Editor's Note At the academic report meeting held by the Eighth Academician Conference of China Academy of Engineering, academicians of China Academy of Engineering and foreign academicians of China Academy of Engineering made academic reports successively. It is an important work of China Academy of Engineering to carry out academic exchange activities around the frontier of world engineering science and technology development. Through academic exchanges, the vast number of scientific and technological personnel in China can quickly grasp the current situation and level of world engineering science and technology, and promote the progress and development of engineering science and technology in China. Today, we invite Wu, vice president of China Academy of Engineering, to give a report on the current situation and innovation of information technology development in China. At the same time, we also selected the reports of three newly elected foreign academicians of the China Academy of Engineering: William, President of the National Academy of Engineering? Wolf's report "Challenges Faced by International Engineering in 2 1 Century", by Alec, President of the Royal Academy of Engineering? Bruce's report "University Curriculum for Training Future Technologists" and Satoshi Omura's report "Amazing Gift from the Micro World-Avermectin".
In the new century, almost all innovative countries in the world regard the development of information technology as their national strategic focus. With the rapid development and popularization of information technology, information industry has become a pillar industry in China, and its scale ranks second in the world. But the industry is big but not strong, so we must change the situation that the core technology of China's information industry is controlled by people as soon as possible. China aims to build an innovative country, and takes mastering the independent intellectual property rights of the core technologies of equipment manufacturing and information industry as a breakthrough to improve national competitiveness. Although there are still many gaps between the overall level of informatization in China and the international advanced level, in recent years, China has made gratifying breakthroughs in some key information technology fields with great influence. The report introduces China's progress and innovation in these fields from six aspects: advanced integrated circuit chips and optoelectronic devices, high-performance computers and software, next-generation Internet and information security, third-generation mobile communication and wireless communication, digital TV and audio-video coding, and application of information technology in industry.
In terms of microelectronics technology, its development has been following Moore's law for decades, that is, the integration level doubles every 18 months on average, the size decreases by 1000 times in 30 years, and the performance increases by 1000 times. Because the technical limit of CMOS (metal oxide semiconductor) is constantly being broken, Moore's law will continue to play a role in the foreseeable decade. China's long-term rapid economic development has made China the second largest integrated circuit (IC) market in the world. However, at present, the self-sufficiency rate in the domestic market is less than 25%, especially the computer central processing unit (CPU), which represents the ic level, and the domestic technology gap is even greater. In recent years, China's microelectronics has made a breakthrough in key technologies, and successfully developed 863 CPU such as CIIC and Godson. Fortunately, with the 64-bit general-purpose high-performance CPU as the representative and Goodson as an example, the performance of Goodson -2 has obviously surpassed that of PII, and Goodson -2E is equivalent to P4 at the same frequency, but it still lags behind the international advanced level for several years in the core technology of independent property rights. At present, microelectronics technology has entered the era of nano-scale and on-chip system, and CPU clock has entered GHz. China has a strong overall system design capability, and the arrival of SOC era is an opportunity for China's integrated circuit industry to develop by leaps and bounds.
China has also made a breakthrough in photoelectric technology, and independently proposed and realized 40Gb/sDFB+EA (Charge Absorption Distributed Feedback Laser) and SOA+EA (Charge Absorption Semiconductor Optical Amplifier) which are superior to other existing structures. The internationally leading tunable long wavelength detectors have been developed, including silicon-based and GaAs-based vertical cavity RCE(*** cavity enhancement) and OMITMiC (one mirror tilted three mirror cavity) detectors for WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) optical fiber communication systems. In terms of all-solid-state laser technology, China has successfully developed a deep ultraviolet sextuple all-solid-state laser and a wide-tuned all-solid-state laser with independent intellectual property rights for the first time in the world.
Computer model/simulation, theoretical research and experiment are the three pillars of analyzing complex systems, and high-performance computing is paid more and more attention. There are four major trends in its technology development, namely, a large number of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies are adopted and customized technologies are developed at the same time, and high-performance computers and grid computing coexist, from "high performance" to "high performance", from high-performance computing (HPC) to high-performance services (HPS). At present, the blue gene, a large parallel machine with 367 trillion times per second developed by IBM in 2005, represents the international level. In recent years, China has made good achievements in the development of high-end computers, and famous products such as Shenwei, Yinhe, Shuguang and Shen Teng have appeared. Among the top 500 supercomputers in the world, Dawning 4000A ranked 10 in 2004, and China became the third country to manufacture and apply 10 trillion commercial high-performance computers after the United States and Japan.
