The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches. The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.
Vernacular translation: The bright moon on the horizon rose to the treetops, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches. The cool evening breeze seems to bring cicadas in the distance. In the fragrance of rice flowers, people are talking about the harvest year, and there are waves of frogs in their ears, as if talking about the harvest year.
This article is taken from Entomology by Jean-Henri casimir Fabres.
Extended data
Writing background:
Insect Tales is a long biological work by Jean-Henri casimir Fabres, a French entomologist and writer, with a total of ten volumes. The first volume was first published in 1879, and the whole book was first published in 1907.
This work is an insect biology book, which summarizes the species, characteristics, habits and mating habits of insects, records the real life of insects, expresses the spirituality of insects in struggle for existence, and also records Fabers' motivation, life ambition, knowledge background and living conditions of being obsessed with insect research.
The author combines the colorful life of insects with his own life feelings, treats insects with a human attitude, and reveals his respect and love for life between the lines.
Entomology is a book about insect life, involving dung beetles, ants, Sisyphus worms and so on 100 kinds of insects. There are still millions of unknown insects to be discovered and recognized by human beings. /kloc-in the middle of the 9th century, after Fabres taught in a school, he and his children observed all kinds of insects in the field, named them and sang praises to them.
Entomology is divided into ten volumes, and each volume is divided into 17 to 25 chapters. Each chapter describes the life of one or several insects in detail and in depth, and also includes some biographical articles about experiences and memories. In this book, the author describes that small insects obey the laws of nature and make unremitting efforts for survival and reproduction.
Based on his life-long experience and achievements in insect research, the author recorded the instinct, habits, labor and death of several common insects with emphasis on the external morphology and biological habits of insects he observed and studied.
About the author:
Jean Henri Casimir Fabre (1823- 19 15) is a French entomologist and writer. Known by the world as "Homer in the insect world" and "Virgil" in the insect world.
He painted more than 700 pictures of fungi in watercolor, which was deeply appreciated and loved by Provencal poet mistral. He also contributed to the bleaching and dyeing industry and obtained three alizarin patents.
2. Entomology Chapter III Appreciation of Cicada's Good Words and Sentences 1 Some people leave and never come back, so waiting and hesitation are the most ruthless killers in the world.
I become very low in front of you, as low as dust. But my heart likes that flowers come out of the dust. (Zhang Ailing wrote on the back of the photo sent to Hu Lancheng)
3 affection, affection We have everything, but there is no love.
If emotions and years can be torn up and thrown into the sea, then I would like to be silent at the bottom of the sea from now on. I like what you said, but I don't understand. You want to see my silence, but I don't understand.
Love is always a thousand turns. How can you love someone if you have never been abandoned or hurt? Love turns out to be an experience. I hope people will last long. What do you like? How do you feel?
Abstract: Chinese idioms involve termites, ephemera, dragonflies, lice, fleas, mantis, crickets, cicadas, longicorn beetles, fireflies, butterflies, moths, midges, bees and so on.
Some insect names in idioms are not commonly used or have different meanings from the current insect names, such as salamander, stinger, stinger, nymph, nymph, acyl chicken and so on. This paper explains this. This paper also analyzes the morphological and biological characteristics of insects reflected in idioms, as well as some unscientific places in idioms.
Keywords: Chinese idioms; Insects; Morphology; Biology; It shows that insects account for the largest proportion of all animals on the earth and have a very close relationship with human beings, which can also be seen from China's idioms. At present, there are 20 thousand to 40 thousand Chinese idioms in the dictionary. According to the author's statistics, about 1% of them escaped from the behavior, habits or morphology of insects, much higher than those involving other animals.
This paper introduces the retrieval and statistical results of Chinese idioms involving insects, and explains the unique insect names, morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of insects in idioms. The proportion of insect groups involved in idioms and related idioms Through the retrieval and induction of more than 30,000 Chinese idioms, it is found that the insect groups that can be verified in Chinese idioms are: Isoptera (termites); Mayflies; Odonata; Milkweed; Fleas; Mantodia; Orthoptera crickets, crickets, crickets; Cicada of Homoptera; Fireflies and longicorn beetles of COLEOPTERA; Butterflies and moths of Lepidoptera; Hymenoptera bees and ants; Diptera flies, mosquitoes, flies, midges and so on.
There are about 255 idioms related to these groups. In addition, there are about 60 idioms * * * involving "insects" and "moths".
For the above 255 idioms, according to the statistical proportion of the groups involved, the results are shown in figure 1. (Because "insect" is not necessarily an insect, even an insect cannot be sure what group it refers to; "Midge" refers to "moth" in general, and it is impossible to determine what group it refers to.
