In Switzerland, not only large enterprises but also small and medium-sized enterprises have at least one world-leading innovative technology. Take drone companies as an example. At present, there are more than 80 UAV-related enterprises in Switzerland. These enterprises are small in scale and have risen rapidly in the past six years, forming the "UAV Valley" in Switzerland. These drone companies are showing a trend of segmentation, whether they are specialized or commercialized. Each UAV company focuses on a specific field, and UAVs developed by different companies meet the application needs of different scenarios. Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne and University of Zurich are at the forefront of the research on flying robots and unmanned aerial vehicles automation systems.
Comprehensive universities, represented by the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, are responsible for basic scientific research. These two universities have strong scientific research strength in the fields of electronics and engineering, and have made important contributions to the improvement of Swiss innovation ability. Many start-ups were born in the cutting-edge research teams of these two universities. Fixposition, founded by Dr. Su Zhongzhen, is dedicated to providing high-precision navigation solutions for self-driving cars. Its core technology is centimeter-level high-precision positioning RTK technology from Zurich Federal Institute of Technology.
One of the top technologies and fields: Swiss robots
The "painter" robot developed in Switzerland consists of more than 2,000 parts, with an accuracy of one hundredth of a millimeter. It can draw the head of Louis XV, the head of King George III and Queen Charlotte of England, and the butterfly controlled by Cupid. The skillful movements and attentive eyes of Swiss robots are lifelike, and they can even gently blow off the residual pencil ash on the paper from time to time.
The Swiss "musician" robot is a girl in Rococo costume. It consists of more than 2,500 parts and can play five songs on an organ with 48 pipes. When fingers are on the keyboard, her body will swing gracefully. If you look closely, you can even see her breathing through her chest. After a song is played, the robot will nod to the audience.
For example, among the various clocks and watches collected in the Forbidden City, there is a treasure of the town hall, which is claimed to be Qianlong's favorite, that is, the copper-plated writer Zhong from the famous Swiss workshop Jaquet- Workshop.
It is worth mentioning that this Swiss robot is a gentleman dressed in exotic European clothes, kneeling on one knee, with a humble expression, and his right hand hanging down his wrist in a standard posture. After winding the string, he will slowly write eight Chinese characters on the paper in front of him: "From all directions, nine soils come to the king". The font of Chinese characters written is Zhao Mengfu-style regular script, which is the favorite of Emperor Qianlong. The characters are beautiful and the brushwork is both fascinating and amazing.
It is worth mentioning that Switzerland has been rated as the most innovative country in the world by Cornell University, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the European Business School in Paris for seven consecutive years. A country with a population of only 8 million has the highest proportion of peer-reviewed scientific publications in the world. ETH and EPEL have trained 2 1 Nobel Prize winners, including Einstein, and are the top universities of science and engineering in the world and Europe, especially in the field of robotics. It can be said that world-class professors and a large number of high-quality talents gather here.
Swiss ABB industrial robot giant belongs to one of the four largest robot families in the world, and its representative work is Mi language. Another example is the maxon motor in Switzerland, which used to be a Mars probe. Banjarmasin re40 has become the standard driving motor of exoskeleton robot in the world.
Swiss medical rehabilitation robot Hocoma firmly dominates the global medical rehabilitation field. Its classic products include Lokomat automatic robot gait evaluation system and Armeo upper limb rehabilitation robot. For example, Swiss quadruped robot ANYmal, which looks like a big Boston dog, can be used to assist in search and rescue missions.
The earliest writing robot in the world originated in Switzerland. 18 In the 1970s, three robot dolls made by Swiss watchmaker Pierre Jia Kai-droz and his assistant were century classics, and now they are also high-level. Although these robots are over 240 years old, they have a childish appearance. One can write, one can draw and the other can play the organ.
The Swiss invented the indoor test drone. For example, FLYABILITY's indoor testing UAV uses the most advanced functions in the world to capture accurate data, replacing human beings to complete detection quickly and accurately in a closed space, and is widely used in chemical industry, thermal power plants, municipal facilities, fire safety and other fields.
