Irregular antibody screening is negative
There are several results of irregular antibody screening, among which what is the negative result of irregular antibody screening?
It is normal for irregular antibody screening to be negative, so don't worry. If the antibody is positive, even if the blood of the same blood type is transfused, a blood transfusion reaction will occur. Irregular antibody screening This is a pre-transfusion examination. In order to avoid massive bleeding during production and timely blood transfusion, prenatal examination will be required.
Irregular antibody is an antibody that causes hemolytic transfusion reaction and hemolysis of newborn in human body. If this antibody appears, it may cause hemolytic transfusion reaction or hemolysis of newborn. If the irregular antibody in the rh-negative mother is negative, it means that it has no effect on the baby's development. However, if irregular antibodies are found to be positive, we should be vigilant to avoid hemolysis of newborns.
Irregular antibody screening positive
There are positive and negative irregular antibody screening. What about positive irregular antibody screening?
The positive results of irregular antibody screening suggest that patients are prone to transfusion reactions, mainly manifested as fever and chills, and even hemolysis in severe cases, but not all irregular antibodies have clinical significance. Irregular antibody screening refers to checking whether there are blood group antibodies other than anti-A and anti-B in serum. Under normal circumstances, irregular antibody screening results should be negative. Whether irregular antibody has clinical significance needs further typing, which can guide the selection of red blood cells during blood transfusion.
Blood transfusion-related hemolysis can occur when irregular antibody screening is positive, especially when blood type is incompatible or blood is not stored, transported and handled properly, and patients can have acute blood transfusion-related hemolysis, which is characterized by high fever, chills, palpitations, low back pain, hemoglobinuria and even acute renal insufficiency during blood transfusion.
Harm of irregular antibody screening
Irregular antibody screening can't be done casually, so what are the hazards of irregular antibody screening?
If the irregular antibody screening is positive, fever reaction may occur. Fever reaction is the most common adverse reaction, and sometimes the incidence rate exceeds 40%, which is manifested as fever and chills during blood transfusion. Blood transfusion treatment can be temporarily suspended. Or allergic reaction, often in the process of blood transfusion or after blood transfusion, patients appear urticaria, vascular edema, severe cases can appear laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, blood pressure drop, need timely treatment. Irregular antibody screening positive may also suffer from infectious diseases, such as various viral hepatitis, AIDS and so on. , can be transmitted through blood. If the amount of blood transfusion is too much or the speed of blood transfusion is too fast, it may induce acute cardiac insufficiency.
Hemolysis is the most serious reaction in irregular antibody positive screening. The causes of hemolysis are: abnormal blood, deteriorated blood, hypertonic or hypotonic solution or drugs that can affect the change of blood pH, resulting in the destruction of a large number of red blood cells. Typical symptoms appear after 10-20ml blood transfusion, and get worse with the increase of blood transfusion volume. It can cause head swelling pain, numbness of limbs, severe back pain, chest tightness, jaundice and hemoglobinuria.
Clinical significance of irregular antibody screen
Irregular antibody screening can detect some physical problems. What is the clinical significance of irregular antibody screening?
First of all, irregular antibodies refer to antibodies other than anti-A and anti-B. There are two kinds of human blood group antibodies: IgG and IgM. The anti-A and anti-B of ABO blood group system are IgM type, and the antibodies of other blood group systems are IgG type. Traditional normal saline blood group identification and cross matching test are only effective for ABO blood group system, but not for other blood group systems. Irregular antibodies in other blood group systems will lead to transfusion reaction: mild ones will cause chills and fever, which will affect the therapeutic effect; In severe cases, incompatible red blood cells are destroyed or their life span is shortened, which leads to hemolytic transfusion reaction and threatens the life of patients.
For pregnant women, irregular antibodies can cause hemolytic disease of newborns, affect the development of newborn organs, endanger their intellectual development, and even endanger the life safety of newborns. Therefore, irregular antibody screening is necessary and necessary.