approval
instructions are applied styles used by higher-level leading organs to forward or approve the work reports and suggestions of lower-level organs. Instructions and approvals cannot be mixed. Although the instructions have the effect of reply, they are sent to a wide range of people, and generally need to bring attachments. It usually consists of title, title, text, signature and date. Some titles have "instructions" and some don't. First of all, the text quoted the instructions as the basis for instructions. Then, according to the communication, it puts forward the methods and measures that the lower authorities should implement.
responsible comrades of party and government organs at all levels put forward their own opinions and demands on various documents, reports and reports, which are usually also called "instructions" and also serve as the basis for asking relevant departments and lower-level organs to implement them. However, this kind of "instructions" is not a language, and there is no format requirement, so it is more flexible in application.
Proposal
1. Overview
refers to the documents submitted by the deputies to the National Congress and the Standing Committee of the Congress to the current session of the Congress for deliberation.
bills generally involve major issues and are suggestive and feasible. Article 72 of the Constitution stipulates: "The National People's Congress and members of the the NPC Standing Committee have the right to introduce bills within the functions and powers of the National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee respectively in accordance with the procedures prescribed by law."
second, the writing method
the full text consists of the title, the main sending organ, the text and the signature. The text includes three parts: the cause of action, the evidence and the plan. The purpose of writing a motion should be clear, the reasons should be sufficient, the words should be concise, and the tone of command should not be used.
the difference between a proposal and a proposal: the proposal involves major issues and has a certain submission procedure. The proposal has a wide scope of application and can be put forward regardless of the details.
Circular
I. Overview
Circular is one of the intellectual languages of Zhou Dynasty, and it is a document that announces to the people, government agencies and organizations what should be observed and known within a certain scope. Notices, notices and announcements belong to Zhou intellectual official documents, but they have their own characteristics compared with each other The matters announced in the notice are mostly professional or business, involving public security, transportation and finance, while the contents of the notice are much wider and involve a wider range; Announcement is the release of major events. The scope of application of the notice is not only limited to the superior to the subordinate, but also can be used by units that are not affiliated. It has specific scope and time limit. There are many forms of announcement, which can be published in newspapers, broadcast and posted. Notices are mainly posted, and announcements are broadcast and published in newspapers.
II. Types
Notices are classified according to their contents. One kind is the major regulatory notices nationwide, such as the Notice of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Public Security; A kind of notice issued for a certain job or special problem. From the utility of the notice, it can be divided into restrictive notice and weekly intellectual notice. The former belongs to the prescriptive measures issued within a certain range to ensure the development of a certain work and an activity.
indication
—— A brief introduction
(1) The meaning and characteristics of indication.
instruction is a directive downward document that the higher-level leading organs deploy work to the lower-level organs, clarify the guiding principles of work activities, put forward basic requirements and point out methods and steps according to the Constitution, laws, decrees and relevant decisions and orders. The difference between instructions and orders and instructions is that orders and instructions are generally issued by state administrative leading organs or leaders. Instructions, the party's leading organs and leaders can also use; Orders and instructions, once issued, have legal effect and must be resolutely implemented, leaving no room for flexibility. And instructions, lower levels can be flexible according to the actual situation of the department, not as strict as orders.
generally speaking, instructions can be divided into two types: one is to issue instructions to lower levels to clarify guiding principles, objectives, requirements and methods for universal and overall problems; The other is to assign tasks to lower authorities, explain the significance and put forward methods for a certain work and local problems. Instructions are instructive official documents, and their main features are as follows:
1. The contents are principled.
Instruct to assign work tasks and clarify the guiding principles of work activities, instead of making specific and detailed arrangements for work like a notice. According to the spirit of the instructions, combined with the actual situation of the region and the unit, the recipient unit can implement it, and the contents of the instructions are principled.
2. The function is instructive.
the instructions are issued for the overall or local important work, and some problems can't be solved or can't be solved well according to the previous policies and measures. In order to unify their understanding and actions and achieve good results, the higher authorities put forward practical policies, measures and working principles in their instructions. Instructions not only reflect the intention of higher authorities, but also clearly reflect its policy and guidance.
