Archimedes was born into an astronomer's family in ancient Greece and was loved by the whole family since he was a child. In order to make him a success as soon as possible, his father racked his brains on the name. After repeated selection, he was named Archimedes on the first 10 day of his birth. I hope this name can bring him happiness and become a real Greek.
Archimedes spent his childhood under the care of nannies and slaves. The whole family is very strict with him. There are rules for walking, sitting, dressing and eating. He is not allowed to be naughty or make bad friends. He entered school at the age of eight, got up before dawn every day, and walked a long way to school with slaves. Archimedes' family is rich, but he never rides a horse or rides a car.
Archimedes studied very hard, and sometimes he would read all day. As Archimedes grew older, many of his distinctive features began to appear.
He spends most of his time thinking, discussing, studying and writing, and seldom thinks about his career. In order to study a problem, I often forget to eat and sleep. Even things like getting dressed and undressing have to be done with the help of others. As long as he thinks about the problem, he will forget everything about himself.
Archimedes was fascinated by the study of triangles, squares and circles, and he was inseparable from them. He always painted and painted all day, so absorbed and devoted that everything around him seemed to disappear.
Once, he stepped into the bathtub to take a bath, feeling that the deeper the water went, the lighter it would overflow. Suddenly, he let out a cry of excitement, jumped out of the bathtub, ran naked into the street and shouted at home, "I got it, I got it!" "
People looked at the naked weirdo and were surprised. Where would they have thought that Archimedes discovered an important law of hydrostatics when taking a bath-"Archimedes principle", that is, an object immersed in a liquid is subjected to upward buoyancy, and the buoyancy is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the object.
2.newtonian gravity
Before Newton, people knew that there were two kinds of "forces": all objects on the ground were affected by gravity, and there was gravity between the moon and the earth in the sky and between the planet and the sun. Are these two forces different in nature? Or are they different manifestations of the same force? Newton considered this problem when he was studying at Cambridge University.
When Newton was 23 years old, the plague was prevalent in London. In order to prevent students from being infected, Cambridge University informed students to leave school and go home to avoid the epidemic, and the school was temporarily closed. Newton returned to his hometown of Lincolnshire. He still hasn't stopped studying and thinking about gravity.
At that time, children in rural areas often used slings for several rounds and then threw stones far away. They can also pour a bucket of milk on their heads without spilling it.
This phenomenon inspired Newton's imagination about gravity: "What keeps the stones in the catapult and the milk in the bucket from falling?" This question reminds him of the ideas of Kepler and Galileo. He went from vast space, endless planets, cold moon to huge earth, and then thought about the interaction between these giants.
There is also a saying that once Newton's mind got stuck, he went for a walk in the nearby orchard and sat down against the apple tree when he was tired. Suddenly, an apple fell from the tree and hit Newton on the head. Newton covered his head in pain, looked at the apple on the ground and began to think: why didn't this apple fall? Instead of falling?
At this time, Newton grasped these magical ideas and plunged into the calculation and verification of "gravity". Newton plans to use this principle to verify the laws of the planets in the solar system. 167 1 year released the newly measured radius of the earth value.
Newton used these data to re-examine his theory, and at the same time used his own calculus to deal with the calculation of gravity acceleration when the earth can not be regarded as a particle in the relationship between the moon and the earth.
Through these two improvements, Newton got two identical acceleration values. This makes him feel that gravity and gravity are the same in essence. He also applied the three laws (Newton's three laws) based on the motion of objects on the ground to planetary motion, and reached a satisfactory and correct conclusion.
After seven years of cold and heat, Newton finally proved the world-famous "law of gravity" at the age of 30, laying the foundation for theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics.
3, the invention of the saw
Lu Ban is a famous carpenter. One year, Luban accepted a big task-building a big palace. This requires a lot of wood, but the project deadline is very tight.
Lu Ban's disciples went up the mountain to cut firewood every day, but there was no saw at that time, so they had to cut it with an axe. The efficiency is too low, and the disciples are tired every day, but the wood is still far from enough, which delays the progress of the project.
At that time, failure to complete the task of slave owners would be severely punished. Luban was in a hurry and personally went up the mountain to inspect. When walking across a meadow, he suddenly felt a pain in his leg. When he squatted down, he found that his leg was cut by a kind of weed. Lu Ban wants to know why a blade of grass is so sharp.
He broke the grass and observed it carefully. He accidentally found many small triangular teeth on both sides of the grass, and his hand was cut by these small teeth. Since grass teeth can cut my hands, iron bars with many small teeth should be able to saw through trees. So, with his idea and the help of metal craftsmen, Lu Ban made the world's first saw-an iron bar with many small teeth.
4. The invention of raincoats
/kloc-in the 0/8th century, MacIntosh, who worked in a Scottish rubber factory, was poor and could not afford rain gear, so he had to go to work in the rain every rainy day. One day, he accidentally spilled rubber juice on his clothes. He couldn't wipe it off, so he had to wear this dirty clothes to go home.
It was raining outside, but when McIntosh came home, he was surprised to find that his clothes were not wet at all. He simply painted rubber juice on his clothes, thus becoming the first rubber raincoat in the world.
5, the invention of the copier
At first, the paraffin paper invented by Edison was only widely used as food packaging materials, such as candy. Later, he tried to carve the outline of words on wax paper to form a wax carving paper tray, put white paper under the paper tray, and then rolled it out from the carved wax paper with an ink roller. An accident happened-clear handwriting appeared on the white paper.
Later, after many improvement experiments, Edison began to mass-produce the copier he invented in 1976, and all of a sudden institutions, schools, institutions and organizations adopted this stencil mimeograph. Because Edison's copier is very popular all over the world, Edison deeply realized that he should invent things that people generally and deeply need.