That's right! He is not a scientist as we always thought, but an engineer, a famous engineer of Texas Instruments, who is engaged in the research of integrated circuits. There are many Nobel Prizes related to semiconductors, but there is no doubt that the invention of integrated circuits is the most dazzling.
65438-0947 jack kilby graduated from the University of Illinois and worked in a company that produces electrical components. At the same time, he became interested in electronic technology.
While working, jack kilby continued to complete his master's degree. After finishing his studies, jack kilby transferred to Texas Instruments. Here, he can devote himself wholeheartedly to his hobby and come up with a genius idea-making all the parts of electronic equipment on a piece of material and connecting them to form a circuit.
This is the original idea of integrated circuits.
Jack kilby didn't delay at all, and immediately began to study. On that day, he outlined the whole idea and chose silicon as the material.
He was highly valued when he told his supervisor his ideas. 1958, jack kilby applied for this patent, and electronic technology entered the era of integrated circuits.
The CPU represents the peak of integrated circuit design and manufacturing, and the core technology of its high-end chips is in the hands of a few large companies.
Forty-two years later, in 2000, at the age of 77, jack kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing integrated circuits. Five years later, jack kilby died.
Is it possible that the chip technology of developed countries in Europe and America will be surpassed by China? Who invented the chip? It is no exaggeration to say that chips have changed everyone's life. The essence of a chip is an integrated circuit. The first scientist who invented modern integrated circuits in the world was an American scientist. His name is jack kilby. However, the scientist invented it at 1958, and it was not until 2020, 42 years later, that he finally won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
In fact, robert noyce, another scientist who developed modern practical integrated circuits at the same time, died as early as 1990. Objectively speaking, China's chip technology is not as good as developed countries in Europe and America at present, which is also the reason why Huawei is struggling because TSMC does not supply it. As for whether the future can be surpassed, the answer to this question is probably only time.
How good is jack kilby?
Jack kilby was born in 1923,165438+10.8. When he was only about 24 years old, he already got a bachelor's degree from the University of Illinois, majoring in electronic engineering. It's only eight years since jack kilby got his master's degree from the University of Wisconsin. This arduous task has developed the world's first integrated circuit.
We can truly feel that the computers, mobile phones and other devices we use today are actually inseparable from the application of chips, but jack kilby, a research achievement that later changed all mankind, did not cause much sensation at that time, so the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to him more than 40 years later.
However, the belated praise just confirms jack kilby's great contribution to the development of today's semiconductor industry. The digital life that everyone has long been used to and even the arrival of the information age are inseparable from the birth of integrated circuits. Before the chip was developed, the vacuum tube was not only bulky, but also unstable, and the expansion of the circuit system would bring about problems such as larger components, which not only meant that the cost was increasing, but also encountered more and more obvious disadvantages in practical applications.
Why are chiplets so powerful that even Huawei is restricted?
Chips also have different classification methods, and there is more than one classification method. For example, if the number of points belongs to digital analog, integrated circuits can be divided into digital integrated circuits, analog integrated circuits and mixed-signal integrated circuits. Of course, different integrated circuits have different functions, just as digital integrated circuits can cover everything, while analog integrated circuits mainly perform functions such as mixing, filtering, demodulation and amplification.
There are always people who say that China is powerful now, so why can't a small chip be made? However, chip manufacturing is not as simple as many people think. All semiconductor elements are collectively referred to as chips. The higher performance of integrated circuits is related to its small size and shorter path.
Integrated circuits have been developed for about a century and a half, but now they are widely used, covering manufacturing, communication, computing and transportation systems, including the Internet, which everyone can't live without now, and they are absolutely dependent on integrated circuits. Chip manufacturing is still a difficult problem we are facing at present, especially the lithography process.
Why Kirin 9000 chip may become the last chip of Huawei mobile phone? Essentially, it is because we can't make our own chips. Who told us that the weakest environmental protection organization in the integrated circuit industry is chip manufacturing? It is difficult to make up for this high technology in a short time.
Moreover, the mainstream trend of the chip industry has always been division of labor and cooperation. Huawei Hisilicon does have good chip design ability, but I didn't expect that one day someone would take the chip manufacturing ability as an attack point, and the originally stable chip industry pattern would be disrupted.