3. The issuing authority has a higher level.
in theory, all organs with subordinate organs can give instructions. But in fact, grass-roots units generally don't use it, and institutions above the city use it more. This is related to the content. Only when the senior leading organs are condescending can the guiding principles be better raised. In addition, the characteristics and scope of application of the instructions determine the seriousness of the instructions, and it is forbidden to send them indiscriminately. You can neither give instructions to any problem nor give instructions to any organ or individual. In addition to senior and intermediate party and government organs and their main leaders, grass-roots organs and their leaders below the county level should not give instructions directly. Under normal circumstances, the organs below the county level assign daily specific work to the organs at lower levels, and often use the "notice" text. (2) Scope and type of application.
1. Global indication.
instructions issued to solve some global and universal problems in current work are called global instructions.
2. Local indication.
an instruction issued for a local problem of great significance in the current work is called a local instruction.
second, the writing
indicates that whether it is global or local, it is composed of title, document number, text and date of publication.
(1) title.
the title of the instruction should be in full name (complete form), that is, the title with all three elements: the issuing authority, the cause and the language. For urgent instructions, the word "urgent" can be added to the title before the language. If the title of the instruction omits the issuing authority and language, it should be explained in the solution.
(2) the text.
if the content of the instruction is simple, the text can be a paragraph to the end. Some instructions involve more content and are longer in length, so the structure should be properly arranged. The text of this instruction is generally divided into three parts: instruction basis, instructions and implementation requirements.
Instruction
I. Definition and scope of application of instruction
Instruction is a downlink official document that specifically issues indicative and prescriptive measures and requirements in the fields of economy and scientific research. In 1987, the Measures for Handling Official Documents of State Administrative Organs pointed out: "When issuing measures or requirements that combine indicative and prescriptive, use' instructions'."
the characteristics of the instruction are roughly the same as those of the command, and it is mandatory and authoritative, which requires the addressee to implement it. In order to unify measures and formulate consistent requirements, the state often uses mandatory documents to control all aspects of economy, scientific research, undertakings, enterprises and society, which shows the mandatory nature of administrative management. It is one of the documents frequently used by governments at all levels in the State Council and other places, and non-state administrative organs have no right to use it.
second, the writing and requirements of instructions
instructions are mostly used in economic, scientific research and technical documents, so they are very professional, and they use some professional terms and theoretical knowledge. Most of the instructions are drafted by professional departments, which implement the requirements and management spirit of the competent department, and then are checked by its superior units and issued in the name of the superior organs, so as to implement the management of the industry and the overall situation.
instructions generally consist of two parts. The first part states the reasons for issuing instructions, which should be simple, comprehensive and pertinent. The second part is the content of the instruction, which should be described in detail and specify the specific measures.
decree
-overview
decree (decree) is a leading and commanding downward official document with the nature of enforcement, which is promulgated by state power organs, administrative organs, military organs and their responsible persons. From the semantic point of view, it means "making people do things" "Life" also has the meaning of "seriousness", and "order" has the meaning of "warning". Command is one of the oldest official documents in China. In the Three Kingdoms period, in order to accomplish the great cause of reunifying China, Cao Cao tried his best to recruit talents, and successively promulgated the Order of Seeking Talents, the Order of Recruiting Scholars and the Order of Seeking Escape. In ancient China, orders were called "oath", "patent", "control", "politics" and "policy".
(1) meaning.
the order (order) is "to issue administrative regulations and rules in accordance with relevant laws and regulations; Announcing the implementation of major compulsory administrative measures; Reward and punish relevant personnel; The official documents used when revoking inappropriate decisions of subordinate organs.
(2) characteristics.
compared with other official documents, orders (orders) have the following characteristics.
1. the content is important.
The matters involved in an order (order) include the promulgation of administrative regulations and rules, and the announcement of the implementation of major compulsory administrative measures, which are all important contents. The use of orders to reward and punish relevant personnel often has a great influence in the whole country or a certain region. If it is a general recognition of advanced or criticism of mistakes, it is not necessary to order and use other official documents such as notification.
2. Strong authority.
According to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, only the President of the People's Republic of China, Premier the State Council, ministers of the State Council, directors of committees and local people's governments at or above the county level can issue orders according to the authority prescribed by law, and no other unit or individual can issue orders. In practical work, local governments at all levels rarely use the language of command, and senior state leading organs and leading talents use it more. Therefore, the order has a strong authority. Once the order is issued, no other unit or individual may modify or distort it. If the contents of other official documents conflict with the spirit of the order, the order shall prevail.
3. mandatory.
