in p>19, Beiyang newspaper bureau published the tobacco planting method written by Xu Shulan, a native of Shaoxing, and introduced the tobacco planting method in Xinchang.
In p>191, 13 British tobacco companies jointly established Imperial Tobacco Company.
in September, 192, British American tobacco companies jointly established a tobacco trust organization-British American Tobacco Company. Headquartered in London and new york. The chairman is Duke, the American tobacco king.
In p>193, British American Tobacco Company of World Cigarette Trust set up a factory in China to produce and sell cigarettes locally.
In p>194, the Qing government sent a reply to the British ambassador, agreeing that cigarettes made by British American Tobacco Company in China should be taxed according to cut tobacco (.45 taels per kilogram). This letter is called "Celebrating the Prince Contract".
in the same year, Japan further strengthened the monopoly system, and on the basis of monopolizing the cultivation and purchase of tobacco leaves in 1899, the national tobacco factories were brought under the management of the government.
In p>195, Jian Zhaonan and Jian Yujie established Nanyang Tobacco Company in Hong Kong with a capital of HK$ 1,. In 199, he moved to Shanghai Normal University, renamed Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company, and launched "Pegasus" and "Airship" brand cigarettes.
in p>197, a.c. monk company, an American company specializing in tobacco trade, was established.
in p>1911, the Russian businessman old Barto established the old Barto father and son tobacco co., ltd in Harbin, which was annexed by British American tobacco company in 1914.
in p>1912, Moleyns company was established, which mainly designed and manufactured cigarette packaging machines.
in p>1913, the Camel brand cigarette designed and produced by R.J.Beynolds Industrial Company came out, which followed the footsteps of American soldiers all over the world during World War II.
In the same year, British American Tobacco Company successfully planted American flue-cured tobacco in Weifang, Shandong, Fengyang, Anhui and Dengxian, Henan.
In p>1914, China tobacco was exhibited and won the gold medal at the World Expo to celebrate the Panama Canal.
in p>1915, the Beiyang government promulgated the "Provisional General Rules for National Tobacco and Alcohol Sale" and the "Organic Law on Tobacco and Alcohol Sale Stacks", and established the National Tobacco and Alcohol Sale Bureau, and the same institutions were set up in all provinces. The national tobacco and alcohol sale institutions decided the price of the public sale and notified it to all localities for implementation, and the revenue from the public sale belonged to the central finance.
In p>1916, Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company set up a cigarette factory in Shanghai. In 1918, it was reorganized into Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Co., Ltd. and registered with Beiyang government. The enterprise center was moved from Hong Kong to Shanghai.
in p>1919, Philip Morris tobacco co., ltd was established in Virginia, USA.
in p>1924, Celanese Company of the United States was established. The company was established and set up a factory to produce acetate fiber tow according to the acetate fiber tow developed by the scholar Camille Dreyfus.
In the same year, American Reader's Digest published an article entitled "Is tobacco harmful to human body?" This is the first article about "smoking and health", which has attracted the attention of the world.
In the same year, Philip Morris Company developed a hybrid Marlboro brand cigarette, which became popular all over the world.
In p>1927, the British doctor F. E. Thulden wrote in the medical magazine Scalpel that every lung cancer patient he saw or heard smoked.
In p>193, Qianjin Company in Leiston, Germany introduced a cigarette machine that produced 1,8-2, cigarettes per minute.
in the same year, Italy's sasib SPA company was established, which mainly produces cigarette machine equipment.
In p>1934, Yizhong Tobacco Co., Ltd. was established and acted as the sales agent of British American Tobacco Company in China.
In p>1938, when botanist Cai Xitao moved to Yunnan from the anti-Japanese war, he successfully planted flue-cured tobacco "Dajinyuan" seeds in Virginia, USA. After liberation, "Dajinyuan" has become the best variety of all tobacco in China-Yunnan No.1 after years of cultivation.
In the same year, a biology professor at Johns Hopkins University surveyed 6,813 people, and found that 66% of non-smokers lived over 6, while only 46% of smokers.
In 1941, during the Second World War, President Roosevelt declared that tobacco was an important crop, and tobacco growers could postpone military service.
in p>1942, the first tobacco factory in Yunnan, Kunming Yaxiya Tobacco Factory, was established. Geng Jin, the owner of the factory, named a cigarette brand "9 9" to commemorate the day when his brother Geng Enyang led his troops to follow the armed uprising of General Cai E (October 3, 1911, that is, September 9 of the lunar calendar). It means a bumper harvest in September, wishing the country prosperity and the people an peaceful future.