Therefore, idioms containing "insects" or "moths" do not count. ) 2 Explanation of Special Insect Names in Idioms Because Chinese idioms mostly come from old sayings, some insect names are different from those commonly used now, and even modern people rarely know them.
This paper lists such representative idioms and explains the names of insects with various materials. 2. 1 is another name for cicada; Spine is a kind of cicada, with a small body, a bluish green back and a crisp and mellow voice.
"Boiling soup" refers to cicada singing and boiling soup rolling, which means disturbing people. 2.2 The "thorn" in Feng Weizhi's axe idiom is different from the "thorn" in the previous idiom and should be the abbreviation of "mantis".
"Leave an axe" means "gladiator axe". "Mantis axe" is the front foot of mantis, so it is named because it is often held high like a man holding an axe.
"Weifeng" refers to the thorn of a hedgehog. The metaphor of "killing an axe at a charge" is weak.
2.3 Cicada is a kind of cicada with small body, square head, wide forehead and patterns. "A cicada's head flies with a moth's eyebrow" describes the beauty of a woman's face.
2.4 Mayflies shake trees, and they are big ants. 2.5 "Midge" here refers to "salamander", that is, the larva of longicorn beetle.
In modern times, "grubs" generally refer to grubs, that is, the larvae of scarabs. "Chu waist collar" describes a woman with a slim figure and a white neck.
2.6 Butterflies complain that "flies" refer to crickets or locusts. "Butterfly is bitter and sad" is a metaphor for homesickness.
In the name of modern entomology, "Hemiptera" is a rare insect in China. 2.7 Well frog acyl chicken is a kind of midges or gnats that live on wine vinegar or sour wine.
"Well frog acyl chicken" is a metaphor for poor vision and shallow knowledge. 2.8 moths attach themselves to bees. Here, "moth" and "ant" are connected.
"Moth with bee" refers to gathering like ants and bees, and it has various descriptions. The morphological, biological and ecological characteristics of insects in Chinese idioms are used to refer to people or things, and most of them use the biological characteristics of insects.
3. 1 Morphological characteristics of insects in Chinese idioms Some Chinese idioms explicitly apply some morphological characteristics of insects, such as body shape, body color, head shape, compound eyes, beak, antennae, wings and feet. It is not clear what insects or parts are used in a few idioms related to insects.
Textual research and summary are as follows. 3. 1. 1 Insects in Chinese idioms are mostly smaller. 3. 1.2 means that people and things are not as good as 3. 1.3, and some are not as good as 3. 1.5.
Such as "Mayflies shake trees", "Small profits", "The name of flies 3. 1.6 Snail profits", "Mosquitoes fly to mountains", "Flies fly to ears" and so on. 3. 1.7 Most of the HYMENOPTERA bees have a narrow connection between the chest and abdomen. 3. 1.8 is called "thin waist", and 3. 1.9 idiom means that people are slender or thin.
Such as "bee waist cuts back", "bee waist ape back" and "bee waist crane knee". 3. 1. 10 The body color of longicorn beetle larvae is white, and the idiom 3.1.1is used to describe the whitening of female neck.
Such as "Chu waist collar". 3. The idiom1.12 is used to describe a woman's face.
Such as "a cicada's head flies a moth's eyebrow" 3. 1. 14 complex 3. 1. 15 eyes, complex 3. 1. 16 eyes are more prominent, 3.1.
For example, The Buzz of Bees. 3. 1.20 mouthparts are sucking mouthparts, 3.1.2/lower lip 3. 1.22 specialized beak tube, 3. 1.23 specialized upper and lower jaws 3./kloc-0. 36637.636363636636
This is the meaning of the word "cicada" in the idiom "cicada and crab". The metaphor of "cicada and crab" is contradictory or the name is 3. 1.27 instead of 3. 1.28.
3. 1.29 The word "moth eyebrow" in the antenna idiom "cicada-headed moth eyebrow" originally refers to the 3. 1.30 slender arc antenna of a moth, and 3. 1.3 1 is a metaphor for the beautiful eyebrows of women. 3. 1.32 wing cicada is light and thin, but 3. 1.33 is transparent.
The "cicada sloughing shirt" in the idiom "cicada sloughing shirt" refers to clothes made of 3. 1.34 thin silk. "cicada unlined upper garment forest belt" is a metaphor for the elegant and gorgeous clothes of 3. 1.35; "Cicada is the most important, and 3. 1.36 Qianjun is the least important" is described as confusing right and wrong.
