A 300-qubit computer can accommodate everything that has been created since human civilization began, and there are many things in the quantum field that are currently beyond the scope of human cognition. Just say this thing Isn't it great? So Einstein’s words describe it very aptly, saying that this thing is so awesome! Let’s talk about why this quantum computer is so awesome. It is precisely because of the two characteristics of quantum: one is quantum superposition, and the other is quantum entanglement. , these two words seem quite enjoyable to you at first glance, but all the scientists in the world are confused when they mention these two words! So, listen to me chatting with you about this matter today!
First of all, what is quantum? In fact, it is the smallest unit among physical quantities, such as atoms and electrons that are so small that they are indivisible, they are called quantum. So what is a superposition state? Speaking of superposition states, you have to mention the famous experiment that subverted human understanding? Double-slit interference.
This scientist has been arguing about one thing before, whether this light is a wave or a particle. Everyone has their own opinions, so they finally decided to use this experiment to verify it. Leave two seams on the board, and then there is a wall behind it. If it is a wave, everyone has learned it in school. When the wave passes through the two seams of the baffle, two waves will be formed behind it, right? Two waves interfere with each other, that is, the peaks of the waves are superimposed on each other. The peak of the wave is higher, forming a bright line, and then the troughs of the waves are superimposed on each other, making them darker and darker. There is nothing happening at all. The result is One light and one dark, one light and one dark, form a zebra crossing, but if it is a particle, it is different, just like a gun, chug, chug, just like a shotgun, then it must be a line when passing through the gap on the right Thread, the stitched one on the left is another thread, that should be two threads.
This experiment is to replace the shotgun with a photon gun, which shoots out the smallest unit of light, the form of photon. Normally speaking, when you hit the back, it is actually the same as a paintball. Just like a gun, there should be two lines. However, this weird thing started. After you finished the burst, a zebra crossing was made for you. The scientist was still explaining after the incident. It must be that the photon ran back and forth after hitting it, and then jumped back and forth, popping out of this wall of zebra crossing. . This time, I set it to burst fire and fired one shot at a time. There was no need to touch it, and it was easier to press the gun.
As a result, I never expected that I would shoot them one by one. After I finished shooting, there was still a zebra crossing, and everyone’s eyes were straight. I don't believe this evil anymore. I have to see how one shot can make a zebra crossing. There is an electronic eye detection lens in front of this baffle. It doesn't matter if you look at it. Zhidu was overturned. He watched the photons pass through the gap one by one. There were two lines on the wall behind him, right?
So the scientist said, I just said that there must be something wrong with the experiment just now. Before I finished speaking, it turned into a zebra crossing again. Let me go, let alone scientists. The first time I heard about this experiment of two-party officers, I collapsed. Isn't this different from collecting my cell phone when I go to school? When the teacher is observing me, I am studying here. When he is not observing me, I am playing here. How smart I am, what virtues and abilities are particles! There is no life in the world. Is it smarter than me? So so far we can only understand that this is called a quantum superposition state, which is both a wave and a particle. Its spin direction is both this way and that way, and its position is both here and there. , when we don’t observe it, these states of it are like fog, chaotically gathered together, but the moment we observe it, the other states collapse in an instant, collapsing into the one you are currently observing. a state.
Let’s talk about the entangled state of this quantum. If two quanta interact, they will be correlated. Then you take one of the two correlated quanta and send it to him with a rocket. Go to the sky, no matter how far you send it, even to Pluto, and then you look back and observe one of them. At this time, the quantum you observe will collapse and change, right? For example, if it is an electron, and you see that its spin direction is to the left, it will also collapse and change at the same time, and it will collapse to spin to the right, echoing the spin to the left, and this change and echo It happens at the same time. Faster than the speed of light.
So this is called quantum entanglement, which is why quantum computers are so awesome. Its computing power and storage capacity are trillions or even trillions of times that of existing computers. It is because of these two characteristics of quantum computers.
But these computers now rely on the operation of transistors, so the logical operations and language of the computer are only 1 and 0. Just like what I said just now, we can use this pinyin letter one It can be represented by a string, but the computer has to use a long string of 1s and 0s to spell it out. The more complex your calculation and expression methods are, the more 0s and 1s you need, and the more transistors you need. There are many, so there can be billions of transistors on a computer chip now, but qubits are different. They have a superposition state, which is 0 and 1. If there are three hundred such qubits, they How can you express how many transistors the data is equivalent to, do you know? How big is the number equivalent to two to the power of 300? You can check it online or use a calculator, but I bet you that you can’t pronounce this number when you look at it, because it is too big for you to understand, but I can help you describe it. For example, a piece of A4 paper has a thickness of 0.1 mm. If it can be folded in half 100 times, its thickness will be 0.1?2 to the power of 100 mm.
Imagine it! How high is this height? But no matter how high you say it is, I'm sorry you got it wrong. You can try it with an A4 paper! I folded it several times, but I couldn’t fold it anymore. If I could continue folding it, it would be about 10 centimeters after folding it ten times. But how high would it be if it was folded 24 times? 105 meters, thirty or forty floors, so high. But how high do you go to 30 times? 7100 kilometers, the ozone layer has dried up. If you go 50 times, it will cost 110 million kilometers to go back and forth from Dalian to Jinxing. You can walk in a group without checking the clock.
If it is folded 90 times, it is 15 million light-years, 100 times the diameter of the Milky Way. If the exciting time comes when you have folded 100 times, brothers, it is 13.7 billion light-years. It is only 13.7 billion years since the Big Bang. It is said that the day the universe was created, light began to run and has not finished yet. The universe gives you It was so cool, but don’t forget, he also multiplied by 0.1 mm in front, but look, 2 to the power of 100 is ten times larger than this number, and, on the basis of this number, go back Scroll all the way to the 300th power. Look at how big this number is. I dare not even think about it. My head hurts. That’s why I said that this calculator can store all the observable universes since the beginning of human civilization. , because it is big enough. If you look at many science fiction movies, such as "The Matrix", he feels that human beings may live in a huge computer program!