At present, the number of cars in the world has exceeded 600 million, and every thousand people in the world have 1 10 cars. The number of cars in the world is increasing at a rate of 30 million every year. It is predicted that by 2065.438+00, the number of cars in the world will increase to 654.38+0 billion. The number of cars in China has exceeded 6,543,800+million, and that in Harbin has reached more than 230,000, with an annual increase of 654.38+00%.
In the case of few vehicles, the self-purification ability of the atmosphere can still dissolve the toxins discharged by vehicles. However, at present, traffic jams have become commonplace, and the convenience, comfort and efficiency that cars should have are gradually offset by too many vehicles. "Car accident" has been formed, and automobile exhaust is more harmful.
What's in the tail gas
Scientific analysis shows that there are hundreds of different compounds in automobile exhaust, among which pollutants are solid suspended particles, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, lead and sulfur oxides. The harmful exhaust gas emitted by a car is three times its own weight a year, and the car is constantly consuming the resources of the earth. The fuel consumption of motor vehicles has become a bottomless pit that ruthlessly devours oil resources. At present, the gasoline used by automobiles accounts for about 1/3 of the global gasoline consumption.
Tail gas is harmful to people.
While cars consume a lot of resources, their exhaust gas will seriously affect human health. Carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust combines with hemoglobin in blood 250 times faster than oxygen. Therefore, even if a small amount of carbon monoxide is inhaled, it may cause terrible hypoxia damage to people. Light dizziness, headache, severe brain cells will be permanently damaged; Nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen compounds can cause irritation to susceptible people, leading to eye diseases and laryngitis. Benzopyrene contained in nitrogen and hydrogen compounds in tail gas is a carcinogen. It is a highly dispersed particle that can be suspended in the air for several days and nights and cannot be discharged after being inhaled by the human body. When it accumulates to a critical concentration, it will stimulate the formation of malignant tumors.
The data is shocking.
According to Zhang of Harbin Environmental Protection Bureau, from the data of carbon dioxide changes of motor vehicle pollution in Harbin in recent two years, we can see the trend of increasing pollution. The daily average value of carbon dioxide increased from 0. 1 mg/m3 in 2000 to 2.3 mg/m3, and the annual average value increased from 0.024 mg/m3 in 2000 to 0.049 mg/m3 in 2006. It is not difficult to see that the growth rate of automobile and exhaust pollution is much faster than that of motor vehicles.
Cars pollute the atmosphere and also cause noise pollution to the surrounding environment. In 200 1 year, traffic noise pollution accounts for 20. 1% of the total environmental noise, and the proportion of noise in densely populated areas is much higher than this.
Clean the gasoline jam.
Using clean gasoline is a direct measure to control automobile exhaust pollution. In February this year, our province issued a notice that all gas stations must use clean gasoline. There is still more than a month left. There are only a dozen gas stations in Harbin that use clean gasoline, such as Taiping, Zheng Xiang, Zhonglian and Xinfa. According to the relevant person from the Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, the national enforcement standard stipulates that detergent must be added to unleaded gasoline for vehicles at a ratio of two ten thousandths. This measure can reduce the annual vehicle exhaust emissions of Harbin by more than 654.38+10,000 tons.
Clean gasoline has a good environmental protection effect, why can't it be popularized in our province? According to Jia Yongqiang, Heilongjiang Sales Branch of China Petroleum, the company has more than 900 gas stations, and the use of clean gasoline will make the oil price rise by nearly 100 yuan per ton, and drivers don't buy it.
There is an urgent need to "lock" the tail gas.
Environmental protection and energy conservation are major issues facing mankind in today's and future economic and social development. Today, with a high awareness of environmental protection, controlling waste gas pollution should be mentioned in a very important position.
In air pollution, the harm of automobile exhaust to the environment is enormous. According to experts, the measures that must be taken to control automobile exhaust include: compulsory scrapping of old cars within a certain period of time, compulsory promotion of EFI cars, compulsory use of unleaded gasoline, compulsory installation of three-way catalytic converters and other powerful measures, so that automobile exhaust emissions can be controlled to a certain extent.
