Synthetic ammonia means in? Text? How are nitrogen and hydrogen generated under the conditions of pressure and ammonia synthesis catalyst? Synthetic ammonia by chemical reaction. Synthetic ammonia catalyst? Since the discovery of 1905, fertilizers, nitric acid, ammonium salts, soda ash, etc. The development of the industry has played an extreme role? Promotion of? .
Reaction principle of synthetic ammonia catalyst
When synthesizing ammonia, heat? In scientific calculation, we can find that at low temperature? Under pressure, it is beneficial to ammonia synthesis, but without catalyst, the activation energy of the reaction will be very low. , so the reaction is difficult to send? .
When we make. When iron is used as a catalyst for synthetic ammonia, the activation energy of the reaction is reduced and the reaction speed is accelerated because of the catalyst in the reaction process. . What is ammonia synthesis reaction? What is the possible mechanism by which you need to introduce nitrogen first? Adsorbed on the surface of iron catalyst? Go ahead, nitrogen source? The chemical bond between them will also be weakened accordingly.
In the absence of synthetic ammonia catalyst, the activation energy of synthetic ammonia reaction will be very low. , plus? After iron catalyst, the activation energy of the reaction will decrease. Nitride formation and nitrogen hydride generation two stages. Therefore, the catalyst can change the reaction pathway, effectively reduce the activation energy and improve the yield. Reaction rate of chemical reaction.
Iron-based synthetic ammonia catalyst
The traditional synthetic ammonia catalyst was developed by BASF company in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. It is made of magnetite. A small amount of non-reducible oxides are used as accelerators, especially potassium, calcium and aluminum. Magnetite, as an indispensable catalyst precursor, has long been? We are familiar with it and accept it. Because it allows Al3+ and Fe3+ to enter? Simple yang separation? Replaced and evenly distributed in it, reducing magnetite to? After iron, iron particles? Or coated with evenly dispersed alumina. Or contained in secondary ferrite species, both of which can prevent iron from sintering, because? Prolong the service life of the catalyst.
When Fe2+/Fe3+? When it is equal to or lower than 0.5, its activity will decrease. To this end,? Scientists believe that the composition of this synthetic ammonia catalyst is fixed, but? Scientists don't expect this catalyst to have much more catalytic performance? Want to mention it? . That's why. What else? Ru/C catalyst is a completely different catalyst for ammonia synthesis at low pressure.
About the molten iron catalyst for synthetic ammonia, kid? Generally speaking, when the R value (i.e. Fe2+/Fe3+) is 0.5, its catalytic activity reaches the best state. This classical theory has been used for more than 80 years until a new catalytic system for hot metal with better performance was discovered. Bulk Fe 1-x O system broke through this? The classical conclusion shows that the catalyst of synthetic ammonia enters? Is it? A new period of development.
Strezov studies in the 1970s? Group and Artyukh research? The effect of FeO content on the catalyst surface was studied successively. Properties and activity, but they are not separated from Fe3O4 catalytic system. So, go? Before? All synthetic ammonia in the world? By industry? Its main chemical composition is Fe3O4.
1979, ICI Company, UK? Firstly, the Fe-Co catalyst (74- 1 diamond-containing catalyst) was successfully developed to make it active. Fixed mention? , and should? Yu ICI-AMV? Zhong Yi. China has also successfully developed Fe-Co catalysts (A20 1 and A202). Yu? Industry? Production has achieved good economic benefits.
In the early 1980s, China's scientific research? The author began to study rarity? Type a synthetic ammonia catalyst. Become? For dilution? In the early 1990s, the preparation experiment of elemental ammonia synthesis catalyst was successful? The cheap and excellent A2O3 catalyst is produced. The main components of these catalysts have not been separated from Fe3O4 system.
By 1986, with dimensions? Does the research of hot metal catalyst with block as precursor make progress? Is it? New stage of hot metal catalyst development? Do you have a new one? Machine. From 1992 to 1998, A30 1 and ZA-5 catalysts were successfully developed, which made them have low temperature activity. One step? , laid the technical foundation for low-pressure synthetic ammonia, which belongs to China? Main intellectual property rights of original technological achievements, and won the invention patents in China, the United States, Britain, Germany, Denmark and other five countries.
Nail-based synthetic ammonia catalyst
The report on nail-based catalyst was published by Zenghelis and Stothis in 1930s, but its activity was not as good as that of hot metal catalyst at that time. After a long time? I haven't seen this research published for some time.
