Woodland management-afforestation 1, artificial afforestation refers to the work of building forests by planting seedlings and sowing.
2. Site conditions refer to the combination of topography, climate, soil and other environmental factors. 3. Adapting trees to the site is to adapt the biological characteristics of afforestation tree species to the site conditions of afforestation, so as to give full play to their production potential and make a certain afforestation area reach a better production level under the existing technical and economic conditions.
4, comprehensive soil preparation, comprehensive tillage and afforestation, thoroughly remove weeds and shrubs. 5. Ditch preparation is also called ditch or ditch preparation.
Digging ditches from bottom to top along the contour line and piling the core soil on the downhill slope to form soil stalks is a way of soil preparation. 6. Strip soil preparation leaves a certain width of grass belt between the whole area to prevent soil erosion.
7. The spacing of small reclaimed plots in plot preparation and planting points depends on the row spacing of afforestation plants. 8. Planting seedlings and planting seedlings to make them grow into forests.
It is the most commonly used afforestation method in forestry production. 9. The initial planting density is also called planting density.
Refers to the number of plants planted per unit area when artificial afforestation is renewed. 10. Direct seeding afforestation is an afforestation method in which seeds are directly sown on the afforestation land and germinated into forests.
1 1. Closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and enclosure refers to protecting plants from natural reproduction and growth in sparse forests, standing woodlands, suitable woodlands and shrubs with natural planting or tillering ability, supplemented by artificial promotion means, and promoting the restoration of forests or shrubs.
2. Basic knowledge of forestry
Forestry common sense 1. Forest ecological forest resources: Forest resources include forests, trees and woodlands, as well as wild animals, plants and microorganisms that depend on forests, trees and woodlands for survival.
Forests: including arbor forests and bamboo forests. Trees: including trees and bamboo.
Woodlands: including sparse woodlands, sparse woodlands, shrub lands, uncultivated afforestation lands, nursery lands, uncultivated woodlands, barren hills and wasteland suitable for afforestation and auxiliary production woodlands. Woodland: including arbor woodland and bamboo woodland.
1. Arbor forest land: Arbor means that the trunk is upright and obvious, usually more than 3 meters high, and can be divided into large trees, medium trees and small trees according to different heights. A patch forest or forest belt with a canopy density greater than 0.2 (including 0.2) and a continuous area greater than 1 mu is called arbor forest land.
2. Bamboo forest land: It is composed of bamboo plants with DBH above 2 cm and canopy density above 0.2. Sparse woodland: woodland consisting of artificial afforestation for 3 years and aerial seeding for 5 years, with canopy density of 0. 10~0. 19 and woodland with reasonable number of trees of 4 1%~79%; Or the forest land of natural origin that is lower than the standard number of trees in forest land division, but reaches more than 40% of the standard number of trees.
Shrub land: Shrub refers to a shrub with no trunk and many branches from the ground, or a shrub with a trunk height less than 3 meters. Shrub land consists of shrub species (including economic shrub species) or tree species dwarfed by harsh habitats and small bamboo shrubs with DBH less than 2 cm.
Shrub land is divided into shrub land specially stipulated by the state and other shrub land; National special shrub land refers to shrub land above the growth line of trees, shrub land with economic forest species and shrub land with serious rocky desertification or red desertification, which is designed for protection; Other shrub land refers to the shrub land outside the special provisions of the state. Unforested land: including artificial afforestation land (within 3 years) and closing hillsides for afforestation (within 5 years).
Nursery land: fixed land for trees, flowers and seedlings. Woodless land: including deforested land, burned land and other woodless land.
Suitable forest land: land that has been planned as forest land by people at or above the county level. Including barren hills and wasteland suitable for forest, wasteland suitable for forest sand and other suitable forest land.
Auxiliary production forest land: land for engineering facilities and supporting facilities that directly serve forestry production. Forest: Tree species that grow in the forest and reach the canopy.
The trunk of a tree is straighter and taller than an isolated tree, and it can produce logs with better roundness. It is the main body of forest output and the main object of forest management and utilization. Forest classification: Forests are divided into the following five categories: (1) Shelterbelt: forests, trees and shrubs with the main purpose of protection, including water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, farmland and pasture protection forests, bank protection forests and road protection forests; (2) Timber forests: forests and trees whose main purpose is to produce wood, including bamboo forests whose main purpose is to produce bamboo; (3) Economic forests: trees whose main purpose is to produce fruits, edible oils, beverages, condiments, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials; (4) Fuelwood forests: forests whose main purpose is to produce fuel; (5) Special-purpose forests: forests and trees whose main purposes are national defense, environmental protection and scientific experiments. , including national defense forest, experimental forest, mother forest, environmental protection forest, scenic forest, trees in historical sites and revolutionary memorial sites, and forests in nature reserves.