3. 1.37 mantis's front foot is scratching its feet, 3. 1.38 looks fierce, 3. 1.39 But compared with the powerful force, 3. 1.40 is naturally dwarfed. There are "Feng Wei's axe", "mantis wheel" and "mantis arm blocking the car" in idioms.
4. The good words, sentences and paragraphs in Insect Tale are sudden, uncertain, full of interest, shining, driven by hunger, suffering from thirst, living next to each other, depressed, powerless, breaking out of the cocoon, doing their best to be strong and unyielding, ignorant, cautious, crystal-clear, insignificant, majestic and escaping. Sound like thunder, no doubt, annoying grandiose, born unknown, self-assertion, delicious food, not far away, painstaking, gentle and charming, sharp-edged, self-defeating, face-deadpan, poised, natural and ruthless, triumphant, rude, out-and-out, bizarre, ugly, wolf-like, as thin as. Clear, do your best, the golden cicada comes out of its shell, strong and unyielding, ignorant, cautious, various, crystal clear, insignificant, majestic, the golden cicada comes out of its shell, escapes, ugly, goes through hardships, is desperate, dying, seamless, sighs, warm and comfortable, white and meticulous, energetic, spares no effort and vacillates. Not far away, hard-working, gentle and lovely, extremely sharp, self-defeating, unchanging, poised, natural, ruthless, proud, rude, out-and-out, bizarre, ugly, wolf-like, frivolous, wading through mountains and rivers,
1. If the thief escapes safely, the only effort the owner can make is to admit his bad luck. It wiped its cheek and sucked.
Air, fly away and start over.
2. Their bodies are bulging, like a half pea, and their sheath wings are smooth or fluffy. Usually there are red or yellow stripes on the black coleoptera, or black stripes on the red and yellow coleoptera, but some ladybugs have yellow, red or brown coleoptera without spots. These bright colors are used as warnings to scare away natural enemies.
Analysis: This passage is a passage describing insects in Insect Story. Through metaphor, enumeration and other rhetorical devices, the appearance of insects is vividly displayed to readers, and the reasons why they can "scare off natural enemies" are vividly displayed, which plays a role in clarifying the main idea. I envy and admire its indomitable quality.
As I said, the ancient Egyptians thought that the eggs of sacred beetles were in the sphere I just described. this
I have proved that this is not the case. One day, I stumbled upon the truth of beetle laying eggs.
The part of pear sticking to the floor has been covered with fine sand. The rest, too, have been polished like glass, which
It means that it hasn't rolled the pear carefully, but it's just shaped.
In my own studio, I filled a big glass bottle with earth, made an artificial grave for female beetles, and left it behind.
A small hole to observe its movements, so that I can see all the procedures it works.
6. At this time, its color is red and white. It has to change clothes several times before it turns into sandalwood black.
It becomes darker and harder until it is covered with horny nails. This is a fully grown beetle.
7. At these times, it lived in a pear-shaped nest underground. It is eager to break through the nail nest of the shell and run to it.
Come to the sun. But its success depends on the environment.
Of course, I have done this kind of experiment. It's only a matter of time before I put the dry hard shell in the box and keep it dry.
I heard a sharp friction in the box. This is where the prisoner scraped the wall with a rake on his head and front foot.
For two or three days, there seems to be no progress.
9. After a while, it will eat. Nobody teaches it, but it can do it. Like its predecessors, it will make food into a ball and dig a storage place to store food. It will be fully involved in the work, and there is no need to study at all.
10, and then, it will perform a strange gymnastics, the body leaps in the air, only a little fixed on the old skin, flips the body, makes the head down, straightens the patterned wings outward, and "tries" to open. This is an appropriate attempt to understand.
5. The good words and sentences of the insect note are ignorant, cautious, diverse and crystal clear.
Small, majestic, golden cicada is out of its shell,
Ugly, through hardships, without hesitation, like thunder,
Undoubtedly, annoying and grandiose, born and unknown,
Self-assertion, delicious food, taking the Wan Li Road, taking great pains,
Gentle and lovely, extremely sharp, self-defeating, stubborn,
A calm, natural, ruthless and victorious return,
You're welcome, out and out, strange, in twos and threes,
Ugly, wolf, tiger, leopard, thin as yarn, wading through mountains and rivers,
Perfect after death, self-sighing, warm and comfortable,
White and meticulous, energetic, spare no effort, vacillating,
Incredible, motionless, stay at a respectful distance from sb, without stint,
Then, it will perform a strange gymnastics, the body soaring in the air, only a little fixed on the old skin, turn the body upside down, make its wings full of patterns, straighten out and "try" to open. This is an appropriate attempt to understand.