Now we are also working hard for the localization of chips, and Huawei also said that it will implement the core-building plan, which is also the reason why chip talents have joined Huawei recently. I believe that in the near future, China will be able to master many key elements involved in the chip industry chain, and master the key technologies in its own hands, no longer subject to others.
A chip is a silicon wafer containing an integrated circuit. It is a microelectronic combined firmware with strong processing power, which is composed of transistors with single computing power. The appearance of the chip opened the prelude of the information revolution in the 20th century, and it is the foundation of modern industrial civilization.
There are two scientists who invented the chip, one is jack kilby, an instrument engineer from Texas Company, and the other is robert noyce, an American physicist.
Jack kilby1September, 958 12 integrated the first prototype of human body chip. More than twenty components, such as a bipolar transistor, three resistors and a capacitor, are integrated on a small flat plate. These tiny wires are connected by pure manual welding, and the semiconductor components are formed into a miniature solid assembly, named integrated circuit (chip), and the invention patent is declared to the US Patent Office.
Kilby's invention was great, which laid the foundation for today's semiconductor industry and information technology, and formed the digital life that people are used to now. 3C products such as computers and mobile phones can be said to have originated from kilby's invention.
2000 10 10, 77-year-old kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 53 years after he invented the integrated circuit. On June 20th, 2005, kilby died at the age of 82.
At the same time, American physicist Dr. robert noyce is also the main founder of Intel.
1958, the American Fairchild Company founded by Noyce also invented the integrated circuit in kilby, Texas Instruments Company a few months later, that is, all the components of the circuit were embedded in a single semiconductor, and applied for a patent for a more complex silicon integrated circuit, becoming a co-inventor of the integrated circuit.
1959 65438+ 10. In October, Noyce wrote an integrated circuit scheme, and began to develop an aluminum strip connection using an oxide film as a semiconductor insulating layer, so as to connect wires and components into a whole. Its developed silicon dioxide diffusion technology and PN junction isolation technology pioneered the planar fabrication technology of semiconductor integrated circuits and the wiring structure technology of semiconductor devices, laid the foundation for industrialized large-scale integrated circuit production and created the history of microelectronics in the world.
1966, kilby and Noyce were awarded the ballantine Medal by Franklin Institute, kilby was named as "inventor of integrated circuits", and Noyce was called as "putting forward the theory of integrated circuits suitable for industrial production".
Noyce, a trinity of wealth, achievement and prestige, died of heart disease on June 3, 1990 at the age of 62. However, its concept of "negative resistance diode" and integrated circuit chip passed the Nobel Prize for the second time, which was embarrassing.
A while ago, ZTE was sanctioned by the United States, and chips became a hot keyword. What is a chip? Who invented the chip?
Simply put, a chip refers to a silicon wafer with an integrated circuit, such as Core's i9 series. The simplest single circuit is a transistor, which can perform logic operations of 0 and 1. Integrated circuit is a hub with powerful processing power, which is composed of many single transistors with simple computing power.
Today, transistors already exist in CPU of nanometer scale. For example, Core i5-3337U contains1400 million transistors, so many processing units are integrated in such a small chip, which is completely beyond your imagination.
There are two inventors of this chip, one is jack kilby, an instrument engineer in Texas, and the other is robert noyce, a doctor of physics in the United States. Both of them combine the basic components of the circuit into a semiconductor silicon chip, which has superior computing performance and low production cost. Therefore, they developed and improved integrated circuits (chips) together, but because Robert died young, they failed to enjoy the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics with jack kilby.
How important is the chip? Why are chips so difficult to make?
The importance of the chip is beyond everyone's imagination. The chip is used in missile defense systems, missiles and radars in the military field. The chip can improve the scanning accuracy of radar to identify enemy fighters, and also improve the alignment of missiles to achieve accurate strikes. All these operations are carried out in a small chip, which can be related to the lifeline of a country.
Chip is difficult to manufacture because it integrates the essence of human science and technology. In order to improve the computing and processing ability, the chip needs to integrate more processing units. At present, a chip basically has more than 65.438 billion nanoscale transistors, which cannot be directly seen by the naked eye. Physicists in Bell Laboratories have recently developed nano-transistors with the size of 654.38+654.38+0 in a grain of sand, and the process accuracy can be said to be incredible. Not only that, the chip requires terrible material purity, most of which are above 99.99999%. The higher the accuracy, the stronger the computing power of the chip, so it will generate more heat energy. High-purity silicon material can avoid damage to the chip due to material expansion caused by overheating.
