In ancient times, the only way to break the city was to rely on the pile of dead people and climb the line with ladders. The effect of trebuchet is very poor. When a stone hits the wall, the boss can collapse, but the trebuchet causes trouble. A battle can use a lot of 10 units, but it will take several weeks to hit the wall. . . The main function of trebuchet is to deter the enemy and throw fire oil.
Some cities will use wooden doors, and they will rush to install them with wooden stakes. However, in ancient Europe, some city gates were made entirely of iron, and they were placed from top to bottom. Even this method is useless.
Therefore, the regular destruction of cities depends only on human lives and ladders.
Question 2: How high is the ancient city wall in 2:Xi 'an? How many meters? Xi 'an City Wall is located in the central area of Xi. Rectangular, with wall height 12m, bottom width 18m, top width 15m, east wall length 2590m, west wall length 263 1.2m, south wall length 344 1.6m and wall length 3246544. There are four gates: East Changle Gate, Dingmen in Xi 'an, South Yongning Gate and Beiyuanmen. Each gate consists of an arrow tower and a tower. The existing city wall was built in the seventh to eleventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1374- 1378), with a history of more than 600 years. It is the most complete existing ancient city wall building in China.
Some experts believe that the ancient city wall is the most brilliant architectural relic on the ground of the ancient capital of the 13 dynasty. Its value can be said to be unparalleled.
According to accurate measurement, the total length 13.9 12km, height 12m, bottom width 18m and top width 15m of Xi 'an Angu City Wall. Among them, the south wall is 4256 meters long and the west wall is 2706 meters long, covering the imperial city of Sui and Tang Dynasties, extending about1/4 to the east and north respectively; The east wall is 2,886 meters long and the north wall is 4,262 meters long. It was built during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. The whole city wall, including moat, suspension bridge, lock tower, arrow tower, main building, turret, watchtower, breast wall, crib and other facilities, constitutes a tight and complete medieval castle.
It can be said that every brick on the ancient city wall is like an ancient letter, which is an interpretation of the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty.
In the second year of Emperor Wendi (582), Yuwen Kai, a famous architect, was the chief architect of the capital construction and began to build Miyagi and Imperial City. Completed in the second year. Then build Guo Cheng. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Daxing City was still the capital and changed to Chang 'an City. In the fifth year of Yonghui (AD 654), Emperor Gaozong appointed Yan Xuande, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, to be responsible for the construction of the outer wall of Tang Cheng and the Jiumen Gate Tower in the East, West and South. The perimeter of the external wall is 36.7 kilometers, the width is 9 ~ 12 meters and the height is more than 5 meters. At that time, the whole city covered an area of 84 square kilometers, with a large scale and neat layout. North-south street 1 1, east-west street 14, the whole city is divided into 109 squares and east-west cities. As Bai Juyi described, "A hundred schools of thought are like Go, and Twelve Streets are like vegetable fields". Tang Cheng, the largest capital in the world, is like the center of world civilization.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao uprising, 88 1 captured Chang 'an. The * * * army quickly recovered Chang 'an in the later Tang Dynasty. In history, "Huang Chao was invincible, burned the palace and fled", almost at the same time, "the loyalist plundered wildly, which was tantamount to a thief, and there were few people left in Chang 'an housing". However, it was Zhu Wen who forced Tang Zhaozong to move the capital. Not only the emperor's officials and gentry migrated, but Zhu Wen also demolished the palace in Chang 'an. The timber removed from the White Temple and the folk Lusheng was transported to Luoyang along the Weihe River and the Yellow River, and the Tang city was reduced to ruins. Han Jian, Chinese ambassador to Chang 'an, rebuilt Chang 'an City; Abandoned the original Guo Cheng and Miyagi, and took the Imperial City Wall as the new Chang 'an City Wall. At this point, the superstar gradually lost his luster. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has become an important town in the northwest. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang made his second son Zhu Jiu the king of Qin, guarding Chang 'an and renamed it "Xi 'an". In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Sheng Feng, Duke of Song Dynasty, presided over the restoration of Ancheng and the restoration of the Imperial Capital, which lasted for 8 years. As for the Ming City Wall, the South City Wall and the West City Wall were heightened and thickened on the basis of the Sui and Tang Dynasties Imperial City Wall, extending to the east and north by a quarter respectively; The East Wall and the North Wall will be demolished and built. During the period of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (1568), Zhang Zhi, commander in chief of Shaanxi Province, built blue bricks for the original Ming city wall. During the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (178 1), Bi Yuan, governor of Shaanxi Province, renovated the tower, added bricks and improved the drainage system. At this point, the city wall survived.