Top technology and field 2: Swiss precision machine tools
Swiss machine tools are very good in the world. For a long time, Swiss machine tool exports ranked in the top five in the world, and the per capita foreign exchange earned by machine tool exporters ranked first in the world for nearly 30 years. More than 65,438+050 countries in the world are long-term users of Swiss machine tool products. Especially precision machine tools, are favored by people all over the world.
"Swiss Machine Tool" enjoys a worldwide reputation. As one of the German-speaking countries, the Swiss strictly and conscientiously follow the "artisan spirit" of the German-speaking countries, and are persistent in striving for perfection. Someone once asked a Swiss boss, "Aren't you afraid that I will take apart the products of your company and your whole company to do reverse engineering?" He says "try", you try. The machines of Swiss companies are all made by hand, and no one in the world can copy them. There are key parts and processes, including some molds and spare parts in key places, which are hand-polished by Swiss bosses. Swiss machine tool industry is the first echelon in the world, and it belongs to super-class players: Michelangelo (watch equipment), Bao Mei (watch equipment), Wilming (watch equipment), Strage and Lijite. Swiss machine tools are almost impeccable in appearance, design level and innovation, processing ability and accuracy. Precision work, Excellence, machine tool processing accuracy is extremely high, but the output is very low.
The famous Swiss machine tool brands are:
Starrag, GF, Willemin-Macodel SA, Mikron Group, Tornos, Fehlmann, Reishauer, BUMOTEC, Liechti, Schaublin Machines SA, Faessler, ERNST-GROB, Rambo Tewarie, Studer, Affolter, Precitrame Machines SA, ESCO, Rego.
Top technology and field 3: mechanical and electrical equipment
Switzerland still enjoys a world reputation in the field of advanced manufacturing. ABB Group is a world-renowned Swiss industrial giant, and is a manufacturer of power generation equipment, high-voltage transmission equipment, power distribution equipment and electric locomotives. Its market share in this field ranks second in the world and first in the motion control market. At the same time, it is also one of the four largest robot manufacturers in the world.
Schindler Group, the world's largest escalator manufacturer and the second largest elevator supplier in Switzerland, was also born in Switzerland. It was founded by Robert Schindler in 1874 and has a history of 150 years. The group has more than 90 holding companies in more than 0/00 countries and regions around the world. According to incomplete statistics, more than 10 billion people take Schindler's elevators and escalators every day.
Switzerland also owns textile machinery from Sura Group and Rieter Company, stamping machinery from Fentour Company, EDM machinery from Archie Xia Mier Company and food processing machinery from Buhler Company. , are excellent products of the same kind in the world.
MEM industry (electrical and metal industry) in Switzerland is an important pillar industry in Switzerland. MEM industry has about 65,438+3,000 enterprises, 98% of which are small and medium-sized enterprises, with a total employment of 320,000 people, including 20,000 apprentices, which is the industry that provides the most jobs.
Top technology and field 4: precision medical equipment
Switzerland is very famous in the subdivision of medical equipment in the world. Small Switzerland has about 740 enterprises in the world, such as the famous Synthes (medical devices) and Sonova (Sonova), which are world-renowned. Their products, such as surgical instruments, dentures, heart stents, artificial joints, hearing AIDS and laboratory instruments, are world-leading. For example, the medical absorbable surgical suture in Allen, Switzerland, was once the successful supplier of the World Health Organization.
Top technology and field five: biotechnology
Switzerland has world-famous biotechnology giants: Roche and Novartis. Roche Pharmaceuticals is the largest pharmaceutical company in Switzerland, and it is a world leader in anti-tumor drugs. Its competition object is the famous American Pfizer, and the two companies have been fighting for the throne of the world's largest pharmaceutical company all the year round. Novartis Switzerland is the second largest pharmaceutical company in the world, established in 1996. After merging with Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz, the history of Novartis and its predecessor companies can be traced back to 250 years ago. Novartis has a diversified business portfolio, such as innovative drugs, eye care, generic drugs widely used in clinic, preventive vaccines and diagnostic equipment, over-the-counter drugs and animal health products.
