The greatest contribution of search is to divide the information on the internet into a clue by machine. However, just knowing what keywords are in the web page only solves people's needs of browsing the web page. Therefore, shortly after Tim-Berners-Lee put forward WWW, he began to advocate the concept of semantic web. Why? Because of the content on the internet, the machine can't understand it. His ideal is that when making web pages and building databases, everyone can express the contents of the web pages into a format that the machine can understand in a semantic way. In this way, the whole Internet becomes a well-structured knowledge base. Ideally, this is attractive because both scientists and machines like things to be orderly. Berners-Lee is concerned with the data on the Internet and whether these data can be repeatedly cited by other Internet applications. Give an example to illustrate the charm of standard database. There is a product called LiberyLink. After installation, when browsing on Amazon, it will automatically tell you whether you can find a book in the user's local library, what is the book number and so on. Because a book has a unified book number and title, two different Internet services (Amazon and local library database retrieval) can share data and provide users with brand-new services.
However, after the semantic web was put forward, few people responded. Why? Because it is too difficult to expect the producer of a web page to provide so much extra information for the machine to understand a web page; Just like people working for machines. This goes against the nature that people are lazy when they can be lazy. Just look at the success of Google. Google has a page ranking technology, which uses the relationship between web pages as the basis of ranking results and uses the judgment of web page producers in disguise. Think about the number of web page producers, which is much less than the number of pure visitors. But for this innovation, Google used part of the power of web page producers to push it to the peak of the Internet.
Therefore, the next step of the Internet is to make everyone busy, and the whole people will weave the web, and then use the power of software and machines to make this information easier for people who need it to find and browse. If WEB 1.0 is a data-centric network, then I think WEB2.0 is a people-oriented Internet. We can understand the above viewpoint by looking at some recent WEB2.0 products.
Blog: users weave the network, publish new knowledge and link with other users' content, and then naturally organize these contents.
RSS: User-generated content is automatically distributed and subscribed.
Podcast: Personal Video/Audio Publishing/Subscribing
Sns: Blog+Links between people
WIKI: Users * * * build an encyclopedia together.
From the perspective of knowledge production, the task of WEB 1.0 is to put human knowledge on the Internet through the power of commerce. The task of WEB2.0 is to organize this knowledge organically through the power of each user's browsing and collaborative work, and in the process, deepen the knowledge and generate new ideological sparks;
From the perspective of content producers, WEB 1.0 is about commercial companies moving content online, while WEB2.0 is about users moving new content online in a simple and casual way through blogs/podcasts.
In terms of interactivity, WEB 1.0 is a user-oriented website. WEB2.0 is based on P2P.
From a technical point of view, the WEB is client-oriented and its working efficiency is getting higher and higher. For example, Ajax technology is used in GoogleMAP/Gmail.
We see that users are playing an increasingly important role on the Internet. They contribute content, disseminate content, and provide links and browsing paths between these contents. In SNS, content is organized with users as the core. WEB2.0 is a user-centered Internet.
So, what's the difference between WEB2.0 in this sense and Tim Berners Lee's semantic web? The starting point of semantic web is the regularity and repeatable exchange of data. Hey? What's the matter? What's the point? Nbsp; Try to make the Internet more orderly in terms of rules and technical standards. Search engines such as Google provide as many clues to the Internet as possible without the semantic web. WEB2.0 encourages users to publish content in the most convenient way (blog/podcast), but it provides an index for these seemingly messy contents through users' spontaneous (blog) or system-automatic people-centered (SNS) links. Because these clues are provided by users themselves, they are more in line with the user's experience. The Internet has gradually changed from an organization mode and a reading mode with keywords as the core to a reading mode with Internet users' personal portal (SNS) as the clue or personal thought clue (blog/rss) as the clue. WEB2.0 emphasizes collaboration among users. Wiki is a typical example. From this perspective, the Internet is becoming more orderly, and every user is making a contribution: either the content or the order of the content.
