From 1927 to 1932, the development of cockpit instruments and navigation equipment has made progress, and gyro technology has been applied to flight instruments. The rotating flywheel mounted on the gimbal can keep its orientation in space, so it becomes the basis of various navigation instruments to guide drivers to fly in the night, rain and snow. At this time, an artificial horizon appeared in the plane, which can indicate the flying height of the plane to the pilot; Gyro magnetic compass indicator, the compass is engraved with degrees, which can display the change of course at any time; Geomagnetic induction compass, it is not affected by a large number of iron things often carried on the plane, nor by vibration and the earth's magnetic field. These instruments, such as high-sensitivity altimeter, can measure the height of more than 30 meters above the ground, turn sideslip instrument that shows the turning angular velocity of the plane, and radio beam that indicates the air route, all of which are used to guide the driver through the fuzzy atmosphere.
Flight simulator, also known as flight simulator, can simulate the flight state of aircraft on the ground. 1930, Edwin, USA? Link invented the first flight simulator and named it "Link Trainer" after himself. Although there are technical defects, it has demonstrated the advantages of repeated emergency action training safely and economically without using real machines. At present, the aircraft simulator has been composed of computer, simulated cockpit, motion system, control load system and visual system. It is an indispensable technical equipment for modern aviation scientific research, teaching and experiment.
19101210, at the Paris exhibition, an airplane crashed while performing. The pilot was thrown out of the burning cabin. However, this plane has aroused great concern. Because it uses a new engine. The designer is the pilot himself. He is Romanian and his name is Henry. Koanda, graduated from French higher technical school. The engine he designed is a 36,750-watt engine, which makes the fan push the air backward, and at the same time increases the afterburner, which makes the gas fully expand in the exhaust nozzle, thus increasing the reverse thrust. This is the earliest jet engine.
In the late 1930s, the maximum horizontal flight speed of piston-driven propeller aircraft reached 700 kilometers per hour, and it was close to the sound speed when diving. The problem of sound barrier is increasingly prominent. The Soviet Union, Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy and other countries have vigorously carried out the research work of jet engines. Aoan, a German designer, was the first person to successfully develop a new engine. 1934 Aoan obtained the patent of centrifugal turbojet engine. 1939 On August 27th, Aoan made a He- 178 jet with his engine.
After the jet engine was developed, scientists further made the plane fly over the sound barrier. 10 years later, this work was finally completed by Americans.
194710 June 14, in Sangerfield, California, USA, Bell Company tested a plane that could break through the sound barrier. In the morning 10, a huge B-29 bomber took off with a small plane with a strange shape like a "winged bullet" hanging under the cabin. This small plane is the most famous rocket plane named X- 1 in aviation history. The X- 1 aircraft is equipped with four rocket engines with a total thrust of 2,700kg, and the fuels used are dangerous liquid hydrogen and alcohol. When dropped by the B-29 bomber, the four rocket engines of X- 1 ignited one after another, and the sound was like thunder. When the aircraft engine started 1 min for 28 seconds, the Mach number reached a new record in the history of human aviation-1.0, and the aircraft reached the speed of sound. At this time, the fuel of X- 1 aircraft is almost used up, and the speed becomes faster, reaching Mach number 1.06. At this time, the altitude is13000m. Although the test flight was successful, this record was not recognized because the X- 1 aircraft did not take off by its own power. However, people have realized their dream of crossing the sound barrier, and the history of human aviation has since entered the transonic era.