There are many other world-class pharmaceutical companies in Switzerland, such as Serono, a biopharmaceutical company once known as the top three in the world together with Amgen and Genentech, and small and medium-sized pharmaceutical companies such as Acteli on, Barcelona Pharmaceutical, Abida and Addex. It can be seen that the level of biotechnology in Switzerland is very high.
It is worth mentioning that, in terms of population proportion, Switzerland has the highest density of biotechnology enterprises in the world. A report entitled "Swiss Biotechnology: Action Plan" published by the Swiss federal government this month said that the research level of Swiss biotechnology is higher than the EU average.
Top technology and field 6: health technology
Switzerland is the earliest biotechnology anti-aging technology in the world. For example, the well-known Swiss sheep placenta extract. It is worth mentioning that Switzerland's technology in medical beauty, plastic surgery and minimally invasive surgery is also at the world's leading level. In particular, detoxification in vivo, cell anti-aging and medical beauty are also medical advantages of Switzerland. Switzerland used to be one of the most livable countries in the world and one of the countries with the longest life expectancy in the world. It was once known as the "European Royal Anti-aging Holy Land", and nine natural environmental indicators such as air and water ranked first in the world. Switzerland's medical technology has also been leading the world. Switzerland has become one of the most popular health resorts in the world.
Genolier Swiss Medical Network (GSMN) is the only private hospital group listed in Switzerland. Enjoy the reputation of "the best private medical institution in the world". GSMN hospital pioneered the analysis model of "human immune system-cancer risk" in the world; GSMN hospital is the only hospital in the world that can use IORT intraoperative radiotherapy. The cancer cure rate of GSMN Hospital is as high as 92%, ranking first in the world. In addition to scientific research, PSI has the only proton therapy center in Switzerland.
Top technology and field 7: top research institutions
The Swiss Paul Scheler Institute (PSI) was established in 1988, located on the banks of the Aale River between Zurich and Basel in northern Switzerland. It is the largest national research institute in Switzerland and a multidisciplinary scientific and technological research center. PSI focuses on the fields of material structure, energy environment and human health, and has many large-scale scientific research equipment, some of which are unique not only in Switzerland but also in the world.
Top technology and field 8: chemical technology
Switzerland's chemical industry is very developed, and it is also an important pillar of Swiss industry. In addition to drugs that account for about 2/5 of the output value of the chemical industry, dyes, pesticides, balsams and essences are also very important in the international market. For example, Ciba Specialty Chemicals, a world-renowned fine chemical manufacturer in Basel, Switzerland, is a famous global chemical giant.
Ciba Specialty Chemicals was established in 1997, formerly known as the Fine Chemical Department of Ciba -Geigy Company. It has 79 branches in 28 countries, with 19300 employees, and 24 research centers related to fine chemicals in 12 countries. According to the global industry competitiveness index report of BAK Economics, Switzerland ranks second with the score of 1 19.5, second only to the United States (120.9), with the total score of 120.2 in pharmaceutical field and1/kloc-in chemical field.
Top technology and field 9: clean technology
Switzerland occupies a leading position in the field of clean technology. Switzerland is the first European country to enact environmental protection law, and has formulated extensive environmental protection laws and regulations. There are many small and medium-sized clean technology enterprises in Switzerland, and the number of employees in the clean technology industry has increased by 25% in the past five years, accounting for 5.5% of the total Swiss labor force and almost 5% of Switzerland's GDP. It is worth mentioning that Switzerland ranks first in the world in terms of per capita clean technology patents. For example, in 2020, Swiss engineering group ABB also joined the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance, and will cooperate with governments and other alliance members to expand the hydrogen value chain throughout Europe.
Switzerland's energy and power sector mainly relies on hydropower, because the Alps cover nearly two-thirds of the country's land and provide many large mountain lakes and artificial reservoirs suitable for hydropower.
