The M 19 1 1 pistol was originally designed by john moses browning. Browning began to test the automatic filling technology on 1889. 1895 invented a new pistol structure design based on the working principle of barrel recoil. From 65438 to 0896, Browning and his brother established a cooperative relationship with Colt Patent Weapons Manufacturing Company (now Colt Industries) in Connecticut. Browning used the newly invented pistol structure to design a self-loading pistol for Colt Company, which was used to launch a 0.38-inch Colt pistol. The gun was handed over to the US military for testing. As a result, the military was not satisfied with the performance of the gun, and thought that semi-automatic pistol was not as reliable as the revolver, so it was not used.
During the period of 1899-1902, the US military had an armed conflict with the local aborigines in the Philippines. In the battle, American soldiers found that the 0.38-inch (9.65 mm) colt revolver they were equipped with was not enough to stop and the loading speed was too slow. Therefore, the U.S. Army decided to develop a more powerful new pistol and new bullets, hoping to shoot down tenacious enemies at close range. Colonel john thompson (Thomson submachine gun is named after his surname) and Colonel Luis Rajad, directors of the Ordnance Committee of the US Army, believe that the US Army needs 0.45-inch (11.43mm) caliber bullets to provide sufficient stopping effect, based on their experience in fighting against Philippine indigenous rebels and a large number of experiments on animals and human corpses.
1907, the U.S. military began bidding to develop a 0.45-inch large-caliber revolver and semi-automatic pistol as its new generation standard pistols. Browning converted the 0.38-inch semi-flanged pistol into a 0.45-inch caliber flangeless pistol by using 15g fully armored warhead, and submitted this caliber automatic pistol to the US Army for evaluation in 1905. The selection test started from 1906, and many companies participated in the competition. Finally, I chose the sample guns of Colt and Savage. But neither of these guns can fully meet the requirements. Ordnance Department requires the factory to continue to improve its function and reliability, and participate in further tests.
Browning personally went to the factory in Hartford to supervise production. The most severe test began on March 3rd, 19 1 1. In the test, each gun fired 6000 bullets. After firing 100 rounds, the pistol will cool for 5 minutes. After 1000 rounds, the pistol will be simply maintained and oiled. After firing these 6000 bullets, these pistols were tested with some poorly assembled bullets. Then soak these guns in water soaked with acid or sand and sludge until the surface rusts, and then conduct more shooting tests. This is the first time that firearms have been subjected to such rigorous tests, especially the durability test of 6000 bullets. This record was not broken until 19 17.
During the review, Browning continued to improve the original design, such as improving the hinge, manual safety, grip safety and empty warehouse suspension, lengthening the grip and increasing the inclination angle. Browning pistol passed a series of tests and won the contract of military standard pistol for its excellent performance. In the report released on March 20, 19 1 1, the jury wrote: "The committee thinks that Colt is the best of the two pistols because it is more reliable and durable, and it is easier to disassemble and replace parts when they are damaged, and it is more accurate." 1911On March 29th, the 0.45-inch automatic pistol designed by Browning and produced by Colt Company was selected as the US military standard weapon, and it was officially named as "Colt M191.45-inch automatic pistol". 19 12 began to equip troops in April, becoming the first semi-automatic pistol equipped by the US military.
When the United States entered World War I, the United States government had purchased about 140000 M 19 1 1 pistols from Colt Company and Springfield Arsenal. Springfield Arsenal started to set up machine production at1913+m191. Due to the rapid expansion of the wartime army, in order to meet the supply plan, many contractors outside Colt and Springfield Arsenal also joined in to share the huge production tasks. During World War I, Colt Company and contractors produced 450,000 M 19 1 1 pistols.
m 19 1 1a 1
After World War I, the Ordnance Department of the United States Army evaluated the operational performance of the M191KLOC-0/pistol and asked Colt to improve it. Colt's improvements are as follows:
(1), which broadens the sight and develops the partridge sight (a mechanical sight for firearms consisting of a flat-headed thick-bladed sight and a square or rectangular notched door, invented by partridge, former chairman of the American Rotary Pistol Association), so that shooters can aim quickly in poor light;
(2) lengthen the hammer to make it easier to be pulled by the thumb;
(3) Shorten the distance of the nailing machine and increase the anti-slip line;
(4) The back of the grip is designed as an arch, and anti-slip lines are added on the surface to make the shooter hold it more stably;
(5) changing the grid anti-skid pattern of the handle guard plate to make the handle more comfortable;
(6) The thumb groove is added at the back of the trigger, which makes it easier to pull the trigger;
(7), extend the grip insurance.
These improvement projects were completed in 1923, and the new gun that passed the test was officially adopted by the US military on June 25th, 926, and was renamed as "0.45-inch caliber M 19 1 1 automatic pistol". Since then, the structure of the gun has hardly changed significantly. In addition, many foreign companies or governments have been authorized by Colt Browning to produce M 19 1 1 models with different calibers.
During World War II/KOOC-0/94/KOOC-0/to/KOOC-0/945, the US military and other allies ordered 2.5 million pieces (including M/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/65438 and M/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/65438). In order to deliver the goods in time, the US government added four contractors to share the production tasks. The material of M 19 1 1Al grip guard produced during the war was changed from walnut to brown plastic. By the end of the war, the US Army alone had 2.7 million m191and M 19 1 1. After MKIV ended in World War II, M1911Pistol experienced Korean War and Vietnam War. The m1911pistol is still widely used, and some other modifications have appeared, such as the shortened M65438.
