1. Provenance safety risk: insufficient protection of germplasm resources.
First, the loss of germplasm resources is serious. As the third largest country in the world in germplasm resources, China has a wide variety of biological species resources, which are widely distributed. However, many traditional germplasm resources have flowed abroad, and after being transformed by other countries, they first applied for intellectual property rights, occupying China's germplasm resources.
Second, the protection of germplasm resources is not thorough. The third national survey of agricultural germplasm resources found that the loss of local varieties of major grain crops was as high as 765,438 0.8%; According to the second survey of livestock and poultry genetic resources, 15 local livestock and poultry species resources have been extinct, and 19 species are on the verge of extinction. The continuous disappearance of soil species has caused great losses to the diversity of agricultural species in China, and the native biological species resources are at risk of gradual disappearance or even extinction.
Third, the invasion of alien species is serious. According to the 2022 China Ecological Environment Bulletin, more than 660 alien invasive species have been found in China, and the number is increasing year by year. Alien invasive species seriously damage the ecosystem and endanger species safety.
2. Seed breeding safety risk: poor breeding ability.
First, the main body of investment in breeding research and development is not strong. The national public investment is not high, and the phenomenon of "two skins" in scientific research and production is obvious. The enterprise is small in scale and weak in international competitiveness. In 20 18, the market share of the top three seed enterprises in the world was about 50%, while that of 1 186 enterprises with registered capital of over 30 million yuan in China only accounted for 34.7%.
Second, high-tech breeding is monopolized. Compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in the advanced research and development level of seed industry in China. For example, 90% of molecular breeding technology is in the technological power led by the United States. Molecular breeding technology is very easy to be "stuck in the neck" and there is a safety risk of being controlled by people.
Third, the breeding quantity is large and the quality is poor. After years of improvement, the breeding ability of improved varieties in China has been continuously improved. At present, the number of patents applied by China in that year has surpassed that of the United States, but among the 8,379 high-value biological breeding core patents in the world, China only accounts for 46 1 item, and the current situation of "emphasizing quantity over quality" in breeding has not been fundamentally changed.
3. Seed industry promotion safety risks: support policies are not allowed.
First, the use of funds to support the main body is inaccurate. Although the state has attached great importance to seed industry safety in recent years and increased the investment of state-owned scientific research funds, the utilization efficiency of funds is low. More than 80% of seed research and development funds are invested in the research of agricultural science and technology application technology, and less than 20% is really invested in the breeding process, which leads to repeated scientific research, low efficiency and serious homogenization of research and development seeds.
Second, the implementation of support objects is not allowed. The purpose of relaxing the autonomy in the use of funds for seed research projects is to improve the transformation income of scientific and technological personnel's seed research and development achievements. However, in actual implementation, the use of funds is not specified, which may easily lead to the abuse of funds.
Third, the details of policy implementation are inaccurate. The imperfect tort compensation system leads to the low cost of crop infringement, frequent unlicensed operation, counterfeiting and selling, and the flow of fake and shoddy seeds to the market, which seriously infringes on the market environment of seed industry.
4. Public opinion safety risk of seed industry: public perception is biased.
First, the degree of public participation in seed industry development is small. Most people "only care about the results, not the process", and pay more attention to the source of "food", which leads to low attention to the development of seed industry and biodiversity.
Second, the public awareness of seed industry safety protection is weak. At present, the construction of seed industry protection mechanism in China started late, the system construction is not perfect, and the public pays insufficient attention to the protection of seed industry intellectual property rights and germplasm resources.
Third, the public has misunderstandings about transgenic technology. Some developed countries have taken biological breeding as a new strategy for seed industry development. However, there are some misunderstandings about transgenic breeding in our country, and the publicity and popularization of related knowledge of transgenic breeding are low, which greatly restricts the development of biological breeding.