The chip is also very scary in optical and mechanical processing. At present, it has developed to an accuracy of 6 nanometers. The internal circuit of the chip has clear guidance and no burrs, which requires very high optical instruments and manufacturing equipment. It can be seen that making a chip is not only as simple as the chip itself, but also the equipment for making a chip is a technical threshold. Coupled with the advanced understanding of the importance of chips abroad, a lot of money is invested in research every year, and the chip has achieved the ultimate.
The chip was invented by two people, but only one person won the Nobel Prize. In history, two people obtained patents for chips respectively, but only one person won the Nobel Prize. The winner is jack kilby, an engineer from Texas Instruments. His chip was patented by 1964. This achievement earned him the Nobel Prize in 2000 and kilby died in 2005. Because kilby won the Nobel Prize and won the reputation of the father of chips.
Then why didn't robert noyce win the Nobel Prize? Well, there is no story of dog blood, because Noyce died too early. 1990, the practice of Nobel Prize is not to give away dead scientists or engineers. However, robert noyce's life is not short of this Nobel Prize. Because he has another honorary title, that is, the father of Silicon Valley or the mayor of Silicon Valley. Robert noyce is one of the co-founders of Intel.
1In August, 968, robert noyce, Gordon Moore and Andy Grove resigned and started businesses. Together, they founded the Intel dynasty, and Intel is still the overlord of the chip industry. In addition, it was Noyce who created the new workplace style of big office, with no walls and only compartments. 197 1 year1month, Intel's first chip, Intel 4004, came out, which is also the first commercial chip in human society.
Illustration: The structure of Intel4004 has 2300 transistors, the manufacturing process is 10 micron, the fastest operation speed is 90000 times per second, and the cost is less than 100 USD.
This is 1 year 197 100 dollars, which is equivalent to 600 dollars now in terms of purchasing power. What level of CPU can 600 dollars buy? I checked the most expensive Intel Core i9-9900K @ 3.60GHz, and the manufacturing process is 14 nm (1 micron = 1000 nm, which means it is reduced by nearly 1000 times, so it can accommodate more transistors). It is said that it can overclock to 5G, with eight physical cores and less than 500 dollars. As for performance, Intel4004 is far behind. This is the horrible progress speed of chip technology.
Welcome to correct me
In addition, don't spray AMD powder.
I also use AMD's (_)
The word "chip" here is wrong, but the exact word should be "integrated circuit"-and the so-called integrated circuit is to integrate many simple circuits in a small place and let a small chip gain terrible computing power.
First of all, the simplest circuit-transistor.
Some people may really don't understand what a transistor is, but it's actually very simple-using some characteristics of semiconductor materials to make the switch very small-this is a transistor. People who know a little about computers can easily know that switches actually mean 0 and 1, so transistors are the basis of computers.
The inventor of the transistor is william shockley, probably the originator of the chip industry. He won the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the transistor.
Transistors that we often see
Second, make transistors smaller and more integrated.
The first transistor computer (800 transistors)
But it is not enough to have transistors, because the size of transistors is still too large, so how to make transistors smaller has become the main problem that scientists need to face. At this time, two scientists stood up and put forward the idea of reducing transistors into integrated circuits. The two men are jack kilby and robert noyce.
An integrated circuit that shrinks countless transistors.
Among them, jack kilby is an engineer of Texas Instruments, and robert noyce is a legend. He used to work in the company founded by william shockley, the father of transistor, but because he was dissatisfied with shockley's management level of the company, he finally jumped ship with seven other partners and established the famous Fairchild Semiconductor Company-and Noyce himself was one of the "Eight Rebellions".
Third, those stupid things about integrated circuits.
What happened between jack kilby and robert noyce and the integrated circuit is really interesting. First of all, jack kilby put forward the concept of integrated circuit earlier, but his first manufacturing scheme was not realistic. Although Noyce proposed the integrated circuit late, he obtained the patent of the integrated circuit earlier because of the correct method.
That's not all, because Noyce died of heart disease as early as 1990, so when the Nobel Committee decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics to the inventor of the integrated circuit in 2000, only kilby, who lived longer, won this supreme honor.
Three chip inventors
So william shockley, jack kilby and robert noyce can all be regarded as the inventors of the chip. Except Noyce, who didn't win the Nobel Prize because of his untimely death, the other two won the Nobel Prize. It is also an interesting story in history.
