The development history of the pen can be divided into three periods:
(1) The initial period of replacing the pen with a stick: the birth of the pen started from the bare sticks such as branches, sticks and bones used to draw symbols on the ground, but it was this simplest thing that drew the oldest characters of mankind. The ancient Sumerians used this pen to draw world-famous zigzag characters on clay tablets, and charcoal sticks could draw them. Knife and pencil are also rod-shaped, which appeared to deal with hard Oracle Bone Inscriptions and stones. Since the ancients discovered that charcoal sticks can be used to scribble words, this method has been used, and graphite can also be used to scribble. However, whether charcoal sticks or graphite sticks are held in hands, it is very easy to get dirty. Smart humans add a coat to charcoal sticks and graphite sticks, mostly soft wood, which is the pencil now. Its biggest feature is that the handwriting is easy to change, and when the eraser is wiped, the handwriting is completely gone.
(2) Dip pen period: With the development of the writing carrier to cloth and bamboo slips, the period of using the brush instead of the pen came to an end slowly, and the second generation of dip pen began to appear, among which the first one was the brush, which used the bamboo as the pole and the animal's hair as the pen tip. The animal's hair was moderate in hardness and strong in water absorption, but because the brush demanded too much on the pen holding posture and pen carrying speed, another dip pen appeared. It is found that the long feathers on the wings and tails of birds are hard and suitable for hand-holding, and the quill is hollow, so it is quite convenient to dip in ink. Therefore, the quill pen came into being, but it has many shortcomings, such as the amount of water in the quill pen is not easy to control, the handwriting is thick and thin, and the ink can not be dripped on paper.
(3) the period of portable pen: since the mid-198s, pen was invented on the basis of feather pen, which quickly replaced the traditional feather pen and became the main writing tool in the 2th century. Pen, also known as fountain pen, is a portable pen made according to the principle of air pressure. The pen container is a small empty cylinder. When you squeeze it, the air will be exhausted. After you let go, the volume of the space inside will increase, and the pressure will decrease. The greater pressure inside and outside will make the ink suck into the pen container. When writing, the ink pressed in will flow out with the pen tip under the action of gravity, so that you don't have to dip in the ink constantly, which greatly saves time, and it is smooth and convenient to write. Later, you invented a ballpoint pen that is more convenient to write.