Forest origin: also known as forest origin or forest genesis. Refers to the way of forest formation, that is, the way of forest reproduction.
Specifically, it can be divided into two situations: ① the origin of the stand when it was first formed. Because it originated from natural propagation or artificial cultivation, there are natural forests and artificial forests.
(2) The formation of trees, due to the different modes of reproduction, the origin of forests can be divided into seedling forests and asexual reproduction forests. Plantation: a forest formed by artificial sowing, planting or cutting.
Natural forest: a forest formed by natural planting or germination. Primitive forest: a natural forest that has not been cut down and cultivated artificially.
Secondary forest: refers to a kind of forest in which the original forest or artificial forest was destroyed by human or natural factors, but it was restored by natural forces without reasonable human management. Vegetation: all kinds of plants grow in groups, species gather and communities are intertwined, like a green embroidered quilt tightly wrapping the earth. This vibrant and ever-changing plant is called vegetation.
Plant community: Vegetation is not a random patchwork, but a regular combination of some plant species under the natural environment conditions in a certain area. Each such combined unit is called a plant community.
Biodiversity: Biodiversity refers to the species and quantity of different animal and plant communities and their relationships. Forest is the most diverse and abundant ecosystem on land, and it is a natural synthesis of animals, plants and microorganisms, so protecting forest means protecting biodiversity directly and indirectly.
Ecological environment: Ecological environment refers to the quantity and quality of water resources, land resources, biological resources and climate resources that affect human survival and development. Ecological environment can also be called environment for short.
Eco-environmental construction: Eco-environmental construction refers to the use of ecosystem principles to simulate and design the optimal artificial ecosystem according to different levels, levels and scales of ecological construction tasks, and to produce according to the model in order to obtain the expected best ecological and economic benefits. Forestry ecological environment construction: it refers to the construction of major shelter forest systems, nature reserves, wildlife protection and other projects in a region or across regions to manage and protect existing forest resources, starting from the overall situation of land consolidation and the needs of national sustainable development, with the aim of maintaining and recreating benign ecological environment, maintaining biodiversity and representative natural landscapes.
Stand: a forest with similar internal characteristics, but obviously different from its neighboring areas. The forest in a forest area can be divided into different stands according to different tree species composition, forest origin, forest phase, forest age, density, status class and other factors.
Standing tree: it contains two meanings: ① the sum of trees that constitute the main part of the forest; (2) Living trees that have not been cut down in the forest. Tree species composition: refers to which trees in the forest are composed.
.
3. Basic knowledge of forestry
Forestry common sense 1. Forest ecological forest resources: Forest resources include forests, trees and woodlands, as well as wild animals, plants and microorganisms that depend on forests, trees and woodlands for survival.
Forests: including arbor forests and bamboo forests. Trees: including trees and bamboo.
Woodlands: including sparse woodlands, sparse woodlands, shrub lands, uncultivated afforestation lands, nursery lands, uncultivated woodlands, barren hills and wasteland suitable for afforestation and auxiliary production woodlands. Woodland: including arbor woodland and bamboo woodland.
1. Arbor forest land: Arbor means that the trunk is upright and obvious, usually more than 3 meters high, and can be divided into large trees, medium trees and small trees according to different heights. A patch forest or forest belt with a canopy density greater than 0.2 (including 0.2) and a continuous area greater than 1 mu is called arbor forest land.
2. Bamboo forest land: It is composed of bamboo plants with DBH above 2 cm and canopy density above 0.2. Sparse woodland: woodland consisting of artificial afforestation for 3 years and aerial seeding for 5 years, with canopy density of 0. 10~0. 19 and woodland with reasonable number of trees of 4 1%~79%; Or the forest land of natural origin that is lower than the standard number of trees in forest land division, but reaches more than 40% of the standard number of trees.
Shrub land: Shrub refers to a shrub with no trunk and many branches from the ground, or a shrub with a trunk height less than 3 meters. Shrub land consists of shrub species (including economic shrub species) or tree species dwarfed by harsh habitats and small bamboo shrubs with DBH less than 2 cm.
