How to cultivate the innovative and entrepreneurial abilities of higher vocational students
In recent years, difficulty in finding a job has become a common pressure on college students and has become the focus of social attention. Under this circumstance, the self-employment employment model led by self-employment has become a new model for graduates to achieve employment, and innovation and entrepreneurship education has become a new orientation for employment guidance. At the same time, carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities is also a need for my country's economic restructuring and the establishment of an innovative country.
1 The current situation of innovation and entrepreneurship among students in higher vocational colleges
1.1 The innovation and entrepreneurship abilities of students in higher vocational colleges are generally poor
Due to the student resource situation of higher vocational colleges, As a result, higher vocational students generally have poor basic knowledge. It takes a lot of time and energy to acquire solid professional knowledge, which makes it impossible to carry out academic research, publish papers or apply for patents. Students from the author’s college have participated in the past two national “Challenge Cup” College Students Extracurricular Academic Science and Technology Works Competition and Entrepreneurship Plan Competition Chongqing Division Competition. They have won the highest awards and the largest number among more than 30 higher vocational colleges in the city, but higher vocational colleges have Colleges generally have fewer awards and lower rankings. Generally speaking, there are still big gaps and deficiencies compared with undergraduate colleges, which shows that higher vocational colleges generally have poor innovation and entrepreneurial capabilities.
1.2 The number of students starting businesses in higher vocational colleges is small, and the success rate is low
According to the statistics of the questionnaire survey on innovation and entrepreneurship of higher vocational students conducted by the author’s college, graduates have Entrepreneurial intention accounted for 15.2, but it is far lower than the national average of 39.5. Higher vocational students are not very interested in entrepreneurship, and even fewer have the courage to start a business. According to the author's understanding, in recent years, the number of graduates from my school who have started their own businesses is extremely small.
2 The main reasons for the insufficient innovation and entrepreneurship ability of students in higher vocational colleges
2.1 The lag in innovation and entrepreneurship education for higher vocational students
Although innovation and entrepreneurship education is very important, However, entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in my country was developed relatively late, starting more than ten years later than in developed countries abroad. The innovation and entrepreneurship education in higher vocational colleges has only begun in the past two years, and the current entrepreneurship education is generally based on the "Entrepreneurship Plan Competition" in the second classroom. Very few higher vocational colleges have included innovation and entrepreneurship education. Go to the first classroom of the school. Although the college where the author works has included the "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education for College Students" course into the college's unified elective courses, it has not yet integrated innovation and entrepreneurship education into the entire teaching system and talent training plan, nor has it cultivated innovative and entrepreneurial talents in the "whole process" . On the other hand, the lack of teachers is an important reason affecting innovation and entrepreneurship education. Currently, there are almost no teachers specializing in innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students in higher vocational colleges.
2.2 Lack of a strong campus innovation and entrepreneurship atmosphere
In order to enrich students' spare time life and improve students' comprehensive quality, higher vocational colleges have carried out a variety of second classroom activities, but with There are few activities with the theme of innovation and entrepreneurship. The author’s college carries out more than 60 second class activities every year, but there are only three activities related to innovation and entrepreneurship every year. However, the number of participants in the activities is smaller than other activities, and the quality of the works is Compared with undergraduate colleges, innovation and entrepreneurship education belongs to "elite education" in higher vocational colleges and has not yet been integrated into the spare time life of ordinary college students. The school has not created an innovation and entrepreneurship atmosphere that is conducive to the healthy growth of college students, and it is difficult to cultivate and strengthen students' innovation and entrepreneurship abilities in campus activities.
Discussion on 3 Countermeasures
3.1 Change educational values ??and cultivate students that society needs.
The first is to change the traditional educational values. Due to insufficient ideological understanding, many higher vocational colleges have not integrated innovation and entrepreneurship education into the overall education and teaching of the school, and have not established mechanisms and systems for student innovation and entrepreneurship based on the actual situation of the school. The main function of education is to deliver talents to society. At present, the country and society need innovative and entrepreneurial talents. Colleges and universities have the obligation and responsibility to cultivate talents with innovative and entrepreneurial awareness and ability. Based on this educational value, students Only by incorporating innovative and entrepreneurial abilities into talent training goals and implementing them can we promote the cultivation of students' innovative and entrepreneurial abilities.