In the same year, the Kuomintang government promulgated the Provisional Regulations on Tobacco Monopoly in Wartime, which was the first official regulation on tobacco monopoly in China. The regulations stipulate that the scope of tobacco monopoly is paper cigarettes, cigars, flue-cured tobacco and other cigarettes and cigarette paper with mechanism or imitation mechanism. In addition to determining the government's exclusive right, the regulations only adopt a control policy for the production, transportation and marketing, and others are still private production, commercial transportation and commercial marketing.
in p>1945, after the second world war, after the defeat of Germany, a unique trading method emerged in the occupied areas of the US military. Cigarettes replaced the devalued Imperial Mark and became a substitute currency for daily business activities.
In p>1946, the North American Tobacco Chemistry Research Society held its first meeting; Haoni company was established, mainly engaged in the production of hood equipment.
In p>1948, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported that from a psychological point of view, tobacco can relieve mental stress, so there is no need to object.
In the same year, the patent of leveler appeared in tobacco machinery, and the cigarette machine has been greatly improved since then.
in p>1949, the tobacco chemists' research society was established. In October, the Agricultural Research Office of the Agricultural Research Institute of the US Department of Agriculture held a tobacco seminar. At the meeting. Sixty-seven experts from various disciplines discussed how to improve the scientific and technological level of tobacco production and processing, and held a meeting once a year. In 1951, it was officially named the seminar of tobacco chemists.
In p>195, Zhonghua brand cigarette produced by China Tobacco Company was born. The packaging box of this brand was marked by the solemn and lofty Tiananmen Square and Huabiao, and has been a symbol of "national cigarette" ever since.
In p>1951, the first World Cigarette Conference was held in Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. About 5 countries participated in the meeting, which discussed tobacco cultivation technology, economy and the influence of cigarettes on human body.
In p>1952, Yizhong Tobacco Company was transferred to Shanghai Zhonghua Tobacco Company.
In p>1953, Ronald Reagan appeared in an advertisement, with a cigarette in his mouth, saying, "Smoking is not uncomfortable."
In p>1954, the Royal Medical Association published the "Report on Smoking and Health" for the first time, which linked smoking with lung cancer and attracted the attention of the medical community and all sectors.
in p>1955, the U.S. federal trade commission banned the claim of health benefits in cigarette advertisements.
In the same year, Germany Fokker Company was established, mainly producing packaging machines for tobacco industry.
In p>1956, representatives of 24 organizations from 18 countries gathered in Paris and formally established the "Tobacco Scientific Research Cooperation Center", with its secretariat in Paris. In 1986, it has developed into an international organization with 141 groups from 57 countries and regions.
In the same year, due to the invention of the method of suction molding, the cigarette machine designed by British Moline Company based on this principle opened a new chapter in the cigarette industry, marking the beginning of large-scale mechanized cigarettes.
In p>1957, a research group jointly established by American Cancer Heart Institute, American Cancer Research Association and American Heart Association clearly announced that smoking has a direct or causal relationship with lung cancer.
In p>1962, the Royal Society of Internal Medicine published the report "Smoking and Health", which provided the evidence that smoking was the main cause of lung cancer for the first time, and since then, a verbal battle between smoking ban and tobacco production has been launched.
In p>1963, 25 Swedish scientists initiated an anti-smoking campaign and established the National Association on Smoking and Health. China Tobacco Industry Company was established, which implements highly centralized and unified management of tobacco, cigarette production, tobacco leaf purchase, redrying, allocation, distribution, unified management, and integration of production and supply. After rectification, the number of cigarette factories nationwide has increased from 14 to 61.
in p>1964, based on more than 6, papers, the U.S. Department of Health first put forward a report on "Smoking and Health". The conclusion is that smoking is an extremely important factor related to disease and death, and immediate measures are needed. This basically settled the debate about whether smoking can promote cancer.
In p>1966, American cigarette packs began to be marked with a warning: "Caution-smoking is harmful to health".
In p>1967, the first international conference on "Smoking and Health" was held in new york. Thereafter, it will be held every four years to promote international cooperation and strengthen smoking cessation.
In p>1969, Council of Europe, which belongs to the World Health Organization, passed a resolution that smoking is seriously harmful to human health, and smoking is prohibited in places where the World Health Organization meets.
in p>1971, the second international conference on smoking and health was held in London.
in p>1971, China began to try to produce medicinal cigarettes, which were later renamed as new mixed cigarettes.
In p>1972, Zuo Tianjue, a Chinese American, published Physiology and Biochemistry of Tobacco in the United States. This book systematically summarizes the relationship between tobacco quality and plant physiological and chemical components.
in p>1973, love gate international company was established, mainly producing and selling tobacco products.
In p>1974, the United Nations Health Organization convened an expert committee to study the health effects of smoking, and the committee put forward three general suggestions and 12 specific strategies to governments and international organizations to reduce smoking among teenagers and help smokers quit smoking.
in p>1975, the third international conference on smoking and health was held in new york.
In the same year, Norway passed a law on restricting the sale of tobacco products.
In the same year, Swedish researchers found that nicotine can improve people's brain function.
In p>1976, the World Health Organization passed a resolution at the World Health Assembly and formulated a policy to promote smoking cessation.