There will be a lot of discussion about the next generation Internet. One thing is certain, WEB2.0 is a people-centered thread network. Provide tools that are more convenient for users to weave webs and encourage the provision of content. According to the traces left by users on the Internet, sorting out browsing clues, providing related services, creating new value for users and generating new value for the whole Internet, this is the business mode of WEB2.0 (the author is chairman and CEO of MOP. )
WEB2.0 will realize a new wave of website entrepreneurship and change.
Thanks to the birth of the concept of web2.0, the Internet has been revitalized and attracted capital to invest in web2.0, and numerous innovative web2.0 websites have emerged. In just a few months, the controversy and discussion about web2.0 inside and outside the circle has aroused widespread concern of entrepreneurs and investors. If you are in the IT circle, you want to get venture capital, you want to start a business, and you want to get rich immediately, you'd better know about web2.0, understand it thoroughly, and create web2.0, because foreign investors have decided that web2.0 has a bright future. I don't know whether it is the birth of a new round of network bubble or the opportunity of a new round of network reform, but web2.0 has brought us passion anyway.
What is web 2.0? There is a description in Wikipedia, but it is still vague, so it cannot be used as an accurate definition of web2.0. Some people say that web2.0 can be defined as "writable Internet", which is not completely accurate. Regarding the difference between web 1.0 and 2.0, I quite agree with Lv Xinxin's comparison. "web 1.0 talks about portals every day, while web2.0 talks about personalization; Web 1.0 focuses on content, while web2.0 focuses on application; Web 1.0 business model, web2.0 stresses service; Web 1.0 is closed, big and complete, while web2.0 is open and united. Web 1.0 website centralization, web2.0 talks about individual centralization; Web 1.0 one-to-one, web2.0 talks about social networking sites; Web 1.0 didn't know you were a dog. Web2.0 I know exactly what you did last summer and even want to do it. . . "
I think the typical features and manifestations of web2.0 are: personal publishing and aggregation (such as blog, rss, atom), social collaboration (wiki, software engineering collaboration), better user experience (such as short url and ajax technology), open API(Flickr, del.icio.us, Bloglines), and dominant user participation (sns, blog, social interaction). In addition, I think online games also have the nature of web2.0, because it pays attention to social cooperation, user participation and better experience for users.
There will always be objections to the birth of new things and new concepts, not to mention foreign ones. China's old saying "Pour some cold water on web 2.0" and Zhou Tianshu's "Pour some hot water on the so-called web2.0" both think that Web 2.0 is a technology that has been used for a long time from a technical point of view, which makes me a little disappointed, because their views are narrow and they can't see the essence behind it. Perhaps several forms of web2.0 have existed for a long time, such as rss, blog, ajax and so on. But the real large-scale application is in the near future. The development and convergence of individual phenomena are gradually refined into a model, theory and concept, which is divorced from the basic connotation given by its technical shell. Generally speaking, this is a revolutionary process of "quantitative change to qualitative change", and it is a deeper excavation and refining of superficial phenomena.
Now the traditional Internet model is becoming more and more single, and it has gradually reached a dead end. It only relies on the mouse and cement of service providers to build a huge content platform and a large number of users. This model has now been severely challenged. The wave of web2.0 swept the world's most famous network giants: yaohoo, msn, google and so on. Domestic portals need to be transformed by web2.0 first, while other web applications, such as job hunting, peer review, classified information, b2b, b2c and other websites, also need to be transformed by web2.0 to face new challenges and impacts.
Ordinary users may not need to understand concepts such as sns and web2.0. But as an internet entrepreneur, participant and investor, you can't just watch. You need to act, and the opportunity is right in front of you.
Web2.0 makes me feel the great opportunity of the new round development of the Internet, and it also makes me feel the urgency of the Internet to seek breakthrough and innovation. Of course, in addition to the commonly used copywriting web2.0 mode at home and abroad, I have been exploring the integrated web2.0, the traditional application of web2.0, and the more suitable web2.0 entrepreneurial mode. Welcome to have a free exchange.