It is understood that China's testing standards for automobile exhaust are close to the level of developed countries. Relevant departments said that compulsory measures must be taken to ensure that automobile exhaust emissions are controlled within the prescribed range.
Stay away from cars for outdoor sports and don't exercise too late.
Running and exercising every day is good for body and mind, but if the time and place are not chosen properly, I am afraid it will not be health but disease, because passing cars will produce a lot of particles that damage the function of respiratory tract and alveoli and can lead to cancer.
Pan Xiaochuan of Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine pointed out that air pollution poses a growing threat to people's health, and 70% of these toxic gases come from automobile exhaust. According to medical research and analysis, the main chemical components of automobile exhaust are sulfur dioxide, sulfur monoxide, nitrogen oxides and lead. It can cause respiratory infection and asthma, reduce lung function, and even cause emphysema in severe cases. Lead in automobile exhaust is generally distributed in the area around the ground 1 m, which is just the breathing zone of teenagers, so lead pollution is more harmful to teenagers. At present, many cities like Beijing fully implement the use of unleaded gasoline, but a large number of freight vehicles entering the city at night use diesel engines, and the lead-containing exhaust gas emitted by them still pollutes the whole city. Moreover, the first photochemical reaction of pollutants under the action of sunlight (ultraviolet rays) will produce secondary pollution, forming a smog pollution phenomenon, which is called photochemical smog. The composition of photochemical smog is complex, and its harm to people and animals is mainly manifested in irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, headache, respiratory disorders, deterioration of chronic respiratory diseases, and abnormal lung function in children. Experts suggest that outdoor sports should be as far away from traffic trunk lines as possible. Therefore, for your health, you should change the habit of running on the sidewalks of overpasses or busy sections. Don't exercise too late, because after 9 o'clock in the evening, large diesel cars enter the city, and the pollution on the road is several times that during the day.
"Automobile exhaust" has become the chief culprit of air pollution.
Air pollution is considered as a public hazard. The more developed countries, the more serious the pollutants emitted by automobile exhaust, which has become the chief culprit of air pollution and aroused public anger.
In recent years, China's automobile industry has developed rapidly, and the social ownership has exceeded140,000 vehicles. Cars are mainly concentrated in cities and become the main source of urban air pollutants. An important reason for photochemical smog in some urban areas is that hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted by automobiles form toxic smog through the action of sunlight and ultraviolet rays. Its prominent harm is to stimulate people's eyes and upper respiratory mucosa, cause inflammation, seriously cause asthma, headache, emphysema and other diseases, and even damage vision and central nervous system.
According to local monitoring and analysis, automobile exhaust emissions have accounted for about 85% of air pollution sources. For example, the daily over-standard rate of sulfur dioxide concentration in the central area of Beijing is 10% to 15%, and the daily over-standard rate of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides is 60% to 70%. At the maximum concentration, the air pollution exceeds the national secondary standard 1 to 3 times. Hydrocarbons emitted by motor vehicles in Shanghai account for more than 56% of the total emissions; Nitrogen and fluorine compounds account for more than 20%; Motor vehicles in Sichuan emit 1.42 million tons of carbon monoxide and more than 600,000 tons of other harmful substances every year, and 80% of carbon monoxide and 90% of nitrogen and hydrogen compounds come from motor vehicle emissions. It can be seen that controlling air pollution and automobile exhaust is the top priority.
According to the level of modern science and technology and some foreign practices, it is an ideal way to reduce automobile exhaust pollution by using gas fuel and implementing "clean" production. Because gas fuel contains less impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen, it burns completely, which can significantly reduce the emission of automobile pollutants and is welcomed by all countries in the world. According to relevant data, at present, the annual consumption of liquefied gas for gas vehicles worldwide has reached more than 5 million tons, and the number of gas vehicles has reached 5.2 million. 90% of urban taxis in Japan have switched to liquefied gas as fuel.
