(1) medical treatment
1. Treatment of diabetic nephropathy: (1) Diet therapy: At present, it is advocated that the intake of protein should be limited in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy (0.8g/kg.d). For patients with edema and renal insufficiency, in addition to limiting the intake of sodium in the diet, the intake of protein should be small and refined (0.6g/kg.d), and appropriate amounts of amino acids and plasma can be given when necessary. Under the guarantee of insulin, the intake of carbohydrates can be appropriately increased to ensure sufficient calories. Vegetable oil should be chosen as fat. (2) Drug therapy: oral hypoglycemic drugs. Insulin should be used as soon as possible for patients with poor control of simple diet and oral hypoglycemic drugs and existing renal insufficiency. When using insulin, it is necessary to monitor blood sugar and adjust the dose in time. 2. antihypertensive therapy: hypertension can accelerate the progress and deterioration of diabetic nephropathy, and it is required to control the blood pressure level of diabetic patients lower than that of non-diabetic hypertensive patients, and the diastolic pressure is less than 75mmHg. We should also limit sodium intake, quit smoking and alcohol, lose weight and exercise properly. Most antihypertensive drugs advocate the first choice of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, which are often combined with calcium antagonists or α 1 receptor antagonists such as prazosin. According to the condition, diuretics can be added appropriately.
(2) Dialysis treatment
Patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy can only receive dialysis treatment, and there are two main ways: long-term hemodialysis and ambulatory continuous peritoneal dialysis. Recently, most patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy take peritoneal dialysis, because it does not increase heart load and stress, and can better control extracellular fluid volume and hypertension. Insulin can also be injected intraperitoneally, which is convenient and economical. However, some patients suffer from obesity and hyperlipidemia due to long-term abdominal absorption of a large amount of glucose. Dialysis timing should be chosen earlier than that of non-diabetic patients.
(3) kidney or kidney-pancreas transplantation
Only a few patients can get this treatment. Therefore, the most fundamental measure for diabetic nephropathy is to control diabetes as much as possible to prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy. Regarding the prevention and treatment of this disease, prevention is the key. The way to prevent this disease is to nip in the bud and correct all the risk factors, including controlling blood sugar and blood pressure and quitting smoking. Before microalbuminuria stage, strict control of blood sugar can prevent the occurrence of nephropathy.
(d) promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, clearing away profits and promoting tissue regeneration, and treating diabetic nephropathy.
In recent years, with the increase of the incidence of diabetes, diabetic glomerulosclerosis, that is, diabetic nephropathy, is also increasing rapidly. Due to the lack of measures to delay the progress of diabetic nephropathy, the renal function damage of patients often increases from the increase of urinary microalbumin excretion rate in the early stage to proteinuria, edema and hypertension in clinical diabetic nephropathy, until the end-stage renal failure uremia, and finally dialysis and kidney transplantation are inevitable. Therefore, how to prevent the progress of diabetic nephropathy has become a hot and difficult point in medical research. At this stage, what kind of measures are the best treatment ideas? This is a problem that the majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy must understand.
(5) Acupuncture treatment
Acupuncture treatment of diabetes, as early as more than two thousand years ago, "Historical Records? There is a medical record in Bian Que Cang Gong's biography. Acupuncture treatment of diabetes emphasizes the combination of dialectical point selection and symptomatic point matching, and generally adopts a variety of treatment methods for comprehensive treatment, with relatively reliable curative effect. However, the operation technique of acupuncture is not always mastered by ordinary patients. Therefore, acupuncture treatment is not suitable as a self-care technology for patients. It should be operated by a doctor in the hospital. Physicians often use acupuncture to treat diabetes: ① Symptoms include frequent urination, sweet and greasy urine, thirst and excessive drinking, dry mouth, red tongue with yellow coating and rapid pulse, which can be treated by acupuncture at Dazhui, Shu Fei, thenar, Hegu, Taiyuan, Jinjin and Yu Ye. Attention when acupuncture: Jin Jin and Yu Ye don't keep needles, others keep needles for 20 minutes. Once a day or every other day. ⑵ Symptoms mainly include hunger, thirst, constipation, red tongue with Huang Gan coating and rapid pulse. Select Zhongwan, Pishu, Qihai, Zusanli, Diji and Fenglong for acupuncture with the method of flat supplement, and leave the needle for 30 minutes after getting angry. ⑶ Symptoms include frequent urination, excessive urine output, color like cream, backache and fatigue, dry mouth and heavy drinking, thready pulse and red tongue. Acupuncture at Shenshu, Qihai, Zhongyuan, Zusanli, Guanyuan, Pishu and Sanyinjiao can be supplemented. Leave the needle for 30 minutes after getting angry. Acupuncture therapy for diabetic nephropathy: The method of calming spleen and stopping diarrhea was adopted, and Shenshu, Pishu, Shu Fei, Sanyinjiao, Zusanli and Taichong were selected for acupuncture. If you have edema, you can't directly acupuncture, you should choose moxibustion.