Shrub land is divided into shrub land specially stipulated by the state and other shrub land; National special shrub land refers to shrub land above the growth line of trees, shrub land with economic forest species and shrub land with serious rocky desertification or red desertification, which is designed for protection; Other shrub land refers to the shrub land outside the special provisions of the state. Unforested land: including artificial afforestation land (within 3 years) and closing hillsides for afforestation (within 5 years).
Nursery land: fixed land for trees, flowers and seedlings. Woodless land: including deforested land, burned land and other woodless land.
Suitable forest land: land that has been planned as forest land by people at or above the county level. Including barren hills and wasteland suitable for forest, wasteland suitable for forest sand and other suitable forest land.
Auxiliary production forest land: land for engineering facilities and supporting facilities that directly serve forestry production. Forest: Tree species that grow in the forest and reach the canopy.
The trunk of a tree is straighter and taller than an isolated tree, and it can produce logs with better roundness. It is the main body of forest output and the main object of forest management and utilization. Forest classification: Forests are divided into the following five categories: (1) Shelterbelt: forests, trees and shrubs with the main purpose of protection, including water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, farmland and pasture protection forests, bank protection forests and road protection forests; (2) Timber forests: forests and trees whose main purpose is to produce wood, including bamboo forests whose main purpose is to produce bamboo; (3) Economic forests: trees whose main purpose is to produce fruits, edible oils, beverages, condiments, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials; (4) Fuelwood forests: forests whose main purpose is to produce fuel; (5) Special-purpose forests: forests and trees whose main purposes are national defense, environmental protection and scientific experiments. , including national defense forest, experimental forest, mother forest, environmental protection forest, scenic forest, trees in historical sites and revolutionary memorial sites, and forests in nature reserves.
Forest origin: also known as forest origin or forest genesis. Refers to the way of forest formation, that is, the way of forest reproduction.
Specifically, it can be divided into two situations: ① the origin of the stand when it was first formed. Because it originated from natural propagation or artificial cultivation, there are natural forests and artificial forests.
(2) The formation of trees, due to the different modes of reproduction, the origin of forests can be divided into seedling forests and asexual reproduction forests. Plantation: a forest formed by artificial sowing, planting or cutting.
Natural forest: a forest formed by natural planting or germination. Primitive forest: a natural forest that has not been cut down and cultivated artificially.
Secondary forest: refers to a kind of forest in which the original forest or artificial forest was destroyed by human or natural factors, but it was restored by natural forces without reasonable human management. Vegetation: all kinds of plants grow in groups, species gather and communities are intertwined, like a green embroidered quilt tightly wrapping the earth. This vibrant and ever-changing plant is called vegetation.
Plant community: Vegetation is not a random patchwork, but a regular combination of some plant species under the natural environment conditions in a certain area. Each such combined unit is called a plant community.
Biodiversity: Biodiversity refers to the species and quantity of different animal and plant communities and their relationships. Forest is the most diverse and abundant ecosystem on land, and it is a natural synthesis of animals, plants and microorganisms, so protecting forest means protecting biodiversity directly and indirectly.
Ecological environment: Ecological environment refers to the quantity and quality of water resources, land resources, biological resources and climate resources that affect human survival and development. Ecological environment can also be called environment for short.
Eco-environmental construction: Eco-environmental construction refers to the use of ecosystem principles to simulate and design the optimal artificial ecosystem according to different levels, levels and scales of ecological construction tasks, and to produce according to the model in order to obtain the expected best ecological and economic benefits. Forestry ecological environment construction: it refers to the construction of major shelter forest systems, nature reserves, wildlife protection and other projects in a region or across regions to manage and protect existing forest resources, starting from the overall situation of land consolidation and the needs of national sustainable development, with the aim of maintaining and recreating benign ecological environment, maintaining biodiversity and representative natural landscapes.
4. 50 words of forest safety knowledge
Provisions on "Ten Prohibitions" of Field Fire Source Management during Forest Fire Prevention Period:
First, it is forbidden to burn wasps and wild animals in the mountains.
Two, are not allowed to throw cigarette butts and fire tails in the forest.
Three, are not allowed to burn ashes in the mountains.
Four, are not allowed to burn charcoal in the mountains.
Five, are not allowed to burn incense and paper money, set off firecrackers and lanterns in the mountains.
Six, are not allowed to burn the ridge, burning straw and straw in the hillside forest area.
Seven, are not allowed to play with fire or keep warm in the mountains.
Eight, are not allowed to use ware firearms hunting.
Nine, it is forbidden to barbecue food in the forest area.
Ten, in four or more high fire weather are not allowed to enter the forest.