The whole people get online and start a people's war with Web 2.0.
Author: CNET science and technology information network
CNETNews.com.cn on July 5, 2005 at 9: 00 a.m.
Web 2.0 is making the Internet gradually find the true meaning of the Internet: equality, interaction and decentralization. You should not only be a reader of the Internet, but also an author of the Internet. You shouldn't just surf the Internet, you are a trendsetter. Web 2.0 is to Web 1.0 what distributed computing is to centralized computing and grid is to mainframe.
CNET Science and Technology Information Network reported in Beijing on July 5th (Text/Goofy) When Rick Lide, the founder of the Internet, put forward "Super Galaxy Network" (the predecessor of the Internet) at 1963, what he thought was how to make computers and networks help people communicate and think, and how to make the network "decentralized". However, after the emergence of super portals such as Yahoo in the early 1990s, the development of the Internet was once far away from Lick. Li de's original intention.
Yahoo, Amazon, and China's Baidu, Sohu and other super websites are stationed in netizens' favorites all the year round with strong content. The euphemistic "surfing the Internet" by netizens is actually a circular movement around these "stars". Netizens only act as readers of the network, not authors. At this time, the Internet is "read-only". However, the appearance of Web 2.0 ended the periodic market-going movement of netizens.
Blogger Keso said: "In the era of Web 1.0, all we can do is wander around and call it surfing. What Web 2.0 brings us is a readable Internet, as well as blogs and wikis. Are all in it. "
With the help of Web 2.0, a readable, writable and interactive Internet is gradually taking shape. Rick Reid's dream more than 30 years ago is gradually coming true.
Blog: The Rise of Personal Media
In the world of Web 2.0, blog (translated as "blog" and "blog" in Chinese) is definitely a "signature dish" and has gained wide popularity.
"9 1 1 event" is a milestone in the history of blog development. It is found that the blog established by the parties at the scene of the terrorist incident is the person who is most likely to give the first-hand and most authentic information. As a result, an important blog (warbler blog) flourished. "The truest and most vivid description of the 9 1 1 incident is not in The New York Times, but in the blogs of the survivors," wrote one blogger.
In the Chinese-speaking world, the person who made "blog" famous at one fell swoop was "Muzimei". Her exposure of personal privacy completely subverts the ethical tradition of China people. Netizens flocked to Muzimei's blog. While Muzimei's private life was exposed, blogs also entered the field of mass communication.
Blog is not a technical concept. For easy understanding, you can even think of it as a personal homepage that is updated in chronological order. The value of blog lies in that it makes the world realize that writing is not the monopoly of the media, and news is not the privilege of journalists. No matter how keen the reporter is, no one on the scene knows the facts. Eyewitness blogs are more authoritative and closer to the facts than journalists.
In Asia, the blog site founded by Korean Oh Yeon Ho has become an important media force in Korea. By mobilizing the strength of the whole society, both the impeachment of South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun and the kidnapping and killing of South Korean Kim Sun-il in Iraq have been at the forefront of major media in South Korea. A piece of news on this website actually has 85,000 comments, far exceeding the interactive level of other media.
Mo, a famous IT columnist in Silicon Valley, concluded that blog itself represents "news media 3.0". 1.0 refers to traditional media or O l d media (O L D media, such as Evening News and CCTV), 2.0 refers to new media (such as Baidu and Yahoo) or cross-media, and 3.0 refers to personal media represented by blogs or self-media.
With the development of blog, the content is not limited to words. Pictures, audio and video are optional, and audio B l o g has its own name-podcast (translated as "podcast" in China). Blog has built a bridge from the era of online reading to the era of writing and recording.
The roles of fuzzy editors and readers
After blog completed the enlightenment education of Web2.0, a series of ideas followed, among which Wiki (encyclopedia on the Internet) and Social Bookmark (social bookmark) were more representative.
