Help me to explain the term "geographical discovery"

Geographical discovery refers to the15 ~18th century (also known as the era of great navigation, that is, the opening of new routes), which is the general term for European navigators to open up new routes and "discover" the new continent. This is a great event in the history of geography development. Chronology of geographical discovery 13-65438+ The Travels of Marco Polo was written after the 5th century 1298. The wide spread of this book in Europe aroused Europeans' admiration and greed for oriental civilization and wealth, and finally triggered the discovery of new routes and new continents. 1375, when the map of Catalonia, the most complete navigation map in Europe, was completed. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He, a navigator, went to "western" countries seven times on orders from Ming Dynasty to "show China's prosperity", in order to urge Southeast Asian countries to pay tribute to Ming Dynasty and publicize their national prestige to the world. 14 15 Portugal occupied Ceuta, a Muslim stronghold in North Africa. After 14 15, Prince Henry of Portugal's expedition fleet began to explore northwest Africa, and successively discovered the Canary Islands, Madeira Islands, Azores Islands, and Cape Verde and Cape Verde Islands halfway between Africa and Brazil. 1450, relief printing technology appeared in Europe, and a large number of books were printed, which made knowledge widely spread and was no longer the patent of some monks. Due to the improvement of people's knowledge level, the desire to explore the unknown world is getting stronger and stronger, which provides an ideological basis for the arrival of the era of great navigation. 1453, the Ottoman Turkish Empire captured Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire perished. The land and sea routes to the east are controlled by Turks and Arabs respectively. 1455, Pope Nicholas V issued a privilege order, granting Portugal maritime hegemony. The Japanese Ren Ying Rebellion (~ 1477) began in the Warring States Period. The defeated warriors in the war became ronins, constantly harassing and looting the southeast coast of our country. The suffering of the enemy began and intensified! ! 1480 the beginning of the third generation of great navigation era 1488 Barcelona Samuel Diaz discovered the Cape of Good Hope in Africa 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered the new continent; In the same year, German Martin Beheimer designed the first globe, 1494, and signed the Todd silas Treaty to carve up the world. 1498, vasco da gama arrived in Kallikat, India, and opened an Indian air route. 1499, the Ottoman navy defeated Venice and began to compete for the sea power in the eastern Mediterranean. 16-17th century 150 1 year, Amerigo Weiss Pucci made a detailed investigation on the northeast coast of South America, and confirmed that this is a new continent, but it is not India, and later named this continent "America" after him. 1502 age, 1 the beginning of the generation. 15 10 Portuguese occupation of goa, India 15 17 Martin Luther published 95 articles in wittenberg, Germany, and the religious reform began. Portuguese envoy arrives in Guangzhou. 15 19, the fleet of Portuguese navigator Magellan set out to try to sail around the earth and find a new route to the east. 1520, the Ottoman Turkish Empire Su Liman I ascended the throne, and the empire reached its peak. 1520 10 Magellan crossed the strait between the southern segment of America and Tierra del Fuego and entered the Pacific Ocean. Later generations named this strait "strait of magellan" 152 1. In 2000, Spain's Hernando Cortes captured the city of Tran in Nositi, and the Aztec Empire in New World Mexico perished 152 1. In April, Magellan arrived in the Philippines and died in a conflict with local aborigines. His men continued to sail and found the Moluccas (the famous spice islands), then crossed the Straits of Malacca and entered the Indian Ocean. 152 1 August, the battle of Tuen Mun broke out between China and Portugal. In September, the Portuguese ship was defeated and fled to Malacca. 1522, the beginning of the second generation in the era of great navigation; On September 6th, the same year, Magellan's fleet returned to Sanluca Port, and the round-the-world route completed the beginning of the second generation of 1525. Babel, the descendant of Genghis Khan, unified northern India and established the Mughal dynasty. 1529, Portugal and Spain signed the new Treaty of Zaragos, drawing a dividing line at 17 degrees east of the Moluccas, thus completing the division of power in Asia. 1532 Portuguese aristocrat Martin Sosa recaptured Brazil from the French. 1533 Spanish Francisco Pizarro perished the Inca Empire, the "golden country" of the New World. China has become the only remaining ancient civilization in the world. Elizabeth I ascended the throne on 1558 (~ 1603), and actively encouraged piracy in order to expand Britain's maritime power. 