Cicada and I have lived side by side for fifteen years, and every summer is almost two months long. "They are always in my sight, and the songs are always in my ears." Express the author's love for cicadas.
Their bodies are bulging, like half peas, with smooth or fluffy sheath-like wings. Usually, black coleoptera has red or yellow stripes, or red or yellow coleoptera has black stripes, but some ladybugs have yellow, red or brown coleoptera without spots. These bright colors are used as warnings to scare away natural enemies.
Anyone who has seen mantis will clearly find that its slender waist is very long. Not only is it very long, but it is also very powerful. Compared with its long waist, mantis's thighs are longer. Moreover, there are two rows of very sharp serrated things under its thighs. Behind these two rows of sharp serrated teeth, there are some big teeth, three of them. In a word, mantis's thighs are just two rows of serrated blades. When mantis wants to retract its leg, it can put it between two rows of sawtooth, which is very safe and won't hurt itself.
6. Good words and sentences from Insect Story: Cicada is driven by hunger/suffering from thirst.
When I visited their storage room, I dug with my hand axe. The excavation here is very vivid.
In fact, it "moves" like a miner or a railway engineer. Miners support tunnels with pillars, and railway engineers reinforce tunnels with brick walls. "This sentence is a good metaphor.
Then, it will perform a strange gymnastics, the body soaring in the air, only a little fixed on the old skin, turn the body upside down, make its wings full of patterns, straighten out and "try" to open. This is an appropriate attempt to understand.
Of course, if you want to devote yourself to music, you have to shrink your internal organs to put musical instruments.
Cicada and I have lived side by side for fifteen years, and every summer is almost two months long. "They are always in my sight, and the songs are always in my ears." Express the author's love for cicadas.
"Just shake it a few times, and it will remove the nest of the wasp that has just begun to take shape. It was at this time, in such a short time, that its hive was as big as an acorn, which was really unexpected. They are really magical little animals. " Fully demonstrated the ability of the waist shed bee.
"When it was by the ditch, of course, it would notice this gratifying thing, so it rushed over and took this precious little bit of soil from the water. They won't let go of this season without water.
Hard work in the dark and enjoyment in the January sun are the life of cicadas, and we should not hate the noise and exaggeration in its songs. Because it dug for four years, now it suddenly put on beautiful clothes, grew wings comparable to birds, and bathed in warm sunshine. The sound of the cymbal can be high enough to praise its happiness, so rare and so short.
7. Insects will remember good words, good sentences and good paragraphs. Extract a bit from the encyclopedia. Insects remember the good words: in twos and threes, ugly, wolf and tiger, sudden arrival, wandering, cheerful, shining, driven by hunger, tortured by thirst, living next door, depressed, weak, breaking out of cocoon and clearly trying their best to shed their shells, strong and unyielding, ignorant and cautious. Majestic, golden cicada, clear, try your best, golden cicada, unyielding, ignorant, cautious, various, crystal clear, insignificant, majestic, golden cicada, escape, ugly, hard, without hesitation, dead, seamless, self-sighing, warm and comfortable. Unknown, self-assertion, delicious food, thousands of miles, painstaking, gentle and lovely, natural, ruthless, triumphant return, rude, out-and-out, bizarre, fleeing, ugly, hardworking, without hesitation, thunderous, undoubtedly, annoying and grandiose, born. Self-defeating, face-deadpan, poised, natural, ruthless, triumphant, rude, out-and-out, bizarre, ugly in twos and threes, wolf-like and tiger-like, as thin as gauze, wading through mountains and rivers, narrow escape, seamless, self-sighing, warm and comfortable, white and meticulous, energetic and spare no effort. It lives in a pear-shaped nest underground. It is eager to break through the hard shell and run to the sun. But its success depends on the environment. If the thief escapes safely, the owner can only admit that he is unlucky. It wiped its cheeks, took some air, flew away and started a new stove. The part of pear near the ground has been covered with fine sand. This shows that it hasn't rolled the pear yet, but it's just shaped. At this time, its color is red and white. Before it becomes ebony black, it has to change clothes several times, and the color becomes darker and harder until it is covered with horny nails. In my own studio, I filled a big glass bottle with earth and made an artificial ground for female beetles. So, I can see all the programs that it works. 6. As I said, the ancient Egyptians believed that the eggs of sacred beetles were in the sphere I just described. (Good words and sentences) This has been proved by me not to be the case. One day, I stumbled across the real situation of beetles laying eggs. 7. In a short time, it will eat. No one teaches it, and it will do it, just like its predecessors. When storing food, it will complete its work without learning at all. Of course, I have done this kind of experiment. I put the dry hard shell in the box and keep it dry. Sooner or later, there will be a sharp friction in the box. This is the prisoner scraping the wall on his head and front foot with a rake. After two or three days, there seems to be no progress. 