Jack kilby, the father of integrated circuits (integrated circuits and chips are just two names, one thing, don't worry about it).
Jack kilby won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000, rewarding him for his great contribution and influence on the electronic industry. Although it has been 42 years since he invented the integrated circuit.
Jack kilby was very interested in electronic technology, so he took an electron tube course in college. Sadly, the transistor came out the next year after his graduation, which made all the electron tube technology he learned in college in vain.
The first class is ten years, 1958, and he got a job at Texas Instruments. Perhaps the relaxed working system inspired him: can electronic components such as capacitors and transistors be installed on a semiconductor? This will greatly reduce the volume of the whole circuit! Do it. 1958, 12 September, the world's first integrated circuit came out successfully. Our current computers, mobile phones and other electronic products are inseparable from integrated circuits.
1958 by 2000, the electronic industry developed rapidly because of the appearance of integrated circuits. Jack kilby deserves the Nobel Prize.
Looking forward to your comments and attention! He is a scientist, but he is not a scientist. Specifically, he should be an engineer! As for the Nobel Prize, it was 42 years late. Only five years after winning the Nobel Prize in Physics, the scientist who changed the world died.
Jack kilby, 1923, 165438+ 10 was born on October 8th, and died on June 20th, 2005. He spent most of his life studying electronic technology and working and studying in his spare time. In order to facilitate the research, jack kilby and his wife moved to Dallas, Texas, and worked in an instrument company. Just because this company can provide him with suitable laboratories and experimental instruments, and allow him to carry out his own experimental research, jack kilby has been sitting alone in the laboratory for research from now on, regardless of the cold and heat. Under the suspicion of his peers, he finally succeeded in designing a brand-new field-the world's first integrated circuit.
Not afraid of hardship, dare to think and dare to do, this spirit is rarely possessed by people now. Texas Instruments, which strongly supports jack kilby's research, once said:
Without him, the mobile phone or computer may still be in a giant state. This invention is one of the essential components of almost all electronic products we can see now. Chip is equivalent to the heart of an electronic product, and it is the most important milestone in the development of science and technology.
It is still inappropriate to use "chip" here, because the invention of the chip is not made by one person, but developed and produced by a team or even a national scientific research force. The accurate statement should be "integrated circuit"-the so-called integrated circuit is that many simple circuits are integrated in a very small place, so a very small chip can obtain powerful computing power. First, the simplest semiconductor device-transistor-some people may not really know what a transistor is, but it is actually very simple-using some characteristics of semiconductor materials to reduce the size of the switch-it is a transistor. For people familiar with computers, it is easy to know that switches actually represent 0 and 1, so transistors are the basis of computers.
The inventor of the transistor is William Shockley. It can be said that this person is the father of the chip. 1956, he won the nobel prize in physics for inventing the transistor.
Second, the integrated circuit FPGA chip and integrated circuit
In the first transistor computer, only transistors are not enough, because the size of transistors is still too large, so how to make transistors smaller has become the main problem that scientists need to face. At this time, two scientists stood up and put forward the idea of reducing transistors into integrated circuits. The two men are jack kilby and robert noyce.
Among them, jack kilby is an engineer of Texas Instruments, and robert noyce is a legend. He used to work in the company founded by william shockley, the father of transistor, but because he was dissatisfied with shockley's management level of the company, he finally jumped ship with seven other partners and established the famous Fairchild Semiconductor Company-and Noyce himself was one of the "Eight Rebellions".
Third, those things about scientists. Jack Kiel put forward the concept of integrated circuit earlier, but his first manufacturing scheme was not realistic. Although Noyce proposed the integrated circuit late, he obtained the patent of the integrated circuit earlier because of the correct method.
That's not all, because Noyce died of heart disease as early as 1990, so when the Nobel Committee decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics to the inventor of the integrated circuit in 2000, only kilby, who lived longer, won this supreme honor.
Therefore, william shockley, jack kilby and robert noyce can all be regarded as the inventors of the chip. Except Noyce, who didn't win the Nobel Prize because of his untimely death, the other two won the Nobel Prize.
Not once, but later. First of all, you need to know the original intention of the Nobel Prize, so it is not difficult to know whether he is qualified to win it.
Facts have proved that the integrated circuit has provided great convenience and speed for the scientific and technological progress of human beings in the world, so he later won the Nobel Prize.