As early as 20 19, about 75% of Switzerland's terminal electricity consumption came from renewable energy (74% in 20 18), of which large-scale hydropower generation accounted for 66%, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, small-scale hydropower generation and biomass power generation accounted for 8.4%, and nuclear power generation accounted for 19%. Especially with the increase of nuclear power generation, Switzerland has changed from a net importer of electricity to a net exporter.
Top technology and field 10: UAV technology
Switzerland has many innovations in the field of drone ecosystem and intelligent aircraft. According to various global ranking indexes, Switzerland is one of the most innovative and competitive countries in the world. Switzerland has the world's leading UAV start-ups and mature enterprises, such as sensing and analysis, industrial inspection, safety and traffic control, high-altitude UAVs, entertainment and humanitarian relief.
Switzerland is one of the pioneers in the field of UAV technology and has positioned itself as a leading research and innovation center. In the past six years, the "UAV Valley" in Switzerland has attracted more than 80 start-ups and created more than 2,500 jobs, many of which were hatched by top research institutions such as ETHZ and EPFL. Swiss drones are used in many fields, including public safety, agriculture and humanitarian assistance in crisis areas. Switzerland has also incorporated the use and safety of drones into its aviation and data privacy.
Another example is the famous Neurodrone, which is a stealth drone developed by Switzerland, led by France and jointly developed by Sweden, Italy, Spain and Greece. It is a multifunctional unmanned combat platform integrating reconnaissance, surveillance and attack. It looks like a B2 ghost bomber, and the size of neurons on the radar screen is no more than a sparrow. Neuron UAV can fly independently without receiving any instructions and self-correct in complex flight environment.
Top technologies and fields 1 1: financial industry
Swiss banks, especially private banks, have always been regarded as the safest banks in the world. Switzerland is a small country with a small population. Whether in asset management, insurance management or as a trading platform for raw materials, it is one of the leading financial centers in the world. Switzerland's banking, insurance, securities market and gold market are the four pillars of Switzerland's financial industry and an important engine of the Swiss economy.
Switzerland's financial industry has advanced trading methods. During the period of 1995, the Swiss Stock Exchange took the lead in launching the online electronic trading system in the world. At the same time, Switzerland is the world's largest gold refining country, with the world's largest per capita gold reserve, and 40% of the world's gold transactions are conducted in Switzerland. Zurich is the second largest gold trading market in the world.
As a trade center, Switzerland has become one of the most important trading platforms for raw materials in the world. Some raw material companies belong to one of the largest sales companies in Switzerland and are in a leading position in the world. Raw material trade once occupied 94% of Swiss entrepot trade. This is equivalent to about 3.5% of GDP. The commodities traded include nearly 60% energy materials, 20% mineral raw materials and 15% agricultural and forestry products.
There are 266 banking institutions in Switzerland. The five most important banks are UBS Group AG, Credit Suisse Group, Ye Xiaokai Eisen, Zurich Bank and Postal Finance Bank. The assets of the three major banking institutions (UBS Group AG, Credit Suisse Group and Zurich Bank) account for half of the balance sheets of various banks.
Top technology and field 12: watch industry
Switzerland is a famous "watch kingdom". Due to the lack of resources, Switzerland attaches great importance to the production of industrial products with less materials, high value, high precision and easy export, such as precision machinery, watches and clocks. Clocks and watches, in particular, have been regarded as the way to make money by the Swiss because of their low raw materials and high prices. In Switzerland, watch factories are almost all over the country. The capital Bern and major cities Zurich, Geneva and Basel all have developed watch industry, and almost every family is related to watches. Most of the world famous watches come from Switzerland, and the export volume of watches in various countries has always ranked first in the world.
As early as 1800, the total output of watches and clocks in the world reached 25 million, of which Swiss watches and clocks accounted for two thirds, leading the world. 1978, the Swiss smh Group produced a prototype with a thickness of only 2mm, which was the thinnest quartz watch in the world at that time. Swatch Group is the largest watch group in the world. Swatch has 18 brands, including Breguet, Omega, Tissot, Longines, Radar, Calvin Klein, Chevrolet, Mido, Pierre Ba Erman, Blancpain and Swatch.