With the development of computer, software becomes more and more complicated. If the software is 65438+ million lines of code in 197 1 and 7 million lines of code in 200 1, then the high credibility of the software becomes the key and focus of software system development and operation in the new environment. In 2002, the global software industry was $700 billion, and China only accounted for 1.9 1%. Foreign brands account for 95.3% of the system software in China market. Currently, this situation has changed. China's processing software keeps ahead in the world. We developed our own server operating system and realized the basic functions of desktop Linux operating system. Domestic office software products have made progress, but the development and transplantation of application software are insufficient. In the future, the promotion of e-government and open source code will bring unprecedented opportunities for software development in China.
Internet has changed from data service to real-time service such as telephone. Facing the challenges of quality of service (QOS), scalability and security, traditional telecom networks are also facing the pressure of broadband services, and network technology is on the eve of upgrading. In recent years, the Next Generation Internet (NGI) and the Next Generation Network (NGN) have become the hot spots of network development. China has also carried out research and experiments in NGI and NGN, the most important of which is the CNGI project (China's Next Generation Internet Demonstration Project), which has built the world's largest experimental IPv6 network. Different from NGI experiments abroad, CN-GI attaches importance to the research of systems and technologies supporting QOS due to the active participation of China telecom operators. Care about the support of wireless and mobile services; Focus on commercial applications and pay attention to the controllability of networks and services. The CNGI project was put forward for the first time in the world, encouraging research and experiments aimed at promoting the coordination between NGI and NGN in the direction of technological development, and developing network software, hardware and applications that support NGI and may be developed to NGN. CNGI is exploring the road to the integration of NGI and NGN.
With the development of social economy, people's lives are increasingly dependent on the Internet, and the importance and urgency of information security are increasingly prominent. Cryptography theory, cryptographic algorithms, security protocols, network security and information hiding technologies are developing rapidly. Our experts have made some innovative achievements in these fields. For example, the spectral characteristics of related immune Boolean functions called "Shaw-Marcy Theorem" by international peers. Another example is the binary pseudo-random sequence derived from the ring, which reveals the cryptographic properties of a new class of nonlinear resources in cryptographic design. China scholars put forward a new method to analyze Hash function-bit tracking method, which has a great influence in the world. In the domestic e-government market, the domestic PKI system has occupied the mainstream.
China has the largest mobile communication network in the world, and the current penetration rate is only the world average, so there is still a lot of room for development. However, the key technologies of existing mobile communication devices and terminals used on the Internet basically depend on foreign countries. The arrival of the third generation mobile communication (3G) era provides us with a rare opportunity. TD-WCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) proposed by China and adopted by ITU and 3G standardization organization 3GPP has become one of the three international 3G standards. It adopts time division duplex (TDD) mode and smart antenna technology with independent intellectual property rights. At present, the ongoing scale application technology test shows that its spectrum efficiency is better than that of frequency division duplex (FDMA).
The popularization and application of Internet and mobile communication promote the development of wireless technology. From WLAN to WMAN, one of the problems worthy of attention in WLAN/WMAN applications is authentication and security. The WAPI (Wireless Local Area Network Authentication and Security Infrastructure) standard proposed by China has solved this problem well, and its performance is better than the international standard 802.11i. In addition, China's proposed SCDMA technology is ahead of other wireless access technologies because of its excellent cost performance, and it has become the first choice for the rural "every village" project in China.
In the new century, the digitalization of radio and television has risen, and the digitalization of cable television, satellite television and terrestrial radio and television has developed rapidly. Another development trend of cable digital TV is IPTV using IP technology, and the new application field of digital TV terrestrial broadcasting technology is mobile TV. China's digital TV terrestrial wireless broadcasting system technology research is earlier, and many schemes have been put forward. Among them, the time-domain synchronous frequency-domain processing technology of pseudo-random sequence (PN) constitutes the basic invention patent, and its performance is better than that of the system implemented according to the three existing international standards of ITU. China has made gratifying innovations not only in channel processing technology but also in source coding technology. China has promulgated the AVS audio and video coding standard. Its compression efficiency is equivalent to the international standard MPEG-4/AVC, but its complexity is low. Some technologies of AVS have been absorbed into the corresponding international standards.
In the application of information technology, China has won the international university award and enterprise award in CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) technology popularization, and the agricultural information demonstration system and its application has won the United Nations award. China has formulated "EPA System Structure and Communication Specification for Measurement and Control System", which has been incorporated into international standards, indicating that China has internationally recognized core technology in the field of industrial automation fieldbus. The application of information technology in industry can penetrate into every link from equipment control, process management, manufacturing to enterprise resource optimization and decision support, which has great development and application space. In this respect, Angang is a good example of applying information technology to transform old enterprises and improve market competitiveness.
As an important symbol of modern scientific and technological revolution, the development of information technology is in the ascendant, and it is infiltrating into all aspects of society, economy and people's lives. Information technology has become an important means of a new round of competition, and informatization is also a rare opportunity for China. We should face up to the gap in information technology, strengthen independent innovation, vigorously develop the information industry, attach importance to promoting the application of information technology in the industry, and further improve China's international competitiveness.