Wiki is another concept under the Web 2.0 system. Wiki can be simply interpreted as an online encyclopedia maintained by netizens spontaneously. This encyclopedia is edited and modified by netizens spontaneously. Everyone can be both a reader and an editor of an entry. In Wikipedia, the line between readers and editors is blurred. Ward cunningham, the founder of the first wiki website, said: "My original intention in creating the first wiki was to establish an environment where we can exchange experiences with each other." Social bookmark is a concept similar to Wiki, which allows netizens to share their collections and exchange resources with each other.
Independent blogs do not have the promotion ability of commercial websites. How do these self-centered network nodes communicate and enjoy each other? Under the Web 2.0 system, Tag (Tag), RSS (Aggregation Service) and six-degree separation theory all play the role of adhesive.
Tag literally translates as tag, which allows you to create multiple keywords for your own content (blog text, pictures, audio, etc.). ) to explain. For example, a snow picture can define labels such as "snowflake", "winter", "North Pole" and "landscape photo". Flickr, a photo sharing website just acquired by Yahoo, provides support for this. Tag is similar to the "column" of traditional media, and its relative advantage is that the creator will not be unable to classify the works because of the limited media columns.
RSS is a more direct way of interaction, which is generally translated as aggregation service. It seems to be a technology born for blogs. With the help of RSS, netizens can freely subscribe to designated blogs (most blogs support RSS), that is, readers can customize their favorite content, instead of being selected by network editors like Web 1.0.
Subverting the concept of media center
Daniel Rosenger, chief operating officer of Yahoo, told reporters, "I dare not say (about the subversion of traditional media), but RSS redefines the method of information sharing and subverts the concept that the information society must have a core in the future. Although RSS will not bring any help to online advertising at present, it can let everyone share information better. "
Traditional media also want to interact with their own content. Audible, a digital audio publisher, is planning to publish podcasts from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and other periodicals, which will be published through RSS network standards, and users can download them to MP3 players for listening.
Someone once asked, what is the difference between Web 2.0 interaction and traditional BBS? A blogger named Luo explained the difference between blog and BBS: blog is a combination of original articles, link evaluation, links and netizens' posts. Compared with BBS's outspoken, arbitrary and emotional speeches, blogs are more cautious, meticulous and thorough, and the richness of single words, the clarity of discussion context and the expansion space of topics exceed those of BBS's netizens.
Ward cunningham also talked about the differences between Wiki and BBS. He believes that BBS has no concept of context, and discussions often don't last long. Discussion groups revolve around the same topic over and over again, but people often forget what they said before.
Everyone goes online to Web 2.0 and starts a people's war (part two)
(July-May 2005) From: ZDNET.
Web 2.0 explores the profit model
The new interactive model is bound to be accompanied by new business models or bring new business opportunities.
However, because of the huge difference with Web 1.0, Web 2.0 is still in the exploratory stage in business model. In February 2003, Google acquired Pyrlab, the parent company of Blogger.com, the world's largest blog hosting service website. Pyra was founded only three and a half years ago, with millions of registered blog users and extremely popular. However, due to insufficient income, two of the three founders were forced to leave. Pyra would have gone bankrupt if it hadn't been for the help of Bricklin, CTO of Trellix (also a famous blog).
However, it is generally believed that it is only a matter of time before we find the business model of Web 2.0. Yahoo and Microsoft, two traditional Internet giants, don't care much about the current commercial value of Web 2.0, and they prefer to seize this place quickly. Yahoo 360 service just launched by Yahoo is a personal Web 2.0 platform, including all the functions of photo uploading, blog and IM. Microsoft has also released a similar MSN space. Microsoft is very optimistic about blogs, and even hired a blog team to produce original content for its MSN portal.
