Celebrity name: Edison
Date of birth: 1847- 193 1.
Celebrity titles: electrician, inventor, entrepreneur
Celebrity country: the United States
Related introduction:
Thomas Alva Edison (1847 ~ 193 1) is a famous American inventor and entrepreneur.
1847 February 1 1 was born in a peasant family in Milan, Ohio, USA. I went to school at the age of eight and only studied for three months, so I had to drop out of school and go home. His mother used to be a rural teacher, helping him to learn by himself. 12 years old, family life is difficult, he started selling newspapers on the train. /kloc-when he was 0/6 years old, he invented the automatic timing transmitter, and then inventions continued. During his lifetime, * * * completed more than 2,000 inventions, and 1928 was awarded the special gold medal of the US Congress. 193 1 year1October18th, Edison died in west orange at the age of 84. 193 1 year1October 2 1 day, lights were turned off all over the United States to show condolences.
Scientific achievements
Edison was a world-famous great inventor. The invention of his life is unparalleled in the world. Edison's main contributions are:
1. Edison's most important contribution to science and technology was the invention of the phonograph and the incandescent lamp.
Today, it is hard for us to imagine that we can live without electricity-we can't turn on the lights, listen to records, watch movies or make phone calls. However, all these things that we take for granted are the result of one person's actual invention-Thomas Edison. Before Edison, on the road, in the bedroom, in the factory, you could only use gas lamps lit by hand. As night fell, the factory closed. Electricity or telephone was not invented by Edison. But his practical inventions and improvements pushed the use of electricity and telephones to every corner.
Edison may be the greatest inventor of all time. He is a pioneer of technological innovation in the modern world. This tireless inventor brought us from age of steam into the 20th century.
Edison also made many famous inventions in movies, trams, mining, architecture and weapons.
Edison also observed thermionic emission in vacuum bulb, which was later called "Edison effect". The discovery of thermionic emission laid the foundation for the development of electron tubes.
Chronology of major events
On February 1847, Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, USA.
1854 The Edison family moved to Port Huron, Michigan. Soon Edison got scarlet fever and was very ill. This serious illness became the main reason for his later deafness.
1855 Edison studied in Engel School for three months.
Edison became a newsboy on the Detroit train in Port Huron at the age of 1859.
The American Civil War broke out in 186 1.
1862 Battle of Shiloh; Edison telegraphed the newspaper that reported the news of the battle and made it sell well.
1863, Edison became a telegraph operator at the age of 16. In the next few years, he wandered around and did telegraph work.
Edison arrived in Boston on 1868 and got a job in the western union telegraph company. He applied for the first patent (voting machine), and the news of his two-way telegram was published in Telegraph magazine.
1869 65438+ In October, Edison became a free inventor. He applied for a second patent, an improved automatic stock quotation machine.
In April, the two-way telegraph test failed.
On June+10, 5438, Edison established a cooperative relationship with Franklin L. Pope, an electrical engineer.
187 1 year, Edison opened a shop in Newark, New Jersey.
In February 65438, Thomas Edison married Mary Stilwell.
1874, Edison successfully built a multi-channel telegraph system and a four-channel transmission system, which can transmit two messages in two directions at the same time through one line.
1876 1 In June, Edison began to build a new laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, and soon moved in.
In March, Alexander Graham Bell obtained a patent for his newly invented telephone.
1877 65438+ 10, Edison began to study the carbon telephone transmitter.
165438+ 10, Edison used a lamp to enhance the effect of high-carbon microphone.
In February 65438, Edison invented the phonograph.
1878 Edison began to study electric lamps and transmission systems.
/kloc-0 completed the design of "low waist Marianne" generator in the summer of 879.
1879 10 Edison found that if the carbonized cotton thread is used as a filament and put into a glass bulb with a high vacuum, it will continue to glow for many hours before burning out.
1880 electric train was built and put into use in lomon garden.
188 1 year, Edison left Munro Garden and returned to new york.
1882 Edison noticed some black deposition points in the bulb when he was studying the electric lamp, which was the first proof of the "Edison effect".
On September 4th, new york Pearl Street Power Station started construction.
Edison's wife Mary died.
1886, Thomas Edison married Mina Miller and settled with her in Granmont, a large manor in Orange Valley, New Jersey.
1887, Edison began to improve the phonograph; And built a new laboratory in West Orange.