3.2 Strengthen the construction of the first classroom main position of innovation and entrepreneurship education
First, build a theoretical curriculum system for innovation and entrepreneurship. To incorporate innovation and entrepreneurship courses into various professional training plans, it is necessary to explore aspects such as curriculum setting, teaching content, teaching methods, and teaching means. Student innovation and entrepreneurship education is a "whole process" education during school, which requires innovation and entrepreneurship education throughout the entire process from freshman enrollment to graduation.
The second is to strengthen practical courses. Deepen "school-enterprise cooperation", carry out activities such as "students enter enterprises and enterprises enter schools", and often invite successful entrepreneurs to go to schools to give lectures on innovation and entrepreneurship to build students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship. The "job internship" stage is used to allow students to go deep into the enterprise, understand how to start a business, how to manage the business and other business operations, integrate into the corporate culture, and lay the foundation for students to start their own businesses after graduation.
The third is to strengthen the construction of teachers. To carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education, we must have a team of teachers with high quality, professional skills, caring and dedication. When introducing teachers, schools should appropriately introduce some teachers in this field, actively encourage teachers to carry out scientific research on innovation and entrepreneurship, support teachers to go deep into enterprises to carry out entrepreneurial practices, build a team of innovative and entrepreneurial teachers, and promote innovation and entrepreneurship education in schools.
3.3 Strengthen the role of the second classroom in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship education
The second classroom education is also indispensable as a supplement to students’ innovation and entrepreneurship education. Currently, the second classroom in higher vocational colleges When the first classroom has not yet comprehensively carried out innovation and entrepreneurship education, the role of the second classroom is particularly important.
First, strengthen the construction of academic science and technology student associations. Academic science and technology societies are highly academic and scientific, help improve students' practical innovation abilities, and help create an academic atmosphere. The author's school currently has 3 academic science and technology clubs, with hundreds of students participating. Their performance in the annual "Science and Technology Activity Week", "Academic Science and Technology Works Competition", and "Entrepreneurship Plan Competition" has improved year by year and achieved good results. . Strengthening the development of such societies will help cultivate students' interest in innovation and entrepreneurship and improve their ability to innovate and entrepreneurship.
The second is to promote the construction of entrepreneurial parks for college students. Entrepreneurship parks are entrepreneurship parks developed by schools in a full-scale environment. Students can enhance their professional practical skills and innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities in starting their own physical companies. However, vocational colleges generally do not have entrepreneurship parks. The Entrepreneurship Park is not only a school entrepreneurship practice base, but also a platform for experience exchange and entrepreneurial ability guidance. Experts, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs inside and outside the school can be hired to provide entrepreneurship training for on-campus entrepreneurship students, and to help entrepreneurial teams analyze and solve entrepreneurship problems. Problems that arise during the process are difficult. At the same time, all students in the school can visit and study in the Entrepreneurship Park to cultivate entrepreneurial enthusiasm and improve entrepreneurial abilities in a real environment. How do vocational schools cultivate students’ innovation and entrepreneurship abilities?
Profiteering projects with advanced thinking and awesome technologies = money-making machines.
First choose an industry, which has a large market capacity and is best supported by national policies. ;
Secondly, innovation does not require you to study the latest cutting-edge technology, but in this industry, you have to be better than others and create innovation tactically
Thirdly, you have to use What is the promotion tool? Whoever can attract attention in this world will be awesome. If the focus of the world is brought to you, you are Jack Ma! How to strengthen the cultivation of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship abilities
1. Really experience the company's operating process, practice or internship
2. Innovation should be oriented to solving needs, not behind closed doors in the classroom
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3. Read more about success and the stories behind it, especially the difficulties in the early stages of starting a business
This is a big question, but I will briefly explain it
1. Addition and subtraction. If you encounter any problem or see what others have done, you can further improve it by adding something or subtracting certain programs to achieve an extraordinary effect. For example, a very popular example recently: selling watermelons. A whole watermelon was sold for 5 yuan, but no one wanted it. Later, it was divided into two parts, and a spoon was added for 5 yuan and a half. It was quickly sold out.