156 1 year, the Japanese invaders invaded Taizhou on a large scale, and Qi Jiguang led his troops to win nine wars and nine victories, winning the world-famous victory in Taizhou! Subsequently, under the leadership of Yu, the campaigns of Xinghua, Pinghai and Pingwo were launched, and Lien Chan won again and again. 1665, the suffering of the old enemy was finally eliminated. 1566, the bourgeois revolution broke out in the western Netherlands. 1569, Mercator first drew a map of the world by cylindrical projection. 157 1 year, the battle of Labando broke out. In this battle, the Ottoman navy was defeated by the joint fleet of Spain and Venice and lost control of the Mediterranean. From then on, the Ottoman Empire began to decline. Spain annexed Portugal in 1580. 158 1 The former northern Netherlands declared its independence and the Netherlands was born. 1588, Britain defeated Spain's "Armada"; 1592, Korea's "Non-Chen Patriotic War", Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea across the sea, China aided Korea, and the Chinese-Korean allied forces finally defeated the Japanese army. 1595, the Dutch Van Linschott compiled the earliest nautical almanac, describing the wind system and current in the Atlantic Ocean. /kloc-at the end of 0/6, the era of great navigation, the beginning of four generations. The British East India Company was founded in 1600, until 1858 was officially cancelled by the British government. The Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602, and the contradiction between Britain and the Netherlands intensified. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, parrish, a Dutch optician, invented the telescope. 1604, the French East India Company was established. 1624 Dutch colonists occupied Taiwan Province province, the treasure island of China. 1640 An uprising broke out in Lisbon and Portugal regained its independence. Charles I reopened the ceremony and the modern history of the world began (another way of saying it is that 1500 is the beginning of the modern history of the world). 1668 Spain recognizes Portugal's independence. 1642, Tasman, a navigator of the Dutch East India Company, discovered a big island in today's southeast Australia, which was later named Tasmania. During the first anglo-Dutch war from 1652 to 1654, there were nine naval battles, with wins and losses, but the Netherlands was defeated as a whole. 1662, Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province and drove away the Dutch who occupied Taiwan Province Province. In the second Anglo-Dutch War, they lost each other, and the two sides finally signed the Brida contract. 1672 to 1674, the third anglo-Dutch war, after which the Dutch power weakened and Britain won the final victory. 1675, Romer, Denmark initiated the transit of stars. 1688 ~ 1697, a war broke out between France and the anti-French augsburg alliance (composed of Britain, the Netherlands, Austria, Spain and other countries). This is the beginning of British and French maritime hegemony. Dan Bill discovered Australia. Britain established a constitutional monarchy. The last Crusade ended in 1699. The Ottoman Turkish Empire ceded Transylvania to Austria. The bride of Adriatic-the rise of Venice. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, the Spanish War of Succession to the Crown (1702 ~ 17 13) and the second confrontation between Britain and France showed that Britain had obvious superiority in maritime hegemony. The war between Spain and Britain is over. Britain gained maritime hegemony. The era of great navigation is over. 1730, the British Sisson invented the theodolite, and the American Godfrey and the British Harder used the sextant to create the astronomical positioning measurement at sea. 1732, Russian emperor Peter I sent Bering to inspect the eastern end of Russia and discovered the Bering Strait. 1740 ~ 1748 In the battle of succession to the Austrian throne, France still lost the third confrontation between Britain and France. The "Seven Years' War" from 1756 to 1763 was the biggest war between Britain and France for maritime and colonial hegemony in18th century. After the war, Britain won the final victory, thus establishing its position as the global maritime hegemon and establishing an "empire that never falls"! From 1768 to 1779, Captain james cook of England made three voyages to the Western Ocean, incorporated New Zealand and Australia into the British territory, and discovered Hawaii. However, Cook's achievement lies in discovering a method to prevent scurvy with orange juice and sauerkraut, thus saving the lives of a large number of sailors. Cook occupies an important position in the history of navigation. 1779 February, Cook was killed in a conflict with Hawaiians.