1888 Edison saved an iron ore processing company founded in the 1970s. In the following years, he bought a large piece of land with iron ore in New Jersey and opened a concentrator and a mine.
189 1 year, Edison applied for a patent for his "moving object continuous photo projector" in the United States.
1899 Edison began to study the batteries of electric vehicles.
Edison's research on iron ore treatment finally stopped at 1900.
1902 Edison successfully opened a cement products factory. Through this business, he developed road and housing construction projects. )
19 12 Edison began to design an electric automatic starter for Ford's Model T, replacing the electric car on the market.
1914-1918 When World War I broke out, Edison spent a lot of time on the scientific development of the US Navy.
1927 Edison set up a laboratory in Florida to study domestic rubber resources to replace the usual Malayan products.
193 1 In August, Edison was exhausted and was diagnosed as seriously ill.
10 year 10 month 18 day, Thomas Alva Edison died at the age of 84.
10 10/2 1 day, lights are turned off all over the United States to show condolences.
First of all, briefly introduce life.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847 ~ 193 1) is a famous American inventor and entrepreneur. 1847 February 1 1 was born in a peasant family in Milan, Ohio, USA. I went to school at the age of eight and only studied for three months, so I had to drop out of school and go home. His mother used to be a rural teacher, helping him to learn by himself. 12 years old, family life is difficult, he started selling newspapers on the train. /kloc-when he was 0/6 years old, he invented the automatic timing transmitter, and then inventions continued. During his lifetime, * * * completed more than 2,000 inventions, and 1928 was awarded the special gold medal of the US Congress. 193 1 year1October18th, Edison died in west orange at the age of 84. 193 1 year1October 2 1 day, lights were turned off all over the United States to show condolences.
Second, scientific achievements.
Edison was a world-famous great inventor. The invention of his life is unparalleled in the world. Edison's main contributions are:
1. Edison's most important contribution to science and technology was the invention of the phonograph and the incandescent lamp.
Today, it is hard for us to imagine that we can live without electricity-we can't turn on the lights, listen to records, watch movies or make phone calls. However, all these things that we take for granted are the result of one person's actual invention-Thomas Edison.
Before Edison, on the road, in the bedroom, in the factory, you could only use gas lamps lit by hand. As night fell, the factory closed. Electricity or telephone was not invented by Edison. But his practical inventions and improvements pushed the use of electricity and telephones to every corner.
Edison may be the greatest inventor of all time. He is a pioneer of technological innovation in the modern world. This tireless inventor brought us from age of steam into the 20th century.
Edison also made many famous inventions in movies, trams, mining, architecture and weapons.
Edison also observed thermionic emission in vacuum bulb, which was later called "Edison effect". The discovery of thermionic emission laid the foundation for the development of electron tubes.
Third, anecdotes
1. Hatching experience
Edison liked to think when he was a child, and his curiosity was particularly strong. One morning, the whole family suddenly found Edison missing and couldn't find him anywhere. It was not until the evening that he was found lying next to the henhouse with a lot of eggs under his stomach. It turned out that he was whimsical and wanted to hatch chickens with his own body, but it backfired: the eggshell was broken and the yolk was bright. Little Edison also understood that chickens can hatch eggs, but for some reason, people can't hatch eggs.
2. The worst student
Edison likes to know what he is interested in. But going to school is another matter. Edison went to school at the age of eight, not long after his family moved to Port Huron, another big lake. Trapped in the classroom all day, he felt bored.
Like most teachers at that time, the teachers in this school also believed in stick education. Edison was very afraid of rattan, even so, he still couldn't learn much knowledge taught by his teacher. His curious habit made the teacher even angrier.
Edison became the worst student in the class for three months in a row. Later, he heard the teacher talking about him, saying that he had a problem and that he was "confused". Edison knew what this meant: a bad egg is a bad egg. In a rage, he rushed out of the classroom and never wanted to go back.
At home, his mother Nancy stood beside him. For a time, Edison went to other schools intermittently. But most of the time, his mother taught him by herself. In other words, she asked him to teach himself. Encouraged by her, he eagerly read books: Shakespeare, history and the Bible. When he was 9 years old, one day, she gave him a book about science, which was the first time he read such a book. This book, called School of Natural Philosophy, allows readers to do some simple experiments at home. Since then, Al's life has changed.