Xi 'an City Wall was built on the basis of the imperial city of Tang Dynasty during the Ming Dynasty under the guidance of Zhu Yuanzhang's policy of "building high walls, accumulating grain and slowly claiming the throne". Completely around the "defense" strategic system, the wall thickness is greater than the height, rock-solid, and sports cars and drills can be placed on the top of the wall. The city wall includes a series of military facilities such as moat, suspension bridge, sluice building, watchtower, main building, turret, watchtower, breast wall and crib mouth. The city wall has undergone three major renovations after its completion. In the second year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (1568), Zhang Zhi, the governor of Shaanxi Province, presided over the restoration, making Tucheng a brick city for the first time. In the forty-sixth year of Qing Qianlong (178 1), Bi Yuan, the governor of Shaanxi Province, presided over the renovation of the city walls and towers. Since 1983, the people of Shaanxi Province and xi * * * have carried out large-scale repairs on this ancient city wall, supplemented the demolished East Gate, North Gate Arched Tower, South Gate Tower and Suspension Bridge, and built a park in the city, which made this ancient building glow with its former elegance and become a major tourist landscape of Xi.
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Question 3: How high were the ancient towers? After the expansion of the Ming Dynasty, Xi 'an City Wall was 12m high,12-14m wide at the top,15-18m wide at the bottom and about13.7km in circumference. An enemy platform is built on the wall every 120 meters, protruding outside the wall, and the top is flush with the wall. This is specially designed for shooting enemies who climb the city. Half of the distance between enemy platforms is just within the effective range of bows and arrows, and it is often used to shoot enemies who attack the city from the side. There are 98 enemy towers on the wall, all of which are stationed.
Question 4: How high is the ancient city wall? The height of city walls in different areas is different in different periods.
With the progress of this fortification technology, the city walls are getting higher and higher. For example, the wall of Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was only 6 meters high, and the wall of Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty was 12 meters high. Generally, the capital is the tallest, and other cities are shorter than the capital.
But there are exceptions, that is, the frontier fortress 10 meters high, such as Yanmenguan, and the average height of the Great Wall is 7.8 meters. Generally speaking, the walls of the frontier fortress are very strong to defend the enemy.
Due to the different geographical environment in different regions, the height of the city is also different. For example, the wall height of Wancheng in the Sixteen Countries Xia Guo is 10 meter, which is about 8 meters higher than some walls in the Central Plains at that time.
Question 5: How high are the walls of ancient grand cities? How many feet? Jinling City Wall (Nanjing)
It was founded in the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1366) and completed in the 19th year of Ming Hongwu (A.D. 1386). The inner perimeter of the city wall is 33km, and the existing city wall is 1km, with a height of 14- 18m and a width of 8- 12m. It is a masonry structure. City gate 13, with 4 existing. There are sluices, sluices or culverts at the junction of the city wall and the waterway. There are 136 16 stacks on the city wall. Nanjing City Wall ranks first in the world.
Question 6: How high is the highest known wall in China? Nanjing City Wall is the highest city wall.
It was founded in the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1366) and completed in the 19th year of Ming Hongwu (A.D. 1386). The inner perimeter of the city wall is 33km, with an existing area of 2 1 km, a height of14-18m and a width of 8-12m. It is a masonry structure. City gate 13, with 4 existing. There are sluices, sluices or culverts at the junction of the city wall and the waterway. There are 136 16 stacks on the city wall. Nanjing City Wall ranks first in the world.
The Xi 'an City Wall in Shaanxi Province was expanded from the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty to the eleventh year of Hongwu (A.D. 1370- 1378) on the basis of the city walls in Tang and Yuan Dynasties. The plane is rectangular, with a perimeter of 1 1.9 km, a height of 12 m and a top width of 12- 14 m ... There is a moat with a width of 20m and a depth of10m outside the city wall. The city walls are made of blue bricks, thick and strong, and the gates extend in all directions. There are towers, watchtowers, gates and towering volleys on the gate, which are magnificent. There is an urn between the watchtower and the watchtower. There is a tower in every corner of the city. This is the only complete ancient large city wall in China, which has been transformed into a park around the city.
Jingzhou city wall
That is, the wall of jiangling county, Hubei Province, is said to have been built when Guan Yu was guarding Jingzhou during the Three Kingdoms period. Originally an earth wall, it was converted into a brick wall in the Southern Song Dynasty. The present city wall was rebuilt in the third year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1646). The wall is 9 meters high, 10 meters wide and 9 kilometers in circumference. City walls, gates, battlements, etc. Now it is well preserved and antique, showing the trend of Youlong.