In China market, the largest commercial company of Web 2.0 is Blog Service Provider (BSP), among which the registered users of China Blog Network, headquartered in Hangzhou, currently exceed 2 million, and it is growing at a rate of 80,000 to 654,380,000 per month. Hu, chairman of the company, believes that when there are enough users, blogs can make money through advertising and wireless value-added. Fang Xingdong, the head of another BSP blog in China, revealed that the future profit will come from three aspects: advertising revenue, wireless value-added services and service fees charged for providing value-added services and applications to bloggers. But so far, neither company has made a profit.
However, for ordinary enterprises, the benefits of Web 2.0 are immediate. The implementation of blog and wiki in enterprises can make knowledge easy to enjoy, and a new employee can get familiar with work skills and understand corporate culture through internal wiki.
Blogger Keso said: "HTML and JavaScript mentioned in Web 1.0 are a language. They talk according to some agreed protocol (such as TCP/ IP), but this is just a machine-to-machine conversation. At most, people just let this kind of dialogue exist without direct participation. And Web 2.0 lets people participate in the dialogue, and the Internet suddenly becomes vivid.
Web 2.0 is undoubtedly a revolution. "
Whether Web 2.0 is a revolution or not, a wave of Internet creation centered on "interaction" has definitely arrived. Everyone should find their place in this "people's movement" on the Internet.
Explanation of Important Terms in Web 2.0
Blog: Blog is a kind of record made by individuals or groups in chronological order, and it is constantly updated. The communication between blogs is mainly through quotations and comments. Blogger is not only the founder of this blog, but also the file manager.
TrackBack: It is a blog application tool, which can let Blogger know who wrote relevant content after reading their articles. This function realizes the mutual notification between websites; So it can also be regarded as a reminder function.
RSS: It is a data exchange standard for * * * to enjoy news and other online content. Readers can subscribe to blogs through RSS to learn about the latest updates of blogs.
Wiki: 1995, Ward. In order to facilitate the communication among model communities, ward cunningham created the world's first w i k i system-WikiWikiWeb (/CGI/wiki), and used it to establish the Portland model knowledge base. In the process of establishment, the ward. Cunningham created the concept and name of Wiki, and realized the service system supporting these concepts.
Social bookmarks: Social bookmarks allow you to add your favorite websites to your online bookmarks at any time; You can use multiple keywords (tags) instead of categories to mark and organize your bookmarks and share them with others.
Six-degree separation theory: (six degrees of separation). 1967 was founded by Stanley milgram, a professor of psychology at Harvard University (1933 ~ 1984). Simply put, "there will be no more than six people between you and any stranger, which means you can know any stranger through six people at most." The mathematical explanation of the six-degree separation theory is that if everyone knows 260 people on average, then its six degrees are 2606 =118813760000. Eliminating the duplication of some nodes will cover almost several times the population of the whole earth.
(The main content of noun explanation comes from Wikipedia)
Small data
SNS and six-degree separation theory
Social networking software (SNS) is a technical application framework under the Web 2.0 system. SNS is based on the six-degree separation theory. The popular explanation of this theory is: "in the network of contacts, if you want to know any strange friends, at most six friends can achieve your goal."
Let's take an example to better introduce the six-degree separation theory. Stephanie, a netizen and singer named "fly skin", started an experiment. How can I establish contact with this "Asian diva"? He thinks the following chain may be effective: "I → my junior high school classmate Eric → Eric's cousin Michael → Michael's professor, Stephanie's father → Stephanie."
Under the background of Web 2.0, every user has his own blog, Wiki he maintains, social bookmark or podcast. Connect users through tags, RSS or IM, e-mail, etc. "According to the six-degree separation theory, each individual's social circle is constantly enlarged and eventually becomes a big network, which is the social network (SNS)."
Google's 1GB free mailbox is also an SNS application. Through mutual invitation among netizens, Gmail gained a huge user base in a short time.
SNS is still in its infancy, and there is no unified understanding of its commercial value and future development direction.
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