He read the book, did all the experiments in it, and then started his own experiment. He bought chemicals, looked around for waste such as wires and set up a laboratory in his bedroom. One of his experiments is to put the tails of two big cats on wires and let their hairs rub against each other, trying to generate static electricity. The only result is that he was beaten bloody by two cats!
Another of his early experiments was to let a friend take a large dose of foaming powder, hoping that the gas generated by this powder in the human body would send him to the sky like a balloon full of gas.
After hard exploration, "looking for a needle in a haystack" finally succeeded.
Eddie started his hard career at the age of 12. He worked as a newspaper boy on the train, learned the technology of delivering newspapers, and has been to Boston and new york. It was not until he was 24 years old that he had his own factory and a happy family. Edison announced in 1878 that he would invent a safe electric lamp with soft light and low price. In order to find a suitable filament, Edison tried boron, ruthenium, chromium, carbon and various metal alloys, *** 1600 materials, which lasted 13 months, but all failed. Someone blew a cold wind and said that Edison "ate something that could not be chewed" this time. A physicist who once worked for Edison called this experiment "looking for a needle in a haystack". However, Edison was not afraid of failure, insisted on the experiment and made up his mind to fish out a needle from the sea. Where there is a will, there is a way. 1879 65438+1October 10 At 5 pm on Sunday, Edison lit the light bulb with carbonized cotton thread. He personally observed and recorded it. This time, the light bulb is bright and stable, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, ... The light bulb is always on. From 19 and 20 to 2 1, no one went to rest. Until 2 1 2 pm, Edison asked his assistant to raise the voltage a little, and the light bulb was brighter at the 45th hour. After a few minutes, the filament finally burned out. The New York Herald Tribune reported the success of the light bulb experiment in a full page. Edison got all the patents, and it is recognized that he invented the incandescent lamp. /kloc-On New Year's Eve in 0/879, Edison lit 60 light bulbs and hung them in Monroe Park. It was snowing heavily, and more than 3000 people came to visit it.
Edison was a pragmatic man. His motto is: "I seek what human beings need, and then I will take a step forward and try to invent it." Some people say that invention is the product of fate and Edison is a genius. Edison sighed and said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration!" " When someone asked him how he persisted in inventing the light bulb after 654.38 million failures, he said that he had never failed in this process; On the contrary, he found 6.5438+0 million invalid methods. The 3,400 notes he wrote in his life recorded the inventive ideas and experiments in detail, which is a strong evidence of this passage. When Edison was 77 years old, someone asked him, "When will you retire?" He blurted out, "The day before my funeral!" Once, someone asked Edison half jokingly, "Do you agree to give science ten annual holidays?" Edison replied seriously: "Science will never take a day off. It has been working every minute for hundreds of millions of years, and it will continue to work like this. " Indeed, Edison fulfilled his promise. He is over 80 years old. In order to "make more inventions", he is still working diligently to extract latex from weeds in his country.
Fourth, the story of Edison.
Thomas Alfa Edison was a genius at the right time. After the Civil War, the United States developed day by day, and various conditions were favorable for talents like Edison.
Edison's family came to America from Holland at the beginning of18th century. Thomas Alpha was born in 1847, the youngest of Samuel's seven children.
Thomas is a very curious child. Even when he was a child, he liked reading and doing experiments. Because he likes fantasy and quiet too much, a teacher once called him stupid. Thomas's mother was very unhappy with this comment. She let her children drop out of school and never returned to school. Mothers are responsible for children's education, teaching them reading, teaching them history, science and philosophy. Edison read quickly and never forgot anything. Once he was whimsical, starting from the first shelf of a big library and reading every book on the shelf. But after reading the fifteen-foot-thick books on the shelf, he gave up this ambition.
In order to earn money for books and scientific experiments, Thomas sells vegetables in his garden. The job didn't make enough money, so he began to sell newspapers and candy on a train dedicated to Port Huron, Michigan and Detroit. Because people are eager to know the new situation of the war at the height of the civil war, Thomas decided to print his own newspaper, Herald Weekly, 1862 on the luggage compartment of the train where he worked in February. He earned two thousand dollars from this newspaper in four years.