In the same year, the Minister of Health of Simone, France, launched an anti-smoking campaign, which resulted in a 45% decrease in tobacco consumption in France.
In the same year, Finland launched a nationwide smoking and health education campaign, and the Parliament passed a tobacco law.
In p>1977, the American Cancer Society initiated and decided that November 21st was the national smoking cessation day.
In the same year, the Royal Society of Internal Medicine changed smoking and health to smoking or health, and presented the third report.
In p>1978, the second expert meeting of the United Nations World Health Organization issued a report on controlling the smoking plague. The organization's Technical Committee on Smoking and Health concluded that in countries where smoking is widespread, death is caused by smoking.
In p>1979, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Light Industry of China jointly issued a notice, and with the approval of the State Council, the "Notice on Promoting the Harmfulness of Smoking and Controlling Smoking" was published, which showed the policy and position of the Chinese government on smoking control.
In p>198, Dr. Mahler, Director-General of the World Health Organization, made a speech about designating April 7th as the Day of Quitting Smoking, calling for a worldwide campaign to "choose whether to smoke or be healthy".
In the same year, some scientists found that protein could be extracted from the green tissue of tobacco, which opened up a new way for the application of tobacco in human life.
In p>1981, the World Health Organization held a conference on smoking control in developing countries in Colombo, and put forward the call that it is necessary to realize the goal of no smokers in 2 in order to make everyone enjoy health.
In 1982, the Ministry of Light Industry of China issued the Notice on the Formal Establishment of China Tobacco Corporation, and decided to formally establish China Tobacco Corporation from January 1982, implementing centralized management of production, supply and marketing, people and property, thus formally establishing the tobacco monopoly and centralized management system.
In the same year, the United Nations World Health Organization convened the third expert committee to formulate a report on the strategies for smoking control in developing countries.
In p>1983, the Fifth International Conference on Smoking and Health held in Winnipeg, Canada, suggested that cigarettes containing more than 2 mg/cigarette tar should be stopped from being produced and exported worldwide, and all cigarettes and smoking products should be marked with the warning that smoking is harmful to health. And clearly mark the contents of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. The State Council, China issued the Regulations on Tobacco Monopoly on September 23rd of the same year, and decided to establish the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau.
In p>1984, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of China decided to prohibit advertising the sale of cigarettes by all means of publicity.
In the same year, the United States launched a campaign to stop smoking. 31-year-old Derrick Reynolds, the grandson of the tobacco king, gave up smoking and sold his shares in Renault Tobacco Company. Later, he became a spokesman for the American Lung Health Association's anti-smoking campaign.
China Tobacco Corporation formally joined the World Tobacco Scientific Research Cooperation Center, and was elected as a board member in 1986.
In p>1985, with the approval of the State Commission for Economic Restructuring and the China Association for Science and Technology, china tobacco society was established, with Li Yisan, director of the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, as its chairman.
in p>1985, the Japanese government ended the monopoly system and reorganized the government monopoly organization into an enterprise-Japan tobacco co., ltd.
In p>1986, the 39th General Assembly of the World Health Organization passed 22 resolutions on quitting smoking. Many governments in the world have issued notices: no smoking in public places, calling on people not to smoke, advising them to quit smoking, and banning tobacco TV advertisements. The Korean government announced the abolition of the ban on smoking foreign cigarettes, and the Tobacco Monopoly Bureau was reorganized from an official government agency into a state-owned company. The old French monopoly organization was reorganized from a government agency into a nationalized enterprise with private capital.
In p>1987, the United Nations World Health Assembly made a resolution: April 7th is World No Tobacco Day.
in the same year, the first association on smoking and health in China-Beijing Association on Smoking and Health was established.
In p>1988, smoking was banned in 191 stations of Tokyo Metro in Japan. Smoking is prohibited in offices and hospitals of Philippine government agencies; Canada has expanded the scope of smoking ban and banned all kinds of newspapers, radio stations and TV stations from advertising cigarettes; Officials in 67 provinces in Turkey have formulated regulations prohibiting smoking, and the Minister of Health took the lead and some celebrities announced on January 9 that they would smoke their last cigarette on national television. Then Spain, Italy, Australia, Norway and other countries made positive efforts and passed laws to ban smoking in all public places. The British government decided that from 1988 onwards, March 12 every year would be the "National Quit Smoking Day".
In the same year, the 9th International Tobacco Science Conference was held in Guangzhou, China. The meeting was attended by 415 delegates from more than 6 countries and regions on five continents. The theme of the conference is "Tradition and Innovation". * * * published 127 papers at the meeting, including 15 papers by China.
In p>1989, because April 7th was the anniversary of the establishment of the World Health Organization, on this day every year, the World Health Organization proposed a theme of health care requirements. In order not to interfere with the presentation of its health theme, the World Health Organization decided to designate May 31st of each year as World No Tobacco Day. The world was smoke-free this year.