1924, Sun Yat-sen published the Outline of the Founding of the National Government, focusing on his three-stage political proposition: "During the military and political period, all systems were subordinate to the military and political. On the one hand, the government uses the army to clear domestic obstacles; On the one hand, propaganda promotes national unity by educating the hearts of the people throughout the country; " When a province is completely settled, it is the day when political training begins and military and political affairs stop. "During the political training, the government should send trained and qualified personnel to the counties to help the people prepare for autonomy. Its degree is clear from the county population survey, the completion of the county land survey, the proper handling of the county guard, and the successful construction of roads in various places; And its people have been trained to use the four powers and fulfilled their national obligations. People sworn as revolutionaries can elect county officials to conduct political affairs in a county. Before a county becomes a fully autonomous county, it is necessary to elect members to discuss the laws of the county. A completely autonomous county, its citizens have the right to directly elect officials, have the right to directly recall officials, have the right to directly create laws, and have the right to directly decide laws "; A place where all counties in a province are completely autonomous is the beginning of constitutionalism, and the National Assembly elects a governor to supervise the autonomy of the province. As for the state administration of the province, the governor is under the command of the central government. ""More than half of the provinces in China have reached the beginning of constitutionalism, that is, the local autonomy of the whole province has been completely established, and the National Assembly has decided to promulgate the constitution "; After the promulgation of the Constitution, the central sovereignty belongs to the National Assembly, that is, the National Assembly has the right to vote and recall central government officials; Have the right to formulate and decide the central laws "the date of promulgation of the constitution is the time when the constitution is successful, and the whole country will hold national elections in accordance with the constitution. Three months after the election, the National Government was dissolved and the government was awarded to the elected government, which was a great success of the founding of the People's Republic of China. "
1927, Chiang Kai-shek announced the political tutelage, that is, the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang. 1945, when the country was negotiating, the * * * production party once asked to end the political training.
2
Of course, it is a capitalist society that has undergone initial development. In essence, the political system of the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang was established by the fundamental law of the state. Its legislative system has been basically laid, but the people's wisdom has not been opened, but the idea of * * * and equality has gradually taken root in the hearts of the people. Although the economy has not achieved equal land ownership, it has established industrial and mining enterprises and monopolized patents and monopoly undertakings, which has provided convenient conditions for the development of bureaucratic capital.
The three-stage theory of military and political affairs, political discipline and constitutionalism is full of controversy. Supporters believe that this is the only way to democratize China. Because of the lack of democratic experience, China people have the name of the Constitution, but they can't effectively implement it. Instead, they will be used by a political group or strongman. Sun Yat-sen said: "In the era without political discipline, most people were bound for a long time. Although they were suddenly liberated, they could not know their activities at first. If they don't stick to the habit of giving up their responsibilities, they will fall into counter-revolution without knowing it. " It is for this reason that Sun Yat-sen conceived this theory. Hu's Nanny Theory of Political Discipline is a vivid explanation of this theory. Opponents are represented by Hu Shi: "We can understand that Dr. Sun Yat-sen advocates political training only because he doesn't trust China people's ability to participate in politics"; "The training people need is the civic life under the Constitution. What the government and party member need is political life under the rule of law. The leaders of the "prophetic" government must first use the constitution to train themselves and restrain themselves, and then they can hope to train their citizens to embark on the road of * * * "; "The right of a few people to control politics will never train people in modern politics. The most effective political training is to gradually liberalize political power, so that people can get a little political training by participating in politics in person. To tell the truth, those who learn to swim must go into the water first, and those who learn to play the piano must have a piano first. Constitutionalism is the best training for constitutionalism. "
In my opinion, today's China is in the so-called political training of Sun Wen. Everyone is half a catty and the social system is in a mess. It's hard to say who is good and who is bad.