Young Edison continued to do experiments while working on the train, and set up a laboratory in the baggage car. One day, a phosphorus stick fell to the ground and set the car on fire. The conductor was so angry that he threw Tom and all his experimental equipment out of the train at the next stop and beat Tom, causing permanent damage and making Edison's right hand deaf.
Shortly after Edison founded the newspaper, one day he saw a child playing on the tracks in front of the train. He jumped off the platform and saved the child from under the train wheels. The boy's father happens to be the stationmaster. He was very grateful and offered to teach Tom to be a telegraph operator. After he closed the station at night, he gave him lessons four times a week. Three weeks later, Edison became a better telegraph operator than his teacher.
Edison was stable and independent for his age, but he changed his mind and was very careless about his clothes. He began to wander from one city to another, from one occupation to another. Because his ideas are too bizarre to satisfy the people who employ him, employers often let him pack up and leave. During this period, he worked in Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Memphis and Louisville.
Edison went to Boston, where he got a job as a telegraph operator, mainly because his application letter was neatly written. When he appeared in Boston, he was disheveled and behaved strangely, so that the invigilator asked him to take the telegraph technology test later that day, in order to deliberately set questions and let the young man fail the exam. When the telegram came in soon, Edison realized that the staff of the telegraph office were joking with him. They have made an agreement with the telegraph operator in new york to send a telegram to Edison, and it is getting faster and faster, in an attempt to force Edison to admit that he can't copy it so fast. But Edison was not discouraged. Determined to outsmart him, he began to send his own telegram. He said to the telegraph operator in new york, "Come on, don't sleep, work hard!" " "This ended the joke, Edison also won his position, also won the title of the fastest telegraph operator of Western Union.
Edison borrowed some money to go to new york. During his first three years in new york, he almost starved to death. He sleeps in a company's house, which provides stock quotes for enterprises in new york. One day, the machine for printing the gold market stopped. None of the 600 banks and enterprises received the trading information of the day. Edison repaired the machine, so he got a position as a manager with a monthly salary of 300 dollars. He soon worked hard to improve the machine and invented many new parts. The universal printing machine he invented at that time printed all the information about the price of gold, not just a few letters and numbers to show the market. This is his first great success. General Marshall Lefferts, the manager of the Gold Price and Stock Telegraph Company, invested $40,000 to buy this machine and several other inventions of Edison.
Edison used the new money to do business. He opened a factory in Newark, New Jersey. Soon, he hired 150 people to build a machine to record the stock market, and at the same time he continued to experiment with some of his new ideas. At one time, there were 45 different inventions in his laboratory, including several important improvements to the telegraph. He thought of a way to send telegrams from two opposite directions at the same time, and then he thought of a way to send two telegrams from one direction at the same time. 1874, he invented a device and sold it to Western Union Telecom. With this device, four telegrams can be sent on one wire, that is, two telegrams can be sent simultaneously in each direction. He also improved a new method of telegraph. Make it perfect. These inventions saved Western Union millions of dollars in the cost of wires and telephone poles alone.
Western Union also suggested that Edison try a commercial telephone. Alexander bell got a patent for the telephone, but Bell's telephone can only be heard in a short distance. Edison added several improvements and adopted them. These improvements still apply to telephones today. Western Union paid one hundred thousand dollars for several inventions of Edison.
1876, Edison built a workshop and laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Because he made many wonderful inventions there, he was later called "the wizard of Menlo Park". He began to study other people's attempts to understand hot light. He tried soft light for home use again and again. He tried more than 2,000 kinds of materials before finding suitable materials. He needs some kind of material, which can be placed in a glass container that has been evacuated, and can be heated to glow after being electrified. He spent 10 million dollars to find the best materials. He sent people to India, China, Brazil and finally found them in Japan.
1obtained the patent right of electric lamp in June, 880. Edison built a factory to produce electric lights in Menlo Park and a power station in new york. But it was not until fourteen years later that the public really accepted his electric light. Since then, the electric light industry has developed to such a large scale. So when Edison sold his stock of electric light, he got more than one million dollars.
Edison patented 1000 inventions in his life. In order to learn more science and make science serve mankind, he never stopped. His invention may have added more wealth to the world than anyone in history.
193 1 year1October1August, Edison died at his home in orange, new jersey at the age of 84. A few days later, all parts of the United States were blacked out for one minute to commemorate the man who greatly changed and improved the lives of people everywhere with his own inventions.