The human body has different cyclic rhythms over time, such as day, week, month, and year. For example, the human body's biological clock
The body temperature is not exactly the same within 24 hours. It is the lowest at 4 o'clock in the morning and the highest at 18 o'clock, but the difference is within 1°C. Changes in the body's normal circadian rhythm are often a precursor to disease or a danger signal. Correcting the rhythm can prevent and treat certain diseases. Research by many scholars has pointed out that arranging a work and rest system for a day, a week, a month, and a year according to the biological rhythms of human psychology, intelligence, and physical activity can improve work efficiency and academic performance, reduce fatigue, prevent diseases, and prevent accidents (The so-called intellectual biorhythm means that people sometimes have good memory and other times have poor memory throughout the day. There are certain rules. For example, some people have good memory between 5 and 9 in the morning, while others have good memory at night, etc.). On the contrary, if you suddenly do not arrange your work and rest according to the rhythm of the body's biological clock, people will feel physically tired and mentally uncomfortable.
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English translation: biochronometer
Definition
A quality that can control the development of time and space in a living body The quantity is called the biological clock. All animals on the earth have a physiological mechanism called a "biological clock", which is a 24-hour cyclic rhythm from day to night, such as a light-dark cycle, which coincides with the Earth's rotation. The biological clock is controlled by the "Suprachiasmatic Nucleus" (SCN) of the brain's hypothalamus. Like all mammals, the area of ??the human brain where the SCN is located is located above the roof of the mouth. We have circadian rhythms Sleeping, waking and eating behaviors are all attributed to the circadian clock.
Melatonin
Research has proven that melatonin secreted by the hypothalamus serves as a new compound that regulates circadian rhythm. Biological clock
Melatonin is a hormone mainly produced by the pineal gland, and its production shows obvious diurnal fluctuations. The amount produced at night is 50 to 100 times that during the day.
Astaxanthin (ASTA)
Invented by Yoshinobu Kiso from Japan, research has confirmed that astaxanthin (ASTA) has the ability to normalize the circadian rhythm of living organisms, and can effectively Increase endogenous melatonin, and because of its powerful antioxidant ability, it can prevent melatonin from being oxidized, thereby regulating jet lag, and obtained the patent: EP1283038. In addition, the research of this invention also determined that jet lag can be regulated by ingesting astaxanthin. It is carried out with ASTA. Vitamin E has no such effect. This effect can be attributed to the powerful antioxidant effect of astaxanthin ASTA, since melatonin is easily oxidized by oxidative factors in the body. At the same time, it is pointed out that the recommended dose of astaxanthin for regulating jet lag is 25-50mg/day, which varies from person to person.
Edit this paragraph’s four functions
Overview
The biological clock has four functions: prompting time, prompting events, maintaining status and prohibiting functions.
Reminder time
It means that you have to do something at a certain time. When this time comes, you will automatically think of it. For example, you want to get up at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. , you will get up automatically by then. Most things in real life are time reminders, such as what time to go to work, meeting someone at a certain time, flowers for your lover's birthday, April Fool's Day, catching a certain train, etc.
Prompt event
means that when you encounter something, the biological clock can automatically prompt the occurrence of another event. For example, if someone asks you to give something to person A, when you meet person A, the biological clock function will automatically work, causing you to immediately think of the entrusted thing. The most commonly used ones are the "memory blocks" (a type of memory) that are sequentially generated in your brain when you see something. For example, when you see a panda, you will think: it is China's national treasure, it likes Eating bamboo, it is a symbol of China's friendship and envoys abroad, and so on. For another example, when you see a difficult problem, you will mobilize many memory blocks to solve it with the combination of some rules. This series of things must activate the knowledge you have learned over the past many years. This knowledge is They will not appear in your brain for no reason. They must appear in your brain in sequence under the action of the biological clock.
Maintenance
It refers to the power that enables people to continue doing something when they are doing it.
For example, working an 8-hour shift is the result of the function of the biological clock. Another example is that when the human eye is watching something, it is also the result of it. When the attention turns from vision to hearing, it is also the result of the function of the biological clock. , that is the prompt event function at work, but if you want to finish listening to a class, you must use this function of the biological clock to finish listening, otherwise you will be sleepy or even skip class. This kind of maintenance can be continuous or intermittent. For example, the maintenance between you and your lover's family is intermittent, because you can't stay at home doing nothing for a long time, you have to work, make friends, and seek.
Prohibited function
It means that a certain function or behavior of the body can be terminated by the biological clock. For example, if you see a horrific event (such as an earthquake), no matter what you are doing, you may run away. This running away is the end of what you have done before. Another example is that you are concentrating on surfing the Internet, and your dad calls. Your termination of surfing the Internet is due to the function of the biological clock. Without this function, a person will never stop doing things, such as sleeping. If there is no such termination, the person will sleep for a long time and become a vegetative state. The cause of vegetative state may be related to the loss of control of this function. Relative to these four functions, there are four corresponding centers in the human brain: time center, space center, function center and termination center.
