By the middle of the 16th century, Britain, the Netherlands and other emerging forces were becoming more and more powerful.
Soon, European navigators and missionaries cut waves and sailed all over the world, even frequently to and from distant Japan.
The era of great navigation is an era when countless brave adventurers drive small boats and challenge the vast and mysterious sea; It was an era that braved hardships and challenged unknown areas, bringing countless discoveries and hopes to Europe; This is an era of great adventure.
If modern history begins with the connection between different parts of the world, then the era of great navigation is the prelude of modern history.
The era of great navigation is a yearning era, and the series of games "The Age of Great Navigation" produced by Japan Glory Company gives us an opportunity to realize our dreams in the game, so that we can command our own fleet and March towards the sea!
Chronology of major events in the era of great navigation
The Travels of Marco Polo wrote after 1298. The wide spread of this book in Europe aroused Europeans' admiration and greed for oriental civilization and wealth, and finally triggered the discovery of new routes and new continents.
1375 At that time, the most complete navigation map in Europe-Catalonia map was completed.
From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He, a navigator, was ordered by Ming to go to "western" countries seven times to "show off China's strength", thus urging Southeast Asian countries to pay tribute to Ming and publicize their national prestige to the world.
14 15 Portugal occupied the Muslim stronghold of Ceuta in East Africa.
After 14 15, Prince Henry of Portugal's expedition fleet began to explore northwest Africa, and successively discovered the Canary Islands, Madeira Islands, Azores Islands, and Cape Verde and Cape Verde Islands halfway between Africa and Brazil.
1450, relief printing technology appeared in Europe, and a large number of books were printed, which spread knowledge widely and was no longer the patent of some monks. Due to the improvement of people's knowledge level, the desire to explore the unknown world is getting stronger and stronger, which provides an ideological basis for the arrival of the era of great navigation.
1453, the Ottoman Turkish Empire captured Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire perished. The land and sea routes to the east are controlled by Turks and Arabs respectively.
1455, Pope Nicholas V issued a privilege order, granting Portugal maritime hegemony.
The Japanese Ren Ying Rebellion (~ 1477) began in the Warring States Period. The defeated warriors in the war became ronins, constantly harassing and looting the southeast coast of our country. The suffering of the enemy began and intensified! !
1480, the beginning of the third generation in the era of great navigation.
1488 Bassaro Samuel Diaz discovered the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.
Christopher Columbus discovered the new continent in 1492; In the same year, German Martin Beheimer designed the first globe.
1494 The signing of the Tolde Celia Treaty to carve up the world.
1498, vasco da gama arrived in Kallikat, India, and opened an Indian air route.
1499, the Ottoman navy defeated Venice and began to compete for the sea power in the eastern Mediterranean.
150 1 year, Amerigo Weiss Pucci made a detailed investigation on the northeast coast of South America, and confirmed that it was a new continent, but not India, and later named it "America" after him.
1502 age, 1 the beginning of the generation.
15 10 Portugal occupied goa, India.
15 17 Martin Luther published 95 articles in wittenberg, Germany, and the religious reform began.
15 19 the fleet of Portuguese navigator Magellan set out to try to sail around the earth and find a new route to the east.
1520, the Ottoman Turkish Empire Su Liman I ascended the throne, and the empire reached its peak.
1520 10 Magellan crossed the strait between the southern segment of America and Tierra del Fuego and entered the Pacific Ocean. Later generations named this strait "strait of magellan".
152 1 year, Hernando Cortes of Spain captured the city of Tran in Nositi, and the Aztec Empire of Mexico in the New World perished.
152 1 April, Magellan arrived in the Philippines, was involved in the conflict with the local aborigines, and died unfortunately. His men continued to sail and found the Moluccas (the famous spice islands), then crossed the Straits of Malacca and entered the Indian Ocean.
152 1 August, the battle of Tuen Mun broke out between China and Portugal. In September, the Portuguese ship was defeated and fled to Malacca.
1522, the beginning of the second generation in the era of great navigation; On September 6th of the same year, Magellan's fleet returned to Sanluca Port, and the global navigation route was completed.