1972 Ozaki, etc? Did you find anything new? Nail-based catalyst with metal bait as promoter and activated carbon as carrier is very important for ammonia synthesis. Therefore, a new field of research on nail-based catalysts has been opened up. then what Japan, Russia, Britain, America, Italy?
Li Dengguo's scientific research? What is the essence of employee investment? Something else? Become? Study on nail-based catalyst. Nail-based catalyst replaces iron-based catalyst. The successful development of this catalyst is synthetic ammonia? Art? A weight? Progress, and its influence on synthetic ammonia? Industry decline? Production cost, reduce energy consumption? Views of great practical significance.
BP Company cooperated with Kellogg Company, and after 10 years * * * cooperated with Nu? , 1990 10? Kellogg announced the first? KAAP based on nail-based catalyst? Arts and crafts have been successfully developed in Canada? Built by Ocelot ammonia company? Aggressive? Production. Research and development of nail-based catalysts and others? Iron-based catalyst is synthetic ammonia catalyst? A development? Yes, but? Are nails rare and expensive? Genus, so push? Manufacturing? Nail catalyst and? Simple.
What else is there? Some important research results of nail-based catalysts for synthetic ammonia: Ruhr, Germany? Ruhr Company has developed Ba-Ru/MgO catalyst with better performance. Activity and stability of; Topso company in Denmark has also developed a catalyst for synthetic ammonia containing nails. In these studies, sharp crystals of mirror aluminum are used. And then what? Watch? Product? Ink-loaded nail catalyst? Unparalleled? Activity, but in? Does its stability still exist under industrial conditions? Some problems need to be solved.
In recent years, the nail-based ammonia synthesis catalyst with Ba as promoter and BN as carrier has been successfully developed, which has unprecedented activity and stability. BN and? Is the similar structure of ink stable in all hydrogenation reactions? Kind? Temperature-resistant insulating material.
Under certain reaction conditions (temperature, pressure? 、H2/N2？ Ammonia concentration, etc. ) Can you choose the appropriate BN table? Products, nail loading, additives and concentration, particles and density to obtain the best Ba-Ru/BN catalytic activity; ? And choose? Similar to the treatment of Ba-Ru/MgO catalyst? The recovery of Ba-Ru/BN catalyst by this method reduces the suspicion. What is the cost of this catalyst to it? Industrial application? Lay a good foundation.
Na？ Synthetic ammonia catalyst
According to? Solid state reaction theory? The more lattice defects, see? Accumulate more? , active? The more, the better the catalytic performance. So, there is no doubt, with Na? Reduction in particle size? , table? Gradually increase products? , adsorption energy? The catalytic performance has also been improved. So, what? Should granular catalyst also be the catalyst for synthetic ammonia? A study? To.
In laboratory research, Mully? All kinds? The method has been developed? Fe3O4，Na？ Fe2O3，Na？ Measures, then? NiO，na？ Zinc oxide, nano? MoO3 equals? Is the granular catalyst made in the process of synthetic ammonia? , desulfurization, conversion, refining, synthesis, etc? Tao? Order demand? Ammonia synthesis catalyst. Although they have good catalytic activity, but? Some of them are still in the laboratory stage, divorced from reality? Pretty good? Distance, want them to be practical? Can you cope during childbirth? Still need scientific research? Does the author pay much? Nu？ .
Na？ What is the selectivity of ammonia synthesis catalyst? Ordinary catalyst average? 5~ 10 times, activity? 2 ~ 7 times, if these catalysts can mature? Synthetic ammonia? Industry, will it become a technology? Life: What is the reaction temperature and pressure of the system? Will. The amplitude decreases; Equipment investment and land occupation? Yoshioka? If the amplitude is reduced, the artistic process may become simpler; What will happen to the output and benefit? The amplitude rises. So develop it? What is the catalyst for synthetic ammonia? Meaning? Constant weight? Theme.
Other synthetic ammonia catalysts
Research in Jaldo's Topso research laboratory? A series of products that can replace traditional iron catalysts have been successfully developed. Research shows that in? Under industrial conditions, ternary nitrides such as Fe3Mo, Co3Mo3N, Ni2Mo3N? Activity as a catalyst for synthetic ammonia? Good stability.
Another study found that if you add? Cs, its activity? Yu? What did you do before? Molten iron catalyst. It is reported that under the same operating conditions, its activity is twice that of the traditional iron catalyst. Visible, in scientific research? The author's constant efforts? Next, the new type? Effective catalysts have been continuously studied and made great contributions to the sustainable development of society. Contribution.