2. Reverse thinking. When many people are working in popular fields, can you think about the unpopular ones? For example: Many people make weight loss products, so can you choose weight gain products?
3. For more methods, privately contact me to communicate with you
I hope you will adopt it, thank you~~
After all, college students have social qualifications Insufficient experience, drive, but no capital. Insufficient social experience. Many things can only be visioned but cannot be realized. My personal suggestion is to go out more and go to actual large companies for simulated system training. Situation of their interests and hobbies. Because one day when you step out of society, you need to start a business and face many risks, especially when it comes to business. It varies from person to person, some succeed and some fail, but it always requires hard work and joy, and you have to pay more than ten times more blood and sweat than ordinary people. If you If you want to start a business, you can first make a business plan, combine your own advantages, use your own professional skills to conduct a professional risk assessment, tell this to your friends, and see if they can accept it. Secondly, you need to find a team. You may not be a technical genius, but if you need a technical talent, you must be able to find someone you can trust. Now is the information age, and you can ask others to use the Internet to help you find popular industries. It is recommended that you use your own professional skills to do things faster
Hello, can you download Qi Bufan from Baidu? He is an expert in this field. How to cultivate the innovative ability and creativity of college students
1 The concept and significance of innovation
Innovation is a conceptualization process characterized by new thinking, new descriptions, and new inventions. Contains three meanings: first, update. Second, change. Third, create something new. Innovation ability refers to the ability to creatively solve problems based on target tasks. Innovation ability consists of innovative consciousness, innovative thinking, innovative skills, innovative spirit, etc.
Innovation consciousness refers to people’s motivation to create new things or new ideas according to the needs of the environment, and their desires, intentions and assumptions expressed in this process. Innovation consciousness is the inner motivation and starting point for people to carry out creative activities. It is also a prerequisite for innovative thinking and creativity. Innovative thinking is the thinking process of solving problems in new ways, proposing different solutions and producing new meaningful results. Its essence is to elevate the awareness of innovation from perceptual desire to rational exploration. Innovation skills refer to the ability to process information, hands-on and operational abilities, as well as the ability to skillfully master and apply innovative technologies and expressions of innovative results, etc. Innovation skills are a direct reflection of innovation ability. The spirit of innovation is a spirit of daring to take risks and forge ahead, which requires a high sense of responsibility and professionalism. The spirit of innovation is an important guarantee for cultivating innovative consciousness, exercising innovative thinking, and improving innovation capabilities.
Innovation is the driving force for a country’s prosperity, and some people regard innovation as the soul of a nation. Continuously cultivating the knowledge level and creative ability of the younger generation is an in-depth implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talent. Enhancing the innovation ability of contemporary college students is the only way to improve China's competitiveness today, and is of great significance to promoting China's national construction in the future. Therefore, cultivating the innovative consciousness and ability of contemporary college students is a practical problem that my country’s higher education must solve at this stage.
2 The Current Situation of Innovation of Contemporary College Students
People in the college era are energetic and active in thinking, which is an important stage for cultivating innovative ability; however, the innovative ability of Chinese college students is compared with that of foreign college students. It is still relatively low, mainly reflected in the following aspects.
2.1 Lack of innovation awareness
Although today’s college students can quickly accumulate and master knowledge and experience, they are increasingly dissatisfied with ready-made conclusions and are interested in exploring the cause-and-effect relationships of things. regularity, more and more interest, and their ability to think independently and judge independently has begun to gradually develop. However, due to reasons such as our country’s education system and social environment, college students’ curiosity has not been well protected and has not been allowed to They develop their own sense of innovation.
In addition, our country's college students still have deficiencies in the speed and breadth of observation, the integrity and generality of observation, the acuity and profundity of observation, and the planning and flexibility of observation. They often dare not propose different viewpoints and methods and do not want to be unconventional.
2.2 Lack of innovative skills
With the continuous accumulation of knowledge and experience, college students' imagination has gradually become richer, and their thinking ability has developed to a great extent. However, due to the narrow scope of knowledge and the lack of horizontal connection and integration between the knowledge learned, there is no good innovation skills, and it is difficult to turn the inspiration into reality. Long-term exam-oriented education has restricted the development of college students' innovative abilities, which eventually evolved into a lack of innovative skills.
