Then, from the children's point of view, starting from the scientific research topics we are engaged in, how should we use the waste materials around us? Rodin, the master of art, once said, "There is beauty everywhere in life. For our eyes, it is not the lack of beauty, but the lack of discovery. " Indeed, contemporary art is developing in the direction of diversification and integration. Incorporating waste materials into art courses and studying them as scientific research activities will help to cultivate students' cognitive ability, improve their abilities of discrimination, analysis, reflection and judgment, and integrate materials from different sources. Bruner, an American psychologist, pointed out that "the best stimulus to learning is interest in learning materials". Interest triggered the need and stimulated the generation of learning motivation. To sum up, I think that in our actual teaching, we can use diverse materials to express various forms of turning waste into treasure, broaden the scope of expression, and let children express their rich childlike world in a more free way.
First of all, look for diverse materials to stimulate creative interest.
Each material has different attributes and different texture effects, and different materials bring different sensory experiences and inspirations to children. In life, "everything is material": a piece of rag, a piece of sawdust, a food packaging bag and so on can all be used as materials to turn waste into treasure. Teachers need to guide children to find learning materials from their own lives, and there are many ways to find them. 1, find at home: after eating the rest of useless materials at home, such as cans, beverage bottles, milk cans, straws, etc. Materials that are useless when used at home, such as toothpaste boxes, moon cake boxes, leather shoes boxes, cosmetics boxes and so on. 2. Go to nature to find: such as all kinds of leaves, bark, pebbles, etc. Some materials can be seen everywhere at home, and even become garbage. If not handled in time, they will pollute the environment, but it is still useful to pick them up conveniently. Therefore, when I ask my children to be animals in the sea, I ask them to prepare the materials needed to make fish and crabs before class, such as bottles, disposable cups, KFC boxes and so on. Children pay attention to these materials consciously after returning home, and their enthusiasm is very high. Over time, they began to pay attention to the "beauty" around them and began to actively explore the "beauty" around them. Collecting waste materials has become their habit, so when playing with interesting dolls, children will take the initiative to fall from the corner of life and look for materials that can be used as dolls, such as foam, toothpicks, waste boxes and so on. In the process of searching, they not only increased their knowledge, but also brought inspiration for creation, cultivated their creative consciousness and had great enthusiasm for their own creation.
So I usually let students observe and look for waste materials around me. After a period of trying, I have gained a lot and the children are very interested. We put a "treasure chest" in our classroom, which is filled with all kinds of bottles, boxes, jars, small calendars, old wrapping paper, plastic foam boards, straws and other waste items they collected from home, as well as natural materials such as eggshells, watermelon skins and happy fruit shells. These are all raw materials that students can freely choose in the creative process.
Second, experience processing materials and cultivate creative thinking.
When children will take the initiative to collect waste materials around them, teachers should further guide them to seriously experience the shape, texture and color of the materials and give full play to their imagination and creativity. Students' creative inspiration often begins with experience materials. Experiential learning will make students interested in cognitive activities, participate in learning activities independently, and make scientific research activities more interesting and energetic.
We know that experiential learning pays attention to the practicality of the learning subject. Experiential learning is to fully stimulate students' vision, touch and hearing through colorful practical activities, so as to obtain perceptual knowledge and complete the cognition of objects. Therefore, when students collect a lot of materials, there are various ways to experience in the process of specific experience activities. We can give guidance from two aspects: one is the visual level, that is, to understand the visual effect of materials, their modeling, color patterns and so on. The other is the tactile level, that is, to understand the tactile effect of materials, such as weight, texture and so on. For students, these two experiences are very important. Students' creative inspiration is inspired by sensory experience and understanding such as vision and touch. Therefore, inspiration is not the patent of great scientists, great philosophers and great writers, and everyone will encounter it. Inspiration comes from human practice. It can be seen that in art classes, there is often a phenomenon of "taking feelings with meaning". And feeling is a necessary process in the creative inspiration stage. But the emergence of inspiration is not the completion of creation, it must be combined with skills in order to make inspiration a real thing. We can divide creativity into two parts, namely, the inspiration of creation and the implementation of creation; Maslow, a famous humanistic psychologist, described inspiration and creation as pre-creation and secondary creation respectively, and creativity is consistent with the implementation or secondary creation of creation, which clearly tells us that training children's production skills is only one aspect of cultivating creativity, not the whole. We should fully develop children's creativity. In addition to cultivating certain production skills as always, it is more important to stimulate their creative inspiration. However, when children have creative inspiration, they need further guidance from teachers to further develop their imagination. Imagination can make our understanding transcend the limitations of time and space and specific conditions, make our production and performance have ideal wings, and create various unique works of art.