5. Knowledge about forestry is urgent.
Leading comrades: Happy New Year, everyone! My name is Zhou, and I am a member of the management station. Before I came here as a full-time manager, I studied in a junior college and served as a soldier. I am a qualified * * * member, so my thoughts have always been positive.
I have been working in nature reserves for almost two years, and I have gained a lot in these two years. Under the correct leadership of the Administration, I grew from a forestry enthusiast to a forestry administrative law enforcer. In the process of living, studying and working with webmasters and comrades, I deeply feel that man and nature are interlinked. Only those who love mountains can truly understand mountains, and only those who love mountains can truly understand the beauty of mountains and purify their souls in dialogue and communication with mountains. Today, I took to the podium with passion and ran for the post of stationmaster of Jiang Cao Station. Let's talk about my thoughts and plans once I run for office.
As the saying goes, "Fiona Fang can't be Fiona Fang without rules", so I must first work out the rules and regulations of our own bureau with my colleagues in the bureau, and of course I must also report them to the department (police station) for approval. Secondly, in addition to completing the tasks and work assigned by superiors, we must do four things well: the first is to unify our thinking and raise our awareness.
We say: Interest is the best teacher. I think as a manager, we should clearly understand what we are doing. If we are not clear about our responsibilities and obligations, or if we are not enthusiastic about our work, how can we do a good job? Therefore, I ask the maintenance personnel of our station to firmly establish that they should perform their duties according to law, enforce the law impartially and take the initiative to do their jobs well. When it comes to understanding, of course, it includes understanding the thoughts of the people around us and the people in the community, because their words and deeds may be related to how we carry out our work.
This requires our managers not only to patrol the mountains and protect forests in peacetime, but also to actively do a good job in publicity and education of the surrounding people and communities, and mobilize them to jointly care for and support the real cause of our nature reserve. Improve the visibility of our protected area.
The second is to grasp early in practical work. We used to have a meeting once a month. I think we should hold at least three meetings at the station, so that everyone can know what is going on in advance, and make clear what they and individuals have to do and how to do a good job.
The third is to focus on key and difficult points. Make a detailed record of the places, personnel and types that often violate the law and discipline within the jurisdiction, so as to know fairly well and focus on preventing and cracking down on illegal personnel.
Our managers don't know how to implement forestry laws and regulations, so strengthening learning is a key point for our managers. Our station will formulate some basic and commonly used forestry administrative law enforcement knowledge and monthly examination system to test whether the law enforcement level of our managers has improved every month. So all our managers can handle cases independently.
The fourth is to give full play to everyone's strengths in the station and prepare to do something within their power in scientific research and writing. For example, I personally did a lot of work to observe and record orchids last year, and also found a new variety. After the second year of flowering, I will report it to the higher forestry department for approval through the business department. Of course, in addition to the above aspects, there are many details and plans in the specific work, so I won't go into details here.
In a word, our goal is to continue to carry forward the fine style and tradition of our Jiang Cao station. Strive to be a first-class management and protection station.
Of course, no one is perfect and there is no shortage of gold. If I am not qualified to run for this position, I have the honor to run for the post of deputy stationmaster of Jiang Cao Station, which is also a very training position. I also do my job well, give full play to my subjective initiative, assist the webmaster to do a good job in the station, and strive to be an excellent management station and manager. Life needs green, and human beings need blue sky.
Finally, I propose: Let's make our due contribution to the bluer sky, greener mountains and more beautiful water.
6. Forest fire prevention knowledge
Common sense of forest fire prevention
First, the harm of forest fires
Forest fire is the most dangerous enemy and the most terrible disaster in forestry, which will bring the greatest harm and devastating consequences to the forest. Forest fire will not only burn patches of forest, harm the animals in the forest, but also reduce the regeneration ability of the forest, cause soil impoverishment, destroy the function of forest to conserve water, and even lead to imbalance of ecological environment. Despite the rapid development of science in the world today, human beings have not made great progress in putting out forest fires.
Second, the types and classification of forest fires
According to the burning position, spreading speed, damaged position and degree of forest fires, forest fires can be roughly divided into three categories: 1. Surface fire II. Crown fire 3. Underground fire.
According to the size of the affected forest area, forest fires are divided into the following four categories:
1. Forest fire: the affected forest area is less than 1 hectare or other woodlands catch fire (including yellow fire);
2. General forest fire: the affected forest area is more than 1 hectare and less than 100 hectare;
3. Major forest fires: the affected forest area is less than 1000 hectares1000 hectares;
4. Extraordinary forest fire: the affected forest area 1000 hectares or more;
Third, the causes of forest fires
There are two main causes of forest fires: man-made fires and natural fires.