Xiangyang city wall
Located in Xiaoxiang County, Hubei Province. The original city wall was destroyed at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and now it is rebuilt at the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The city is 8 meters high and 6 kilometers around, with six doors on all sides and watchtowers at the four corners. Climb the Xiaobeimen Tower, overlooking the Hanshui River in the north, overlooking Xianshan Mountain in the south, and backing on the ancient battlefield.
xingcheng city walls
Ningyuan Acropolis Wall is located in Xingcheng City, Liaoning Province. The city wall is well preserved and belongs to the Ming Dynasty. It is more than 800 meters long from north to south, 10 meters wide from east to west and 4.5 meters wide from east to west. There are two existing towers in the west and south. There are still many sidewalks and streets on the walls of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the whole city is like the Amin Dynasty Architecture Museum.
Pingyao city wall
Founded in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1370), it is located in Pingyao County, Shanxi Province. It is 6 kilometers in circumference, 8- 10 meters in height, 8- 12 meters in bottom width and 3-6 meters in top width. The wall is rammed with plain soil, and the outer wall is bricked with lime. There are six gates around the city, and an urn is built outside the city. Pingyao city wall has many military forces, beautiful appearance and complete defense facilities. It is the only city built in China and is famous for Gu Zhuo. At present, the walls in the north, east and south and the Kuixing Building in the east and west corners are more complete after transformation.
Question 7: How high is the Great Wall? How thick is it? Not necessarily. According to the importance of different places and checkpoints, the height, thickness and building quality of the Great Wall vary, such as brick walls, rubble walls and rammed earth walls. Brick walls range in height from 3 meters to 5 meters, and the widest car will do. The height of rubble wall is generally about two meters, the maximum width is three or four meters, and the narrowest part is only about 40 cm. Rammed earth walls should be distributed in the northwest, so I don't have much material. I hope you can adopt it.
Question 8: How high is the ancient city? The early city walls were very simple, such as the low rammed earth wall with a width of only 2-4 meters at Houtun site in Anyang, Henan Province, and the stone wall with a height of only 1.7 meters at Ashan site in the eastern suburb of Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Because they are short, these walls don't even need a foundation. But don't underestimate them. Enough to cope with the struggle that was not called war at that time, but called fighting.
In the middle and late period of Longshan culture, that is, the Five Emperors era, with the prosperity of tribes, real cities began to appear. As the representative of Liangtai ancient city in Danping, its shape has always been square, which shows that the urban layout has been unified. The total length of the city wall is 740 meters, the wall height is about 6 meters, the root thickness is 13 meters, and the top width is 8-10 meters, which can accommodate the mobilization and fighting of large troops. This wall is built by advanced slab construction method, that is, the steep inner wall is compacted first, and then the slope protection and reinforcement are carried out on both sides. This method can increase the height, inhibit the synchronous growth of the slope, and make the city wall steep and difficult to attack. With the appearance of this tall city wall, in order to avoid collapse caused by soil problems, foundation has become an essential item in the project.
At the end of 2 1 century BC, the first empire in the history of China, Xia, was established. However, the establishment of the empire did not promote the development of urban defense facilities in Xia Dynasty, and the defense level of Pingliangtai ancient city has not been surpassed in history. It was not until the early Shang Dynasty that this wall, which was about 20 meters thick and about 10 meters high, stood around the rapidly expanding city since the Xia Dynasty. At this time, the city wall is not only higher, but also more meticulous in workmanship. After the city's slopes are leveled, they will be covered with gravel to prevent rain erosion. There are rammed nests between the rammed layers of the inner wall, so that the rammed layers are embedded and the city wall is firmer.
The systematic thought of city defense was put forward by an outstanding civil servant named Jingqi in the early years of Southern Song Dynasty. This man is very resourceful. He invented the bamboo gun and even commanded a large number of defense wars. He also personally experienced the huge impact of the cluster bombing of riprap vehicles on both offensive and defensive sides. In particular, the 8 Jin Army launched 9 attacks on De 'an, each time with a stone-throwing vehicle, and the last attack was indiscriminate bombing day and night 14, so you can imagine what a tragic scene it was. However, with its extraordinary strategy, it repeatedly defeated a large number of Jin armies in various cities, laying the historical position of the first person in the city defense at that time. His Guarding the City is still one of the most famous art books in ancient China.
The stereotypes of the Yugoslav capital include fortification design and defensive tactics.
Its ideal city should have the following improvements.
Behind the moat, 6-9 meters away from the city wall, there is a sheep and horse wall with a height of 4 meters and a root thickness of 3 meters. There are three shooting holes in the shape of pins on the wall. There is a trench behind the sheep horse wall. Then there is another wall. Form a barrier area with two ditches and three walls.
The wide top of the city wall is narrowed to 5-6 meters to reduce the chance of being hit by a stone bullet. Replace the female wall with a flat wall that can withstand the bombardment of stone bullets. The wall is staggered with two rows of holes for shooting and assassination. Build a flat wall on the horse's face instead of a war shed that can't stand the attack of stone bullets. The corner of the city was changed from a right angle that was easily crushed by a stone bomb to a semicircle, and the turret that was easily bombarded was abolished.