9. Their bodies are bulging. Usually, there are red or yellow stripes on black COLEOPTERA, or black stripes on red and yellow COLEOPTERA, but some ladybugs have yellow, red or brown COLEOPTERA without spots. These bright colors are used as warnings to scare away natural enemies. Appreciation: This passage is a description of insects in Insects, which vividly shows the face of insects to readers through metaphor, enumeration and other rhetorical devices. The reason why they can "scare off natural enemies" is vividly shown, which plays a role in clarifying the main idea. I envy and admire its indomitable quality. Its high-pitched singing like cymbals always echoes in my ears, reminding me to observe the details of its life. Cicada is "hungry" and "thirsty", so I dug it with my hand axe. 59660.88688686112 ",in fact, it" acts "just like a miner or a railway engineer. Miners support the tunnel with pillars, and railway engineers make it strong with brick walls. 13 then, it will perform a strange gymnastics, with its body soaring in the air, only a little fixed on the old skin, tossing and turning. Try to "open" This kind of effort is very appropriate. 14, cicada and I live next door. It has been fifteen years now, and every summer is almost two months long. They never leave my sight, and the songs never leave my ears. Expressed the author's love for cicadas. "5438+05", so many times. Surprisingly, its hive is as big as an acorn. They are really amazing little animals. "Give full play to the ability of bee waist." When it is near the ditch, it will certainly notice this gratifying thing, so it will rush to the water to get this little precious soil. In the absence of water, they will not let go of this extremely rare discovery.
8. Insects remember good words, sentences and main contents. Good word: suddenly, wandering, cheerful, sparkling, driven by hunger, suffering from thirst, living next door to neighbors, very depressed, very weak, breaking out of the cocoon, obviously trying my best. Golden cicada is unyielding, ignorant, cautious, crystal clear, insignificant, dignified and evasive. Without hesitation, loud as thunder, no doubt, I hate exaggeration, birth, obscurity, self-assertion, food, long distance, painstaking, gentle and charming, sharp-edged, self-defeating, face-deadpan, poised, natural, ruthless, triumphant, rude, completely bizarre, 3322, ugly, wolf. The excavation here is very vivid. In fact, it "moves" like a miner or a railway engineer. Miners support tunnels with pillars, and railway engineers reinforce tunnels with brick walls. The metaphor of this sentence is apt. Then, it will perform a strange gymnastics, jumping in the air, only slightly fixed on the old skin, turning over, lowering its head, spreading its patterned wings, straightening out and "trying" to open. This is very appropriate. Of course, if you want to "devote yourself" to music enthusiastically, then you have to shrink your internal organs to place musical instruments. Cicada and I have lived side by side for fifteen years, and every summer is almost two months long. "They are always in my sight, and the songs are always in my ears." Express the author's love for cicadas. "This kind of shaking will remove the nest that has just begun to take shape. It is at this time, in such a short time, that its hive has become as big as an acorn, which is really unexpected. They are really magical little animals. " Give full play to the ability to feed the waist bees. "When it is close to the ditch, it will certainly notice this gratifying thing, so it hurried to get this little precious soil from the water's edge. In the absence of water, they will not easily let go of this extremely rare discovery. "
The famous French entomologist and writer Fabres's masterpiece Insects is also an arduous task. It combines research and life perception into a furnace of life, and his right, as one of various insects, he said, is often used to describe the characteristics of life, which reflects the author's unique vision. Full of the author's respect and love for life. The publication of this book is regarded as the birth of animal psychology. Insects is not only a huge scientific research work on insects, but also a magnificent poem praising life. Fabres devoted his life to the insect world, the natural environment of insect observation and experiment, and the true record of insect instinct and habit. He studied hard and sacrificed his private time to observe insects. "Insects" detailed pictures of insect life: such as spiders, bees, mantises, scorpions, cicadas, beetles, crickets and so on. This has made great contributions to the later generations and the modern civilization of human society.
It is a miracle that a person spends his life observing and studying "bugs"; Silas, who has designed bugs all her life, wrote ten volumes, but it is a miracle. These mistakes are actually the second edition of a version of the book, which has been translated into more than 50 languages and will be circulated in schools until a hundred years later, when the society once again caused a sensation. This is a miracle among miracles. This is a miracle, which makes me deeply feel that human beings do not exist in isolation. All life on earth, including spiders, wasps, scorpions and weevils, are closely related to one system-the food chain of insects, which is also an indispensable part of insect life on this planet and should be respected.