(1) Man-made fires include the following types:
1. Productive fire sources: fire for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, fire for forestry sideline production, fire for industrial and mining transportation production, etc.
2. Unproductive fire sources: such as outdoor smoking, cooking, burning paper, heating, etc. ;
3. Intentional arson
Among the fires caused by man-made fire sources, forest fires caused by land reclamation and smoking are the most. In the forest fires in our city, the fires caused by smoking, burning wasteland and burning paper on graves account for an absolute number.
(2) Natural fire: including lightning fire and spontaneous combustion. Forest fires caused by natural fires account for about 1% of the total forest fires in China.
Four, three factors affecting the fire.
Temperature, humidity and unit combustible load.
Five, fighting forest fires
(A) how to strengthen safety measures when putting out the fire
Strengthen fire control organizations. One is to send comrades with fire fighting experience as front-line commanders. Second, the temporary organization of firefighters, must specify the section chief and team leader. The third is to clarify fire discipline and safety matters. The fourth is to check whether the fire-fighting equipment meets the requirements and whether the fire-fighting clothes are very loose and flame-retardant. Fifth, strengthen fire reconnaissance and organize fire communication, rescue and logistics support. The sixth is to enter the fire from the tail of the fire and fight along the two wings of the fire. Seventh, don't strike the fire head directly in the wind, don't strike the fire head up the mountain, don't strike the fire head on cliffs, steep slopes and broken terrain, don't put out the fire directly in windy weather and fire conditions, and don't put out the fire in places with dense combustibles. Eight is the correct use of fire fighting equipment.
(2) What are the ways to save yourself from danger?
Retreat to a safe area. The fire fighting team (group) should observe the changes of the fire scene when putting out the fire. In case of Fei Huo and cyclone, organize firefighters to enter burn areas, areas with less vegetation and low flame. The second is to ignite and save yourself according to the specifications. It is necessary to unify the command, choose a relatively flat place, and lie down to avoid danger according to regulations. In case of danger, you should lie down in a place with less vegetation nearby, with your feet facing the fire, pull open the floating soil until you see wet soil, bury your face in the pit, wrap your head with clothes and put your hands in front of your body. The fourth is to break the wind according to the norms. When the wind changes suddenly and the fire turns around, the commander should decisively give the order to break through, and the players themselves should make decisive decisions, choose places with less grass, wrap their heads with clothes, hold their breath and rush to break through in the wind. People should be able to break through in 7.5 seconds. Never race against the fire, only rush to it.
7. Forest fire prevention knowledge
In fact, Baidu knew it was in the library and copied it for you.
1. Common sense of forest fire prevention 1. Forest fire is the most dangerous enemy and the most terrible disaster in forestry, which will bring the greatest harm and devastating consequences to the forest. Forest fire will not only burn patches of forest, harm the animals in the forest, but also reduce the regeneration ability of the forest, cause soil impoverishment, destroy the function of forest to conserve water, and even lead to imbalance of ecological environment.
Despite the rapid development of science in the world today, human beings have not made great progress in putting out forest fires. 2. Types and classification of forest fires According to the burning position, spreading speed, damaged position and degree of forest fires, forest fires can be roughly divided into three categories: 1. Surface fire II. Crown fire 3. Underground fires According to the size of damaged forests, forest fires are divided into the following four categories: 1. Forest fire: the affected forest area is less than 1 hectare or other woodlands are on fire (including 2. General forest fire: the affected forest area is more than 1 hectare and less than 100 hectare; 3. Major forest fires: the affected forest area is less than 1000 hectares1000 hectares; 4. Extraordinary forest fire: the affected forest area 1000 hectares or more; 3. There are two main causes of forest fires: man-made fires and natural fires. (1) Man-made fires include the following types: 1. Productive fire sources: fire for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry production, fire for forest sideline production, fire for industrial and mining transportation production, etc. 2. Unproductive fire sources: such as cooking, cooking, burning paper, heating, etc. ; 3. Among the fires caused by man-made fire sources, intentional arson is the most, and forest fires caused by land reclamation and smoking are the most.
In the forest fires in our city, the fires caused by cooking smoke, burning wasteland and burning paper on graves account for an absolute number. (2) Natural fire: including lightning fire and spontaneous combustion.
Forest fires caused by natural fires account for about 1% of the total forest fires in China. Temperature, humidity and unit combustible load are three factors that affect the fire.