2.3 Lack of innovative perseverance
Through external guidance and independent learning, college students have a certain enthusiasm for innovation. But the actual situation is that many people have unclear innovation goals and lack a comprehensive understanding of society and the ability to communicate with the outside world. As a result, although many people are not satisfied with the status quo, they often just complain and rarely take actual actions. Some college students often end up in the process of actual work and lack the spirit of perseverance.
3 Cultivation of innovative capabilities
Progress in all aspects of society and the development of science and technology rely on continuous innovation in related fields. To innovate, talents are needed, especially young and talented people. Talents with rich knowledge and innovative abilities are constantly emerging. Under the overall strategic plan of the country to build an innovative country, it is the general trend for college students to take the initiative to cultivate their innovative abilities. Based on the above deployment and combined with the author's own university practical experience, the following suggestions are given for how college students can cultivate their innovative abilities.
3.1 Master basic knowledge and cultivate innovative thinking methods
Innovative thinking is the source of human innovation ability. To have innovative thinking, you must first have a reasonable knowledge structure. Therefore, a good knowledge structure is a prerequisite for cultivating innovative capabilities. Good basic knowledge plays an important role in researching new discoveries. During college, college students must have a solid foundation of basic knowledge. Basic subjects such as mathematics, English, and computers, as well as the basic courses required by this major, are all things that college students should study hard. Well and firmly grasped. However, we must be careful not to give up on the extension of knowledge and the discovery of new knowledge just because we immerse ourselves in the study of basic knowledge, otherwise we will fall into the quagmire of one-sided theory. The emergence of a new invention is often inseparable from innovative thinking habits and learning spirit. College students should strive to find their own interests and convey their interests to others. A scientific attitude is very important. When thinking about a problem, you need to concentrate and really delve into every level of the problem, otherwise the inspiration will slip away in an instant. To learn to use reverse thinking to think about problems, you should also cultivate your own intuition, because many times a new discovery is inspired by intuition and inspiration. Try to use innovative thinking methods to discover, think about, and solve problems, provide timely feedback during activities, and achieve useful results.
3.2 Be diligent in observation and experimentation to create an innovative atmosphere
Observation is a high-level expression of perception, which is purposeful and planned. Experiments are an important way to train college students' observation ability and cultivate their innovative consciousness. It is suggested that the training programs of colleges and universities can increase the proportion of experimental courses in the total class hours. Students majoring in science and engineering are required to do natural science experiments related to professional courses; students majoring in liberal arts are required to arrange various investigations and studies; students majoring in art are required to complete design and production. The construction of an innovative environment cannot be achieved overnight; it is a long-term task. Creating an innovative atmosphere in universities cannot rely solely on the efforts of an organization or individual. It requires the state and government to formulate standardized innovation encouragement policies and necessary material investment. The key is that college students must actively participate. Therefore, college students should take the initiative to build their own innovative groups in dormitory culture, class culture, and club organization culture; they should actively make good use of the excellent environment and various hard and software environmental resources in the university that can cultivate and inspire innovative inspiration, not only It is limited to activities on the university campus, but also takes the initiative to go out into the society.
3.3 Participate in scientific research projects and practice innovative skills
In the current actual teaching, college students’ daily learning and practice are more of just some verification activities, and they rarely have the opportunity to participate Specific scientific research projects and topics. Foreign experience has proven that allowing students to choose research topics and participate in relevant scientific research content can effectively improve college students' ability to discover problems in scientific research and then adopt corresponding approaches and methods to solve problems based on what they have learned. Therefore, no matter it is the country, society or school, no matter what channel it is. In short, certain scientific research projects should be provided to college students every year. By participating in scientific research projects, college students can gradually master the main steps and basic methods of scientific research, from selecting topics and project establishment, collecting and reviewing data, to conceiving and formulating plans, writing academic articles, publishing and communicating, etc. In addition, some students with strong abilities can also be allowed to serve as teachers' scientific research assistants and participate in the teachers' research projects. Join the teacher's project team, assist the teacher in doing some work, and if possible, undertake some sub-topic research. This can greatly improve college students' abilities in all aspects. For example, language expression ability, ability to obtain application information, ability to analyze and solve problems, etc. In addition, you can further deepen your understanding of the relevant basic theories you have learned, understand the development trends and cutting-edge dynamics of the discipline, broaden your research ideas, and find scientific research methods that suit you, so that you can develop in-depth professionally in the future. Under the guidance of teachers and through such "influence", it will lay the foundation for college students to independently undertake scientific research projects in the future.