1985, the US military decided to replace the M191kloc-0/a1with the 9mm9 automatic pistol produced by Bei Leita Company. When the congressional order was issued, the US Marine Corps strongly opposed it, and many special forces in the US armed forces continued to use the M 19 1 1 pistol as an auxiliary weapon. There are still many people who think that the M 19 1 1 pistol is the best fighting pistol.
Although American standard pistols have been replaced by M9 pistols, there are still many companies producing various M 19 1 1 pistols. Because of its unparalleled absolute lethality and accurate and rapid single-shot shooting mode in actual combat, some elite American military and police forces (such as SWAT) have always listed it as a standard pistol for special warfare players. The US special forces fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan still use the M 19 1 1 pistol, which is similar to that designed in the last century. The M 19 1 1 pistol experienced a dramatic revival. The special forces and police departments abandoned the 9mm pistol which was heavily equipped in 1980s and 1990s, and adopted the 0.45acp m19110 pistol which was once considered outdated. At present, the government-style M191KLOC-0/pistol produced by Kimber Company, the world's largest pistol manufacturer, is specially customized for the naval task force under the US Special Operations Command.
M 19 1 1 Main structure of pistol
Although M 19 1 1 produced many new models, its basic structure, such as firing and launching mechanism and safety mechanism, remained unchanged.
M 19 1 1 adopts single-action launching mechanism, and can only shoot with one shot. Its firing and launching mechanism consists of a needle, a needle spring, a hammer, a hammer spring, a resistance iron, a resistance iron spring, a single-shot lever, a trigger connecting rod and a trigger. Among them, the single-shot rod is a rod-shaped piece assembled with a resistance iron. It can move up and down in a straight line, or it can rotate around the axis with the resistance iron. It has a lug at its lower part. After the casing is put back in its original position, the single-shot rod moves upward into the notch of the casing, and the lug engages with the resistance iron. At this point, if you hold the grip and pull the trigger, you can release the hammer at the position to be struck. If the sleeve is not put back in its original position, the single-shot rod is pressed down by the sleeve, and the lifting lug is under the resistance iron and separated from the resistance iron. At this point, even if you hold the grip and pull the trigger, the hammer cannot be released. In addition to the above functions, the single-shot lever can also avoid pulling the trigger once to form a continuous firing. Only when the insurance mechanism acts on the firing and launching mechanism can the whole gun be insured.
Like many modern pistols, M 19 1 1 has various safety mechanisms to prevent accidental fire. The insurance institutions of M 19 1 1 have manual insurance, holding insurance and semi-ready insurance.
The manual safety button is located at the upper left of the gun body. Push the safety button upward, and the safety button enters the notch of the sleeve to limit the forward and backward movement of the sleeve. At the same time, the inner cam surface of the safety machine meshes with the resistance iron to limit the forward rotation of the resistance iron. In this way, although the trigger is pulled, the hammer in the position to be struck (the convex teeth on the upper part of the resistance iron are stuck in the groove to be struck) cannot be released. Manual safety can lock the sleeve and the hammer to ensure the safety and carrying of the pistol to be struck. The manual safety button of M 19 1 1 has a moderate design size, which is conducive to concealed carrying or tactical use, and it is not easy to hook clothes when pulling out a pistol.
The grip safety device is located at the grip of the grip. Under the action of spring force, the handle safety is automatically in the safety position. At this time, the convex tooth of the handle safety abuts on the trigger connecting rod, which limits the backward movement of the trigger connecting rod and makes the trigger buckle not in place. Only when the tiger's mouth presses the handle safety, the convex teeth of the handle safety will be separated from the trigger connecting rod, and then the trigger connecting rod can move backward freely, so that the trigger can be locked in place. Some people think it is not necessary to set grip safety on pistols. Actually, the self-defense pistol is safer with this insurance.
China imitates the M 19 1 1 pistol.
In the 1920s, China was in a period of warlord scuffle. European and American weapons manufacturers have been dumping weapons, including American M 19 1 1 pistols, to warlords in China through official, semi-official and even smuggling methods. During the Pacific War and China Liberation War, the United States imported the M 19 1 1 pistol into China as part of its military aid. Therefore, before liberation, China soldiers and civilians could see the M 19 1 1 pistol. After 1949, M 19 1 1 pistols can still be seen in some areas. It was not until the 1960s that the M 19 1 1 pistol basically withdrew from our military and police equipment.
In the 1980s and 1990s, weapons from China began to enter the European and American civilian weapons markets in large quantities, including imitation M 19 1 1 pistols. The M 19 1 1 pistol copied by China in the early days has won the favor of many gun lovers in Europe and America because of its low price, good quality and excellent reliability. With the improvement of China's imitation M 19 1 1 pistol processing technology, China's weapons manufacturers also pay more attention to product category updating and brand promotion to attract more European and American customers.
M 19 1 1 pistol performance data
Caliber: 0.45 inch (11.43mm)
Ammunition: 0.45 inch (11.43mm) colt pistol, 7 ammunition boxes.
The initial velocity of the warhead is 247m/s.
The effective range is 50 meters.
The total length of the gun is 218 mm.
The barrel length is 128mm.
The aiming baseline length is 160mm.
The total weight of the gun is 1. 1kg.
M1911a1pistol performance data
Caliber: 0.45 inch (11.43mm)
Ammunition: 0.45 inch (11.43mm) colt pistol, 7 ammunition boxes.
The initial velocity of the warhead is 250m/s.
The effective range is 50 meters.
The total length of the gun is 2 19mm.
The barrel length is127.8mm.
The aiming baseline length is164.4 mm.
The total weight of the gun is 1. 13kg.