2 1 ~ 25:CDCCD 26 ~ 30:CBD aa 3 1 ~ 35:BDA CB
36.(28 points)
(1)( 10 point)
Climate characteristics: high temperature and rainy all year round.
Main reasons; The land area is small, the terrain is low and flat, and it is surrounded by the sea. The storage conditions of fresh water (surface water and groundwater) on land are poor (rivers are short), the population is large, the land is large, the economy is developed, and the demand for fresh water for domestic production is large.
(2) (12)
Before the dam was built, the water was salty. Reason; The river flows smoothly, and the tide (jacking effect) mixes the river with the sea water.
After the completion of the dam, the water gradually weakened (improved). Reasons: retain fresh water and prevent seawater from flowing backwards; By regulating water storage and drainage through gates, salt water gradually becomes fresh water.
(3)(6 points)
① Buy fresh water from neighboring countries (Malaysia). The neighboring country (Malaysia) has a large storage capacity, high temperature and rainy weather, and more fresh water. The strait between the two countries is narrow and the transportation cost of fresh water is low.
② Seawater desalination. The national economy is relatively developed, surrounded by the sea. You can choose a suitable place to build a desalination plant to produce fresh water.
③ Waste water (sewage) recycling. The country has developed economy, high population density and a large amount of domestic and production wastewater (sewage).
37.( 18)
(1)(8 points)
Uneven distribution. It is concentrated in the eastern coastal cities, with the Bohai Rim region (or Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region) and the Yangtze River Delta region being the most concentrated. The number of provincial headquarters in the northwest is small.
(2) (10)
For example.
Advantage conditions. (Note: The advantages mentioned above should be consistent with the cited cities or regions, including geographical features, economic level, industrial base, infrastructure, information exchange, scientific and technological level, transportation and so on. )
38.(26 points)
(1) deputies to the national people's congress exercise the right to propose bills, so that the revision of the law on scientific and technological progress can better reflect the wishes of the people and meet the requirements of social development. The National People's Congress is the highest organ of state power. The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee exercise legislative power, formulate and improve the law on scientific and technological progress, and provide legal protection for China's scientific and technological progress. The National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has carried out the inspection of law enforcement on scientific and technological progress, exercised the right of supervision, and ensured the implementation of commendation on scientific and technological progress.
(two) to develop new products, improve the scientific and technological content of products, and build their own brands; Conducive to improving product quality, improving enterprise market competitiveness and expanding product sales; It is conducive to improving labor productivity, reducing production costs and increasing corporate profits.
Increase investment in research and development funds; Attracting outstanding technical talents; Encourage employees to participate in enterprise innovation activities; Encourage scientific and technological personnel through bonuses, equity and other means; Scientific and technological cooperation with universities and scientific research institutions; Actively apply for patents and protect intellectual property rights.
39.(26 points)
(1) Mazu culture has influenced the practice and cognitive activities of overseas Chinese. Enrich their spiritual life and meet their spiritual needs. It promotes cultural exchange and helps to strengthen national identity and cohesion.
(2) Social existence determines social consciousness, which changes and develops with the change of social existence, but it is relatively independent. Mazu culture develops with the social changes, and retains its basic characteristics from generation to generation, which is relatively stable. Social consciousness has an important influence on social development. Mazu culture plays an active role in social life.
(3) Excavate the traditional virtues contained in Mazu culture and promote ideological and moral construction; Give full play to the cohesive role of Mazu culture and promote cross-strait cultural exchanges; Expand the influence of Mazu culture and expand the influence of Chinese culture in the world; Give Mazu culture a new era content and give full play to its spiritual bond.
40.(25 points)
(1) change; From Qin Dynasty to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, meritorious service and ability were the main basis for selecting officials. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the selection of officials paid more and more attention to personal conduct. Cao Cao emphasized that "meritocracy is the best choice"; The Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties emphasized moral priority and ability inspection. In the Tang Dynasty, a perfect examination system was formed, with both ability and political integrity, putting morality first.
Reason; The influence of Confucianism on system construction is deepening; The specific historical background affects the standard of talent selection; Building a high-quality civil servant team.
(2) Morality and virtue are the basic qualities that citizens should possess; Emphasize the importance of schools in cultivating moral integrity; Morality can be cultivated through curriculum education and daily inspection. Pay more attention to professional knowledge and skills in selecting officials. Inherit the ancient talent view of having both ability and political integrity; Adapt to the needs of the times; Conducive to the cultivation of new talents.
4 1.( 12 points)
There is no reference answer to this question.
42.( 10) Tourism Geography
From the main tourist destinations (Kangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou and other cities), the roads can be moderate, with expressway connections; Residents in tourist areas have high income, many private cars and high travel rate; Tourism resources are diverse in types, good in geographical combination and concentrated in distribution.
43.( 10) Natural disasters and their prevention and control.
Vertical joints are developed in loess with large porosity. The artificial excavation of the slope destroyed the stability of the slope topography.
Rainstorm is easy to induce loess collapse on sloping land; Rain infiltration is easy to form a sliding surface between bedrock and loess, resulting in loess landslide.
44.( 10) Environmental protection
Change characteristics: 1976- 1986, the number of wetland patches increased obviously, the wetland was broken, and the wetland area decreased greatly.
From 1986 to 2005, the number and area of wetland patches decreased obviously, and the wetland shrank.
Disadvantages: the water retention capacity is weakened; Microclimate deterioration; Vegetation coverage decreased; Soil erosion is intensified; Destruction of ecological balance; Decrease of biological habitat; Decrease of biological species (quantity), etc.
45.( 15)
(1) Qimeng is a management system formulated by the Qing government for Mongolia. Tribes and tribal alliances are the social and political organizations of grassland nomads themselves.
(2) On the basis of respecting Mongolian social traditions, the social and political features of grassland have been transformed; Weakened the power of Mongolian nobles and strengthened the management of grassland by Qing government; Conducive to local social stability and economic development; Consolidate the foundation of Qing dynasty rule; Make the unified multi-ethnic country more consolidated.
46.( 15)
(1) Same as: Oppose autocracy; Sovereignty belongs to the people; Balance of power. (3 points)
Different: the separation of powers between Britain and the United States, Sun Yat-sen advocated "separation of five powers" (five-power constitution); Sun Yat-sen emphasized direct civil rights and realized constitutionalism in stages. (4 points)
(2) The essence of Sun Yat-sen's political guiding ideology is that sovereignty belongs to the people, which reflects the social and political situation in China at that time, and its goal is to realize direct civil rights; The Kuomintang's long-term practice of "political discipline" is essentially dictatorship, which violates Sun Yat-sen's political discipline thought. (8 points)
47.( 15)
(1) border ①: Germany is ready to launch a war of aggression; The Soviet Union protects itself; The Soviet Union and Germany signed a secret agreement to carve up Poland;
Border ②: The Soviet Union and Germany invaded Poland respectively, and Poland perished; The Soviet Union split Poland. (7 points)
(2) The victory of the anti-fascist war and the defeat of Germany; The victorious country decided to change the borders of Europe; Stabilize the Polish border; With the color of big country politics. (8 points)
48.( 15)
(1) Before the Revolution of 1911, in order to learn from North Korea, it was necessary to borrow traditional cultural resources, which played a positive role in the Revolution of 1911, but ignored the negative factors in traditional culture. Later, the total denial of traditional culture was conducive to promoting the new culture movement, but it was overkill.
(2) The Revolution of 1911 was a victory, but it was not complete; The national crisis is getting deeper and deeper; The rise of the new culture movement.