In recent two years, China's gas vehicles have developed rapidly. By 1997, there were more than 800 gas vehicles in China, and now it has increased to more than 4,500, and the number of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas stations established has also increased from the initial 10 to 68. In order to further promote the development of gas vehicles; China has set up a national coordination leading group for gas vehicles, which is composed of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Public Security and other relevant departments, and identified nine cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Haikou, Xi, Harbin, Urumqi, Shenzhen and Mianyang, Sichuan, as "pilot demonstration cities for the popularization and application of gas vehicles". There are indications that the development of gas vehicles in China has entered a new stage.
The developing gas vehicles are called environmental protection vehicles and green vehicles, which are highly valued by all localities, and their development, modification, popularization and application are increasing day by day. In recent years, Beijing has issued 19 emergency measures to prevent and control air pollution, focusing on controlling soot, gas vehicles and dust pollution, vigorously promoting gas vehicles for buses and taxis and stepping up the construction of gas stations. Shanghai has increased investment and plans to build 70 new gas stations this year; On the basis of refitting more than 3,000 taxis' gas devices, accelerating the pace of refitting and popularizing will enable more than 40,000 taxis in the city to realize fuel gasification within four years. More than 5,000 vehicles in Chengdu have been treated for automobile exhaust pollution. Starting from this year, Chengdu, Mianyang and Deyang, as three demonstration cities of automobile fuel gasification in Sichuan, must all be converted into natural gas vehicles within two years. Many cities, such as Guangzhou, Kunming, Guiyang, Xi and Harbin, are strengthening the control of automobile exhaust and vigorously promoting the use of gas vehicles.
The "culprits" of lead pollution are all hidden, and 70% of teenagers in Shenzhen have exceeded the standard in blood lead.
Recently, Shenzhen Education Bureau, Shenzhen Branch of Chinese Medical Association, and International Research Association of Trace Elements in Human Body jointly launched a half-month "Blood Lead Test for Ten Thousand People" among some primary and secondary school and kindergarten students in Shenzhen. The test results show that two-thirds of teenagers in Shenzhen exceed the standard. Experts pointed out that the lead pollution of automobile exhaust and lead-containing toys is becoming more and more serious, which is the "culprit" that harms the physical and mental health of teenagers.
It is understood that the test subjects are all children in kindergartens directly under Shenzhen, as well as students from 6 middle schools and 5 primary schools in Luohu and Longgang District. Experts from China Trace Element Lead Research Association pointed out that excessive inhalation of lead in children leads to lead poisoning, and the main symptoms are hyperactivity, slow response, behavioral function change, simulated learning difficulties, dyskinesia, impulsiveness, decreased spatial comprehensive ability, increased invasiveness and anemia. In order to prevent lead poisoning, we should improve our environment and attach importance to environmental protection. In personal prevention, we should pay attention to family hygiene, open windows for ventilation, and try to avoid teenagers from touching lead-containing toys.
Where did you get so much lead poisoning?
The increasingly serious environmental lead pollution is the root cause of lead poisoning in children. Lead poisoning comes from inevitable industrial waste gas, leaded gasoline, automobile exhaust gas, coal burning, waste gas and wastewater discharged from iron and steel metallurgy and chemical plants, leaded containers, toys and home decoration materials? Paint, paint? Cigarette smoke, cosmetics? Lipstick and talcum powder? Metal tableware, food pollution? Such as popcorn, preserved eggs, etc. Similar to the wall of Yixing teapot, it is breathable and airtight. Only oil-gas mixture is permeated, but soot particles are not permeated. It costs 2000 dollars each, which is expensive and difficult to clean. It needs special tools and professionals from professional factories to clean, and the cleaning price is also high. Short working hours, full load of 8 hours will be covered with soot particles, blocking the passage and unable to work. Installation can only be carried out after replacement and cleaning. Will increase the use cost. So it has not been popularized so far. When it comes to the quality of exhaust gas treatment of gasoline vehicles, first of all, it depends on whether it can meet the prescribed treatment standards of different levels implemented in different periods. For example, the 93 standard stipulated by the state in the past is the current national I standard, that is, 40-50% of pollutants emitted by the whole vehicle; As a national II standard, it corresponds to the European I standard, that is, 50-60% of the pollutants