Top technology and field 13: driverless racing technology
Swiss AMZ Racing Company has launched a global driverless racing car with super acceleration capability, with a weight ratio of 0.86kW/kg, even exceeding that of a super sports car. This product also won the championship in the 20 18 German-Italian formula racing competition for college students. Fixposition invented a precise positioning system with high precision, high reliability and multi-scene adaptability. Accurate real-time dynamic satellite positioning and keen computer vision technology complement each other to achieve perfect multi-sensor fusion and promote the development of new robot applications and related services.
Top technology and field 14: Swiss army knife and gizmos
The "Swiss Champion" was once considered by the world to be the most versatile and widely used model. It is most suitable for outdoor travel, tourism exploration, tourism vacation, camping and other occasions. Because of its comprehensive functions and exquisite design, you seem to have a real universal toolbox, with one knife in your hand, and it is an ideal device to combine various applications like magic when needed. It is also a classic representative of the Swiss Army Knife, and has been collected as a "world design classic" by the Museum of Modern Art in new york and the Museum of Applied Art in Munich.
Another example is the "micro-pro" yellow 1 1-in- 1 lighting tool pliers invented by Swiss small technology, which is unique among similar products. Clever design combines the mini-tool pliers with LED white light, effectively using every precise link to solve your daily troubles. Convenient and practical is its characteristic. As long as it is clipped on the key ring, it can be carried with you, whether it is locking the screw peak or clipping the wire metal, it can be easily solved. The main body of this model is an LED flashlight, which can provide great help when you encounter dim light.
Top technology and field 15: Swiss education industry
Switzerland is one of the countries that are most willing to invest in education. Every year, 65,438+00% of the Swiss federal budget is invested in education. When it comes to Swiss education, we have to mention Swiss high school education. Unlike our current high school education, which focuses on theory and examination, high school education in Switzerland is vocational education. However, almost all students complete this stage of education by way of apprenticeships or staying in school. Apprenticeship education in Switzerland includes field training for specific occupations, which lasts for 3-4 years, and the training time in each field is different. Apprentices work in the company, and at the same time, they also study theory in specialized schools in the same field as the company (65438+ 0 to 2 days per week). This perfect combination of sufficient theoretical knowledge and direct work experience enables apprentices to find suitable job opportunities after successfully completing the training.
Because of this, Switzerland has formed a pattern of "small country, big technology" and become a creative base of the world's top technology. In terms of population, Switzerland ranks first in the world in terms of per capita Nobel Prize winning rate and per capita patent number.
Top technologies and fields 14: tourism
In the latest ranking of tourism competitiveness of countries in the world released by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Switzerland ranks first and is rated as the most attractive country for tourism development. Switzerland is a pioneer in the development of tourism and a world-famous developed country. After more than 200 years of development, tourism has become a pillar industry of Swiss national economy. In recent years, tourism revenue has exceeded 20 billion Swiss francs, surpassing the Swiss watch industry and banking industry. In 2004, the total tourism revenue of Switzerland was 24.8 billion Swiss francs, which once accounted for 5.6% of GDP. The development of Swiss tourism firstly benefits from its unique tourism resources.
Switzerland is a landlocked country with a small land area, but its unique tourism resources and services attract tourists from all over the world. Every year, more than 60 million overnight visitors visit Switzerland, which has become an important international tourist destination. According to the report of the World Economic Forum, Swiss tourism revenue accounts for about 6.2% of the gross national product, which is much higher than that of German tourism. According to the data of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Switzerland is one of the 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world, despite its small land area. In Ernst & Young; According to Young Consulting, Switzerland is the most attractive business place for foreign entrepreneurs in Europe.
The reason why Switzerland won the title of No.1 in the world is inseparable from the high scores obtained by health categories, drinking water sanitation, railway infrastructure and hotel management schools. In addition, Switzerland has been rated as the safest country, and six scenic spots have been named as World Cultural and Natural Heritage by UNESCO. Switzerland's environmental protection law is also evaluated as the strictest and most effective.