Orders are obviously mandatory. The higher authorities have issued orders, and the lower authorities must resolutely and unconditionally implement them regardless of whether they agree or not, no matter what difficulties or problems there are. Orders must be carried out, and those who violate orders or resist execution will be punished. Among all administrative documents of state organs, orders are the most mandatory.
ii. classification and writing
the main types of orders are: issuance order, administrative order, commendation order, cancellation order, disciplinary order, etc.
(1) issuance order.
a release order is a document used to issue administrative regulations and rules. It consists of a decree and its annexes. Annexes are the laws or regulations, rules and regulations that should be published.
Writing of the release order:
1. Title.
There are two titles of issuing orders: one is the position of the leader of the issuing organ plus the language (order); The second is to add the language (order) to the issuing authority. Common ones are the Decree of the President of the People's Republic of China and the Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
2. Document number.
The serial number is often used for issuing orders, that is, the serial number of orders (orders) issued by the chairman or prime minister of the current government during his term of office. There are also common symbols.
3. the text.
the text of a release order generally includes several contents: first, the object of release, that is, which administrative regulations or rules are issued; The second is the basis for promulgation, that is, which level of organization or which meeting passed this regulation or rule when; The third is the implementation requirements, that is, when the regulations or rules will be implemented.
definitely
-overview
(1) meaning and characteristics.
Decision is a downward document commonly used by party and government organs at all levels. It is suitable for making arrangements for important matters and major actions. Important matters here refer to matters with overall situation or great significance and influence, and major actions refer to actions that have a great impact on society. Of course, important matters and major actions are relative, and not everything is a major policy of the party and the state. Party and government organs, enterprises and institutions at all levels often use decisions, such as some commendation, punishment, organization establishment, personnel arrangements and other matters can be written in decision.
because the content of the decision is "to make arrangements for important matters or major actions", the decision has the following two characteristics:
First, it is restrictive: because the decision reflects the intention of the issuing organ to command and dispose of important matters or major actions, it requires the lower authorities to implement it unconditionally. Although it is not as strict as the order, it is stronger than other official documents, and some decisions also have the effect of laws and regulations. In some aspects, the decision is often an extension of laws and regulations.
second, command and guidance: because the decision is to make arrangements for important matters or major actions, it has command and guidance for lower-level organs.
(2) Scope of application (type).
The scope of application of decisions is quite wide. According to their contents and functions, they can be roughly divided into the following three categories:
1. Decisions to make arrangements for a certain work or major action. For example, "the State Council's Decision on Strengthening Tax Work with Serious Tax Laws and Discipline" and "Central Committee's Decision on Severely Cracking down on Criminal Activities"
2. A decision to deal with a major issue.
3. decisions on important matters such as setting up institutions, appointing and dismissing personnel, convening meetings or commending and punishing.
second, the writing method
The decision is generally composed of the title, the text, the issuing authority, the date of issuance, etc.
(1) title.
The title of the decision requires that the issuing authority, reason and language should be clearly stated, and these three parts cannot be omitted at will.
on the next line of the title, there is a caption, indicating the time of passing or issuing the market.
(2) the text.
due to the different types of decisions, the content and emphasis of the text are different, and the writing methods are also different.
Writing of the text of the decision to make arrangements for a certain task or major action:
This kind of decision has strong prescriptive and commanding effect, which requires not only putting forward the task or major action, but also expounding the policies, regulations, methods and measures to complete the task or major action, with rich content and complicated writing. The text usually consists of two parts: the cause of the decision and the decision.
the reason for deciding refers to the basis for making arrangements for a certain work or major action. The writing requirements should be concise, and the basis should be appropriate, sufficient and convincing.
The decision matters are the main contents of the full text, mainly including the relevant policy principles, implementation matters and relevant requirements. Where there are many materials involved, it is generally expressed in the form of articles or sub-topics. The writing should be clear and clear, and the terms should be clear and clear, which is easy for the relevant personnel to grasp and implement.
Third, writing precautions
(1) Do not abuse the decision writing.
the content of the decision should be consistent with the "decision" language, and decisions should not be spammed. Some units think that only decisions can attract attention, and use "decision" to write the content of the "notice". Such abuse of decisions should be avoided as far as possible.
(2) The reasons for the decision should be sufficient, accurate and reasonable.
the reason for the decision is the basis and reason for the decision. Pay attention to explain clearly, be concise and to the point, so as to be well-founded and convincing.
(3) Decisions should be specific, explicit and clear.
the decision is the main content of the decision, and the relevant authorities implement it accordingly. Therefore, the decision should be specific, clear and clear.