4. Discover forest fires-Finding them is more meaningful than putting them out. Forest fire is very harmful and difficult to put out, so it is particularly important to put out the fire immediately when the fire is still in its infancy. Because forest fires are often located in deep mountains and old forests, it is not easy to find them, so it is of great significance to find them early.
1, the watchtower has been built. At present, there are many backward technologies in China. Watchtower monitoring is to observe the occurrence of forest fire through the watchtower, determine the fire location and report the fire. Its advantages are large coverage and good effect.
The disadvantages are: it is impossible to set up observation points in remote forest areas without living conditions; Its observation effect is limited by topography, with small coverage, dead corners and gaps, so it is impossible to observe large-scale fires, residual fires and underground fires with dense smoke. No lightning weather can be observed on the tower; Lookout is an observation method based on the observer's experience, which has low accuracy and large error. In addition, the personal safety of the lookout is threatened by lightning, wild animals and forest encephalitis.
2. Establish the mainstream monitoring mode of domestic video monitoring system at present. This is a simple extension of traditional city monitoring, which collects the video images by microwave and completes centralized monitoring manually. Manual monitoring is easy to cause naked eye fatigue, and the fire in the video is not easy to be detected, resulting in missing reports; There are many video lines in the monitoring center, and manual monitoring can't monitor them one by one, which is easy to cause missing reports.
Therefore, the biggest drawback of traditional video surveillance is the high rate of missing reports. Traditional video surveillance is a non-digital system, and many intelligent applications cannot be realized.
3. Establish an intelligent early warning system, which is the development direction of forest fire prevention and realize the intelligence and informatization of forest fire prevention. The intelligent monitoring, early warning and emergency command system of forest fire prevention is established by using high-tech technologies such as intelligent image recognition technology, object-oriented 3D GIS technology and seamless integration of large-scale network monitoring technology, and combining with professional knowledge of forest management and experience of forest fire prevention, so as to realize the functions of automatic monitoring of forest video, accurate identification of fireworks, accurate location of fire spots, deduction of fire spread trend, fire fighting command and decision-making, post-disaster evaluation, etc., and establish a complete forest fire prevention business chain to solve users in a targeted manner.
For example, "Forest Protection 365" series products are mainly composed of front-end intelligent monitoring products and back-end application systems. Front-end intelligent monitoring products include heavy digital ptz, intelligent control box of base station, embedded intelligent processor for fireworks identification, etc. The back-end application system includes Haipu network monitoring and management platform, forest fire prevention auxiliary decision-making and emergency command system based on ArcGIS platform.
5. How to strengthen safety measures and strengthen fire fighting organization when fighting forest fires (1). One is to send comrades with fire fighting experience as front-line commanders.
Second, the temporary organization of firefighters, must specify the section chief and team leader. The third is to clarify fire discipline and safety matters.
The fourth is to check whether the fire-fighting equipment meets the requirements and whether the fire-fighting clothing is loose and flame retardant. Fifth, strengthen fire reconnaissance and organize fire communication, rescue and logistics support.
The sixth is to enter the fire from the tail of the fire and fight along the two wings of the fire. Seventh, don't strike the fire head directly in the wind, don't strike the fire head up the mountain, don't strike the fire head on cliffs, steep slopes and broken terrain, don't put out the fire directly in windy weather and fire conditions, and don't put out the fire in places with dense combustibles.
Eight is the correct use of fire fighting equipment. (2) Out of danger and self-help methods to retreat to safety.
The fire fighting team (group) should observe the changes of the fire scene when putting out the fire. In case of Fei Huo and cyclone, organize firefighters to enter burn areas, areas with less vegetation and low flame. The second is to ignite and save yourself according to the specifications.
It is necessary to unify the command, choose a relatively flat place, and lie down to avoid danger according to regulations. In case of danger, you should lie down in a place with less vegetation nearby, with your feet facing the fire, pull open the floating soil until you see wet soil, bury your face in the pit, wrap your head with clothes and put your hands in front of your body.
The fourth is to break the wind according to the norms. When the wind changes suddenly and the fire turns around, the commander should decisively give the order to break through, and the players themselves should make decisive decisions, choose places with less grass, wrap their heads with clothes, hold their breath and rush to break through in the wind.
People should be able to break through in 7.5 seconds. Never race against the fire, only rush to it.
6. What are the hazards and consequences of forest fires? 1. Forest fires will not only burn many trees, reduce the density of stands, but also destroy forests.