4 Conclusion
In today's world, science and technology are changing with each passing day. Innovation has become a key factor in the development of a country and society. Vigorously promoting scientific and technological innovation to promote social progress is the common goal of the whole society. responsibility. Contemporary college students are an important part of the national innovation strategic goals. College students must take action, actively respond to the country’s call, strengthen the cultivation of their own comprehensive quality and innovation ability, and use what they have learned to contribute to the prosperity of the country and the prosperity of the Chinese nation. make its due contribution to the revival. What innovative and entrepreneurial abilities should be cultivated
1. Use projects and societies as carriers to enhance innovation awareness and entrepreneurial spirit
Encourage students to creatively engage in various social practice activities and social welfare activities , through conducting entrepreneurship education lectures, as well as various competitions, activities, etc., an "entrepreneurship education" practice group based on majors and organized in the form of projects and societies has been formed to stimulate the innovative consciousness and entrepreneurial spirit of college students. Using clubs as a carrier, we should give full play to the main role of college students and organize activities such as entrepreneurship salons and entrepreneurship skills competitions. Give full play to students' self-service and self-education functions and cultivate students' entrepreneurial abilities.
2. Construct an entrepreneurship education curriculum system to cultivate students’ entrepreneurial abilities
Establish an education curriculum that incorporates entrepreneurship education content. Consider using entrepreneurial cases for teaching in the classroom to provide students with intuitive and Vividly demonstrate the entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial methods, processes and rules of successful entrepreneurs, cultivate students' good awareness of self-entrepreneurship, and establish new employment concepts; inspire students' entrepreneurial ideas and broaden their entrepreneurial horizons; cultivate students' basic qualities and abilities for entrepreneurship and quality.
3. Create environmental courses
Set up an "Entrepreneurship Park" on campus. Students can submit project applications. After the program is approved, students will start some on-campus companies or companies based on their own abilities. Doing business on campus, etc.
Or the school organizes a simulation company to combine the cultivation of students' practical abilities and professional skills with entrepreneurship. Its operating procedures are in line with corporate behavior and provide students with a platform to experience entrepreneurship. For soft environments such as career guidance, departments should establish an entrepreneurial guidance group composed of teachers with rich entrepreneurial experience, business managers and venture capital experts to provide students with appropriate advice during the entrepreneurial process, thereby preventing students from blindly starting their own businesses. In the actual operation process, the construction of an entrepreneurial environment requires cooperation among various departments of the school and simultaneous progress.
4. Strengthen entrepreneurial practice activities and cultivate students’ entrepreneurial abilities
College students participate in various professional competitions and scientific research activities, such as the "Challenge Cup" Chinese College Students Extracurricular Science and Technology Works Competition and Entrepreneurship plan competition Entrepreneurship plan competition is very beneficial to enhance the awareness of innovation, exercise and improve observation, thinking, imagination and hands-on ability.
Only by creating a strong atmosphere of scientific and technological innovation among college students can more innovative talents emerge. Practice can best train and cultivate a person's talents. Only by looking more, thinking more, asking more, remembering more, testing repeatedly, investigating repeatedly, constantly summarizing, and learning lessons can we find out the true knowledge from practice. How to improve the innovative and entrepreneurial abilities of college students
Social practice is an important part of quality education for college students, which shows that in this diversified society, the cultivation of college students' innovative practical abilities is closely linked to their growth and success. By strengthening the training of college students in social practice activities, it can help increase social experience and work experience, and further improve college students' entrepreneurial and employment abilities.
It is not recommended for college students to start a business. Without entrepreneurial experience, they are just scratching their heads. When crossing the river, I suggest you first go to work in some start-up companies and borrow other people’s boats to cross the river once or several times. One of the reasons is to learn, and the other is to get to know yourself