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1. The story of Luban’s invention of the plane
Luban was a carpenter and worked with wood all day long. He is very skilled and is particularly good at using an axe. He can chop wood into the desired shape in just a few strokes. However, Luban couldn't chop the wood smooth with an axe, especially when it came to wood with thick grain and many knots.
In order to solve this problem, Lu Ban thought about it during the day and at night. He first made a thin axe, which he sharpened quickly. The cutting was much better than before, but it was still not ideal.
So Luban sharpened a small, thin axe, and covered it with a piece of iron, leaving only a narrow blade exposed. This time, Luban didn't cut it. He pushed against the wood with the narrow blade. With one push, the wood pushed down a thin layer of wood chips. After pushing for more than a dozen times, the surface of the wood was flat and smooth, which was much better than using an ax to chop in the past.
But when I hold this thing in my hand and push it, it gets stuck in my hand and makes it difficult to exert force. Luban made another wooden base and placed it inside. This is how the plane was born.
2. The story of Lu Ban’s invention of the ink fountain
Lu Ban invented the ink fountain used by carpenters to mark lines. He was inspired by this when he saw his mother using a powder bag to draw lines when cutting clothes. result.
When the ink fountain was first made, Luban had to ask his mother to help him hold one end of the ink thread every time he flicked the thread. Sometimes, my mother would have to put down her clothes or cook and rush to help.
One day, Lu Ban’s mother said to him: “Can’t you be a little spoon and hold the ink line instead of me?” When Lu Ban heard it, he was right! He quickly made one. From then on, one person can play the ink line. Until now, carpenters still call this little hook "the class mother".
3. The story of Cai Lun’s papermaking
When Cai Lun was improving papermaking, he was in charge of supervising the manufacture of various utensils used in the palace. He selected tree bark, tattered linen cloth, old fishing nets, etc., asked craftsmen to chop and cut them, and soaked them in a large pool. After a period of time, the debris inside rotted away, but the fibers were not easy to rot, so they remained.
He then asked the craftsmen to pick up the soaked raw materials, put them into a stone mortar, stir them until they became a slurry, and then use bamboo strips to pick up the sticky stuff. , and after drying, peel it off and turn it into paper. Cai Lun led his craftsmen through repeated experiments to produce paper that was light, flexible, easy to obtain, widely available, and cheap.
In the first year of Yuanxing (AD 105), Cai Lun presented paper to Emperor He of the Han Dynasty. Cai Lun wrote down the method of making paper in a memorial and presented it to the emperor together with the paper. The emperor praised it and ordered it to be used inside and outside the court. After the promotion, all the government offices in the imperial court and all over the country regarded it as a miracle.
Nine years later, Cai Lun was named "Longtinghou" and had 300 households in the city. Since the new papermaking method that was gradually implemented across the country was invented by Cai Lun, people called this paper "Caihou Paper".
Cai Lun's papermaking technology spread to the entire world along the Silk Road through Central Asia and Western Europe, making an indelible contribution to the inheritance and development of world civilization.
4. The story of Dai Zi inventing the Lianzhu Gun
Dai Zi invented a weapon called the "Lianzhu Fire Gun", also called the Twenty-Eight Lianzhu Fire Gun. The back of the gun is a magazine that can store 28 rounds of gunpowder and lead pellets. There are two gun machines, which are connected to each other. When one machine is pulled, the ammunition will fall into the barrel, and at the same time, the other machine is released and fired. It is shaped like a pipa and can fire 28 rounds of bullets continuously.
But Dai Zi did not dedicate the "Lianzhu Gun" to the military camp, but "kept the weapon at home". The reason is said to be that I was frightened by a dream. One night when he was sleeping, Dai Zi had a strange dream. The man in the dream reprimanded him and said that God has the virtue of good life. If you offer this instrument to spread it "in the world", there will be no living people in your descendants. .
5. The story of Bi Sheng’s invention of movable type printing
The early printing method was to engrave pictures and texts on wooden boards and print them with ink. Today’s woodblock watermarks still use this method. , collectively known as "block printing".
Bi Shengchu is a printing shop worker, specializing in manual printing. In his printing practice, he was well aware of the difficulties of block printing, carefully summed up the experience of his predecessors, and invented movable type printing. The method was specifically recorded by Shen Kuo in "Mengxi Bi Tan".
From the 13th century to the 19th century, the movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng spread all over the world.
People all over the world call Bi Sheng a great revolutionary in the history of printing. Regarding Bi Sheng's life story and how he invented the movable type plate, apart from Shen Kuo's records in the book "Mengxi Bi Tan", no other documentation can be found.
Shen Kuo only said that he was a commoner, but did not explain anything about his place of origin or life story. The so-called commoners literally refer to ordinary people who have never been an official. Regarding Bi Sheng's occupation, some people have made various speculations before, but the most reliable theory is that Bi Sheng should be a craftsman engaged in engraving and printing.
Because only those who are familiar with or proficient in engraving technology can become the inventors of movable type. During Bi Sheng's long-term engraving work, he discovered that the biggest disadvantage of engraving is that every time a book is printed, it must be re-engraved, which not only takes a long time, but also increases the cost of printing.
If you use a movable type plate instead, you only need to carve one set of movable type, and you can print any book, and the movable type can be used repeatedly. Although the project of making movable type is larger, it will be very convenient for printing books in the future. It was under this inspiration that Bi Sheng invented the movable type plate.
Answered on 2019-07-07
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