(6) Chinese medicine treatment
Long-term persistent diabetes leads to glomerular hypertrophy, which in turn leads to glomerular fibrosis, atrophy and renal arteriosclerosis. The direct consequence is renal parenchyma ischemia, nephron reduction and chronic renal failure. Before the formation of chronic renal failure, the treatment methods of western medicine and Chinese medicine were to control blood sugar and reduce the burden on glomerulus. However, once chronic renal failure is formed, neither western medicine nor Chinese medicine has a good solution, and finally they can only embark on the road of dialysis and kidney replacement. Marine Life Therapy for Protecting Kidney along Meridians holds that the main causes of diabetic nephropathy are yin and body fluid loss and endogenous dryness and heat. With the prolongation of the course of disease, it develops from yin deficiency and dryness-heat to yin-yang deficiency and water dampness drowning poison, which causes qi-blood disease and meridian stasis, and then damages the five internal organs, especially the lung, spleen and kidney, of which the kidney is the main one. Therefore, after the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, it is necessary to use drugs to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis and dredge kidney collaterals in time, but the renal function has been damaged, and if there is drug infringement, it will aggravate the condition. This is why many patients feel that the treatment of diabetic nephropathy is getting worse and worse. Therefore, it is necessary to use the "marine biological therapeutic instrument" that won the national patent invention award for treatment. "Marine Life Therapy for Protecting Kidney along Meridians" mainly adopts the following measures to treat diabetic nephropathy: 1. Protect nephron. Once diabetic nephropathy is formed, the renal function has been damaged and the ability of detoxification has decreased. Only by transferring the detoxification route to other organs can we remove the toxins accumulated in the body and reduce the burden on the kidneys. After the application of marine biological therapeutic apparatus, many patients have increased sweating, exhaust and defecation. Sweating and detoxification are very effective. If the pores of the whole body are opened, the amount of toxins discharged with sweat is no less than that discharged by the kidneys, which reduces the toxins in the blood, improves the internal environment of the human body and protects the remaining nephron and other organs. The increase of exhaust and defecation shows that the patient's stomach qi has recovered, "one point of stomach qi, one point of vitality", the patient's vitality has recovered, the healthy qi has increased, and the pathogenic factors have decreased. Second, control blood sugar. After the patient's vitality is restored and the nephron is protected, the root cause of diabetic nephropathy-diabetes should be solved immediately. Intervention focusing solely on blood sugar is not the fundamental solution. We must solve the pathogenesis of diabetes dialectically, otherwise we will fall into a strange circle of treating the headache and treating the foot pain, and curing the recurrence tomorrow. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate each patient and find the cause of diabetes to solve it, so as to fundamentally eliminate the damage of diabetes to the kidney. Third, repair kidney cells. Using the far-infrared and permanent magnet effects of the marine biological therapeutic instrument, the effective components of drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, calming the liver and suppressing yang were sent to Du meridian, and then the meridians such as Ren meridian and Foot Taiyang bladder meridian were continuously stimulated by electromagnetic waves to participate in the absorption operation, and finally the drug essence was introduced into the kidney, which played a role in improving renal arteriosclerosis and finally effectively repairing renal cells. The therapy also applies the ancient and advanced concept of time medicine, guided by the traditional theory of meridian circulation and the eight methods of Guiling, and accurately selects the opening time of the three meridians of lung, spleen and kidney according to individual differences. According to the characteristics that all drugs have meridian tropism, it can increase the drug absorption capacity and weaken the side effects, thus achieving twice the result with half the effort.