What should be the catalyst for synthetic ammonia?
1, where is Fe3O4 catalyst? What should the industry do?
Fe3O4 is the main molten iron catalyst. The traditional iron catalyst has been developed for a long time and the technology is quite mature. The range is similar, too? .
Has the KMR catalyst from Haldor Topse been made? For nearly half a century, because this catalyst has been? Activity, can slowly decline, one-way conversion rate? Often? , manufacturing? Life span? Long, low cost and so on. ? Ammonia synthesis catalyst that once occupied the world market? About half.
Norway? Hydrogen production company? The catalyst accounts for 10% of the world market. The main types of traditional iron catalysts in China are A 1 10 series. Type a fertilizer? Manufacturing? what's up The number of cases reached 96. 13%, of which 8 1.8% was in medium fertilizer? Ambassador China? . Which AI 102 1 catalyst has reached the international advanced level? Ping, are you there? Fertilizer? 75%. Cobalt and dilution? Where are the elements? What are the examples of ammonia synthesis catalysts in chemical fertilizer plants? ,? Generally only suitable for medium-sized fertilizers? . The use of this traditional catalyst? Is it a lot? , in? Industry? Play a huge role in production? Work? .
2, ruthenium-based ammonia synthesis catalyst in? What should the industry do?
What is the ruthenium-based ammonia synthesis catalyst jointly developed by BP and Kellogg? Have some effect? Support technology, in practice? Did you get it in labor? Pan response? . Canada? Synthetic ammonia? You realize that, too? Industrialization, can ruthenium-based ammonia synthesis catalyst be effectively extracted? The speed and efficiency of the reaction? Nail-based ammonia synthesis catalyst can save cost, average? The output of synthetic ammonia per ton can be reduced by 20? 40 yuan.
3. Where is the iron-containing catalyst? What should the industry do?
Catalytic efficiency of iron-containing catalysts? Can effectively reduce the activation energy of reactants. British ICI company? Development and manufacturing first? Put this catalyst in. To reality? Industry? In labor. In practice, research can find that trying to add dilution? Can oxides be effectively extracted? The catalytic efficiency of the catalyst makes its active catalyst become? Effectively catalyze, shorten chemical reaction time and improve efficiency. Enterprise? Comprehensive benefits of production.
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Common synthetic ammonia catalysts and their applications
Common synthetic ammonia catalysts and their solutions?
Synthetic ammonia means in? Text? How are nitrogen and hydrogen generated under the conditions of pressure and ammonia synthesis catalyst? Synthetic ammonia by chemical reaction. Synthetic ammonia catalyst? Since the discovery of 1905, fertilizers, nitric acid, ammonium salts, soda ash, etc. The development of the industry has played an extreme role? Promotion of? .
Reaction principle of synthetic ammonia catalyst
When synthesizing ammonia, heat? In scientific calculation, we can find that at low temperature? Under pressure, it is beneficial to ammonia synthesis, but without catalyst, the activation energy of the reaction will be very low. , so the reaction is difficult to send? .
When we make. When iron is used as a catalyst for synthetic ammonia, the activation energy of the reaction is reduced and the reaction speed is accelerated because of the catalyst in the reaction process. . What is ammonia synthesis reaction? What is the possible mechanism by which you need to introduce nitrogen first? Adsorbed on the surface of iron catalyst? Go ahead, nitrogen source? The chemical bond between them will also be weakened accordingly.
Page 1
In the absence of synthetic ammonia catalyst, the activation energy of synthetic ammonia reaction will be very low. , plus? After iron catalyst, the activation energy of the reaction will decrease. Nitride formation and nitrogen hydride generation two stages. Therefore, the catalyst can change the reaction pathway, effectively reduce the activation energy and improve the yield. Reaction rate of chemical reaction.
Iron-based synthetic ammonia catalyst
The traditional synthetic ammonia catalyst was developed by BASF company in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. It is made of magnetite. A small amount of non-reducible oxides are used as accelerators, especially potassium, calcium and aluminum. Magnetite, as an indispensable catalyst precursor, has long been? We are familiar with it and accept it. Because it allows Al3+ and Fe3+ to enter? Simple yang separation? Replaced and evenly distributed in it, reducing magnetite to? After iron, iron particles? Or coated with evenly dispersed alumina. Or contained in secondary ferrite species, both of which can prevent iron from sintering, because? Prolong the service life of the catalyst.