1525, the beginning of the second generation in the era of great navigation.
1529, Portugal and Spain signed the new Treaty of Zaragos, drawing a dividing line at 17 degrees east of the Moluccas, thus completing the division of power in Asia.
1532 Portuguese aristocrat Martin Sosa recaptured Brazil from the French.
1533 Spanish Francisco Pizarro perished the Inca Empire in the New World.
Elizabeth I ascended the throne on 1558 (~ 1603), and actively encouraged piracy in order to expand Britain's maritime power.
156 1 year, the Japanese invaders invaded Taizhou on a large scale, and Qi Jiguang led his troops to win nine wars and nine victories, winning the world-famous victory in Taizhou! Subsequently, under the leadership of Yu, the campaigns of Xinghua, Pinghai and Pingwo were launched, and Lien Chan won again and again. 1665, the suffering of the old enemy was finally eliminated.
1566, the bourgeois revolution broke out in the western Netherlands.
1569, Mercator initiated the compilation of the world map by cylindrical projection method.
157 1 year, the battle of Labando broke out, and the Ottoman navy was defeated by the joint fleet of Spain and Venice in this battle.
Lost control of the Mediterranean. From then on, the Ottoman Empire began to decline.
Spain annexed Portugal in 1580.
158 1 The former northern Netherlands declared its independence and the Netherlands was born.
1588 Britain defeated Spain's "Armada"
1592 Korea's "Non-Chen Patriotic War", Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea across the sea, China aided Korea, and the Sino-Korean Coalition forces finally defeated the Japanese army.
1595, the Dutch Van Linschott compiled the earliest nautical almanac, describing the wind system and current in the Atlantic Ocean.
/kloc-at the end of 0/6, the era of great navigation, the beginning of four generations.
The British East India Company was founded in 1600, until 1858 was officially cancelled by the British government.
The Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602, and the contradiction between Britain and the Netherlands intensified.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, parrish, a Dutch optician, invented the telescope.
The French East India Company was established.
1624 Dutch colonists occupied Taiwan Province province, the treasure island of China.
1640 An uprising broke out in Lisbon and Portugal regained its independence. 1668 Spain recognizes Portugal's independence.
1642, Tasman, a navigator of the Dutch East India Company, discovered a big island in southeast Australia, which was later named Tasman Island.
Virginia i.
During the first anglo-Dutch war from 1652 to 1654, there were nine naval battles, with wins and losses, but the Netherlands was defeated as a whole.
1662 Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province province.
1665 to 1667 was defeated in the second anglo-Dutch war, and the two sides finally signed the Brida contract.
1672 to 1674, the third anglo-Dutch war, after which the Dutch power weakened and Britain won the final victory.
1675, the Danish Romer pioneered the measurement of the transit time of stars.
From 1688 to 1697, France went to war with the anti-French augsburg League (composed of Britain, Holland, Austria, Spain and other countries).
This is the beginning of British and French maritime hegemony.
From 1702 to 17 13, the second confrontation between Britain and France led to Britain's obvious maritime hegemony.
Advantage.
1730, the British Xisong invented the theodolite.
Godfrey, an American, and Hadley, an Englishman, pioneered the use of sextant for astronomical positioning measurement at sea.
1732, Russian emperor Peter I sent Bering to inspect the eastern end of Russia and discovered the Bering Strait.
1740 ~ 1748 In the battle of succession to the Austrian throne, France still lost the third confrontation between Britain and France.
The "Seven Years' War" from 1756 to 1763 was the biggest war between Britain and France for maritime and colonial hegemony in18th century. After the war, Britain won the final victory, thus establishing its position as the global maritime hegemon and establishing an "empire that never falls"!
From 1768 to 1779, Captain james cook of England made three voyages to the Western Ocean, incorporated New Zealand and Australia into the British territory, and discovered Hawaii. However, Cook's achievement lies in discovering a method to prevent scurvy with orange juice and sauerkraut, thus saving the lives of a large number of sailors.
1779 February, Cook was killed in a conflict with Hawaiians.