emitted by the whole vehicle; As a national III standard, corresponding to the European II standard, vehicles are required to emit 60-70% pollutants; At present, the national IV standard implemented in Beijing and Shanghai corresponds to the European III standard, which stipulates that the whole vehicle emits 70-80% pollutants; At present, the Euro IV standard being implemented by the United States and Europe is 80-90% of the pollutants emitted by the whole vehicle; Private enterprises in China installed on Japanese cars were commissioned by Taiwanese businessmen to develop automobile exhaust reburning tanks. The Japanese scroll engine and international standard three-way catalytic converter reached the Euro V standard, 90-95%. However, more than 300 kinds of gasoline vehicle exhaust gas treatment devices developed abroad all have specific names of pollutants in the corresponding parts. The highest emission efficiency of most pollutants is 5%, and most of them are below 3%. Among the 300 devices, 7 devices can achieve the treatment effect of more than 10% of pollutants discharged by the whole vehicle. Known as the most traditional, classic and completely textbook equipment, it has the highest governance effect. They are 1, and the treatment effect of the first developed activated carbon tank from qualified products to high-quality products is15-20% of the pollutants discharged by the whole vehicle; The control effect of the activated carbon tank loaded by Ford Motor Company 1987 is 25%. 2. The control effect of the positive crankcase ventilation metering valve, namely PCV valve, is 35-40%. 3. And the outdoor fresh air breathing compensator designed for PCV valve, that is, the ventilation and inhalation device. The control effect of vehicle emission pollutants is10-15%; These two devices 2 and 3 are designed and cast in the engine, and the total treatment efficiency is 45-55%; 4. Exhaust gas circulates in the combustion device, and the pollutant emitted by the whole vehicle is10%; The four-piece device converts unburned waste gas into waste gas by discharging it into the exhaust manifold before or after combustion in the engine, and the oil-gas mixture mixed with unburned and unburned gas returns to the cylinder for secondary combustion, so as to make it burn cleanly and achieve the purpose of treating waste gas to the maximum extent. This is the cleanest and most effective way of governance; The other 5, secondary oxygen supply device, the treatment efficiency is10% of the pollutants discharged by the whole vehicle; 6. The thermal reactor works together with the secondary oxygen supply device, and the total treatment efficiency of the two devices is15%; 7. Three-way catalytic converter, I mean the international standard three-way catalytic converter, which is called the representative of the highest technology in the contemporary era. The treatment efficiency is10-15%; None of them can meet the above Euro I to Euro IV standards, let alone Euro V standards. They all need to be used together to meet any international standards. The automobile exhaust reburning tank commissioned by Taiwanese businessmen and developed by domestic private enterprises is a series of devices. They transplanted the first four devices with reburning function, which were designed and cast in the engine earlier, from the engine to the outside of the engine, and adopted the method of treating internal diseases from the outside, transforming the deformation to the point where only the functional effect was retained and the embryonic form was not seen, and then designed them one by one into an improved Ford activated carbon tank loaded in 1987, and developed the reburning tank. In particular, they designed two sets of oil-gas-water separation and decomposition devices installed at the top and bottom of the activated carbon tank. The quantitative timing control valve box installed at the top of the activated carbon tank designed by them is completely different from the activated carbon tank, and the tail gas is quantitatively and regularly controlled to be fed into the cylinder for reburning treatment to achieve the best treatment effect. It can solve most of the problems of "sudden drop of cylinder temperature, flameout and reburning difficulty" caused by the coexistence of three series of exhaust cycles designed outside China of combustion device for many years. The treatment efficiency of pollutants discharged by the whole vehicle reaches 70-80%; Finally, when they infiltrated their own "aerospace combustion-supporting and explosion-proof additives" into granular activated carbon particles, the volume expanded by 6-8 times within 72 hours, and the treatment effect reached 85-90% of the pollutants discharged by the whole vehicle, that is, the Euro IV standard. When used in combination with the international standard three-way catalytic converter, the treatment effect can reach the Euro V emission standard. It is the treatment device with the highest treatment effect at present, and has obtained the environmental protection certification of RAB Europe in the United States. The highest patented treatment device and technology won the gold medal in the 4th China International Patent and Famous Brand Expo.