Then, in the scientific research activities of turning waste into treasure, how can we skillfully use waste? The specific operation forms can be varied. The key is to start with the child's existing sensory experience and induce the thinking to help the child form an image through the design of specific links.
1, multi-angle feeling: "Wonderful tearing paper collage", at the beginning of class, I asked my children to tear paper boldly and casually, and then guided them to rotate the paper many times, observe from multiple angles, look carefully and think. What is it like? Children find inspiration, some like heads, some like watermelons, some like shells ... inspire them to make various associations according to shapes, compare their ideas, and stimulate their imagination and innovative thinking ability. Finally, finish painting activities.
2. combined imagination: when using waste materials to create, a material is sometimes difficult to imagine? But put them together and you may find a lot. For example, in the activity of "making cartons into furniture", the matchboxes brought in are spliced together to form a table. You can also combine all kinds of boxes into a bed with colored paper. In a word, using waste materials to combine, open students' ideas and creative desires, and expand associations, can create a variety of unique handicrafts.
3. Cut at will: Take a disposable cups, cut it at will and turn it into a small clock. Hands-on is not restricted, and children's awareness of independent inquiry will be stronger. Through the guidance of teachers, children fully integrate their own thinking in images in the process of experiencing materials, which brings great freedom to people with unconstrained imagination and ethereal wisdom, enriches artistic expression and cultivates students' creative thinking.
In a word, a good work of art needs a series of creative activities of the author, including discovery, conception and creation, in order to make it perfect. When the waste is visually felt and inspired, the final treatment is also "the finishing touch". We should ask our children more what they look like and what else we can add. When we see rows of tall buildings transformed from mooncake boxes and toothpaste boxes, various cars transformed from cans, cute little dolls transformed from eggshells, fences transformed from popsicles and so on. This series of new visual artistic images made of waste materials will be very imaginative and we will be very happy because they are their own works. In this kind of learning activity, let students play the role of middle school, fully experience the creative materials and experience the infinite fun of creation. In this process, students' imagination, aesthetic ability and hands-on creativity have been further developed, which fully shows the children's "ingenuity" nature.
Third, carry out multi-evaluation to stimulate creative potential.
Based on the educational concept of "discovering every child's talent", we pay more attention to the evaluation of children's learning process.
1, interest evaluation: when children put their collected materials in the classroom "treasure chest", you look at what I brought, and I look at what you brought, full of curiosity and eager to touch the materials brought by others; How high are the children's emotions. At this time, if the teacher severely asks them to put down their materials, I think the children's creative inspiration will definitely be erased. We need to assess children's interests in time and praise students who bring materials voluntarily. In learning activities, some students have strong hands-on ability, and our teachers should also correctly evaluate their participation interest and enthusiasm, let them actively participate in cooperative learning, explore independently, and let them play with middle school. In this way, the classroom atmosphere is democratic and relaxed, children have fun and learn happily, and their works are also "affectionate", "intentional" and "innovative".
2. Evaluation of experience and inquiry ability: Children love to try all kinds of new things, which is their nature. We should make use of various favorable conditions to provide students with opportunities to try, evaluate students' experience and inquiry ability in an encouraging way, and let them boldly try to use various wastes.
3. Positive evaluation of comprehensive ability: When children use waste materials to create, all aspects of knowledge are being acquired and all aspects of ability are being strengthened, which is also conducive to the improvement of children's comprehensive quality. For example, in the class of "interesting animals", while making animal crafts or models with various waste materials that are common in daily life, children are also allowed to further study the appearance characteristics and habits of animals and further understand scientific knowledge. For another example, in the cold winter, children's happiness has not decreased at all, but they are particularly enthusiastic because of the New Year. What children talk about most in festivals is buying new clothes and toys, eating KFC and McDonald's. In their eyes, adults are most concerned about what gifts to buy for relatives and friends. Seize this opportunity, I designed an environmentally friendly parent-child New Year activity "Green Blessing You, Me and Him". In a series of parent-child activities, children and parents will know what green gifts are and what benefits they have. At the same time, children will initially realize that giving gifts is not important. The most important thing is to have a sincere and caring heart, which is the best gift for others and the most sincere blessing.
In short, we need to have a pair of eyes that are good at discovering beauty, and guide children to make full use of all kinds of waste materials around them to create art in various ways. In this way, our world will become more colorful.