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The biological clock is a bit like driving a car: when does a person get in the car, where does he drive, how long does he hold the accelerator pressed, and what happens after the biological clock is reached
Apply the brakes. The essence of heredity is the release of clock blocks on the biological clock, the essence of evolution is the mutation of chromosomes, and the essence of degeneration is the shutdown of chromosome functions. For example, the human cecum and human tail have degenerated, but there are traces of them. The daughter clocks of their biological clocks still exist in that part, but their functions are gone and shut down by the mother clock. All organs, as long as they are not used, their functions will be impaired. Degeneration is not just about the cecum. After degeneration, the first thing is that the organ shrinks, and the second thing is that its function disappears. From this point of view, the biological clock has two sides: organic and functional. The organic determines the nature of the organ, mainly the size, shape and number of cells of the organ. The functional determines the degree of organ function, the presence or absence of the function, and secretion. The amount of functional substances (such as various enzymes and hormones). DNA refers to the spirochetes that play a genetic role, and the biological clock is DNA and the proteins and other substances attached to it. There are two types of DNA: one is the "endpoint", which is the cross-connection point of the branches on the DNA. This endpoint controls the generation time and sequence of genes. Just imagine a seed placed in the soil without a certain original block (outside world). Conditions) stimulation will not sprout and grow. Once the conditions are sufficient, the endpoint is activated, and the endpoint instructs the DNA to decode in sequence. Without this control, the genes will fight on their own. Human growth and development behaviors are all determined by the genes on the chromosomes. When to stop growing, when to have sexual desire, when to give birth, when to stop menstruation, etc. All of these are completed by one person on a timely basis. There is no One is not a manifestation of the biological clock, so DNA is the biological clock, which determines all physiological processes of a person. If the things that are determined by DNA and appear on time do not belong to the category of biological clock, then there is no human body clock.
Let’s take a look at how the life process (intelligent process) biological clock works. Your teacher or parents will tell you the name of your biological clock and tell you how to write it. From now on, throughout your life, as long as Whenever your name is asked or your name must be signed, you can write or report it accurately. In this process, your name is first a stimulus, making your senses accept this. Information is stored in the brain. When it is not necessary, your name is a kind of memory block stored in the memory bank. Once someone calls your name, this stimulation will stimulate your brain and auditory center. Central communication, the reminder event function of the biological clock will immediately call up your name from the memory bank, and the recalled memory block (actually a piece of information that only contains your name) will be placed in the thinking center. The existence of the thought center makes it impossible for the thinking center to generate other thoughts. At this time, the thinking center causes you to answer or look at the caller due to past habits or other reasons. Answering does not necessarily happen every time, but it must happen in many cases. , metaphorically speaking, your mother calls you, your superior calls you, or calls you in an emergency (such as an unexpected incident occurs and tells you to leave quickly). In these cases, you will involuntarily answer the call. However, in many cases , you always respond to this kind of name-calling behavior with a smile or look at the other person. The occurrence of the above situation must have produced four thinking rules: one is a habitual answer, and you must answer every call. The rules of this rule It is formed in childhood; one is the smile rule, which corresponds to the name-calling behavior, which is a relatively mature rule; the other is the silence rule, which generally responds to the calls of insignificant people; and the other is the sudden call rule. , this rule obliges one to answer. The biological clock automatically responds to the caller according to these four rules. Mother clock, daughter clock and grandchild clock The biological clock is divided into mother clock, daughter clock and grandchild clock. The mother clock is the chromosome carried by the fertilized egg. Biological individuals are decomposed and synthesized based on the mother clock as a blueprint. This mother clock determines a person's life. The division of the mother clock is certain, and it does not divide endlessly. In humans, the mother clock usually divides five times to produce 24 chromosomes that are consistent with the mother clock. In the future, all human organs will divide and produce under these 24 daughter clocks. When the mother clock was divided, it had already strictly arranged how the 24 sub-clocks should be released, how to decode, where to decode, etc. The 24 sub-clocks began to do their own thing. The one that made the liver made the liver, the one that made the kidney. The kidneys were created, and the heart was created. At the same time, the respective functions also began to be exerted, and a new individual was born. This is like a mother giving birth to several twin sons, and the sons develop in their own way. But as a big family, the twins will influence each other until they grow up, and they can see the whole There are traces of family, but they each have their own swings and differences. Don’t forget that the mother clock we are talking about is not a pure concept of DNA. You should always remember that there are cell membranes, cytoplasm and nuclear membranes on the outside of the mother clock, and you should also remember the Golgi apparatus and other substances in the cytoplasm. The division of the mother clock is not a single one, it is divided together with the cell membrane and so on. The XX or XY chromosomes carried by the sperm enter the egg cell and the chromosome combination of the egg cell is generally now called "zygote". There is only one pair of chromosomes in the zygote at first. In humans, they begin to replicate with reference to this pair of chromosomes to generate 23 pairs of body chromosomes. The egg cell at this time is called the "mother clock" in this article. The mother clock begins to divide. Each time it divides, a new "daughter clock" is produced. Each daughter clock is a complete and identical egg that carries certain aspects of genetic information. There are new cells that are completely different in individuality, size, and function. How does the biological clock participate in thinking? The external world stimulates the human body to produce feelings (sensory blocks). Feelings cause people to remember (memory blocks). The reminder function of the biological clock causes people to recall (memory blocks). The memory blocks are placed in the thinking center and are carried out through "rules" The combination produces thought blocks (thinking), and the thought blocks enter the behavior center and cause people to produce line blocks (behavior and language). This process is the intelligent process of the human body. It seems that the biological clock controls the intelligent process by controlling the recall process.
Edit this paragraph The biological clock of the human body
Biological clock The human life process is complex and wonderful. It plays a charming "biorhythm symphony" all the time. This is what people usually call the biological clock. Biological clock, also called biological rhythm and biorhythm, refers to phenomena such as physiological, behavioral and morphological structure of organisms that change periodically over time. Scientists have discovered that biological clocks are diverse.
In the human body, more than one hundred species have been discovered. The biological clock has a huge impact on human health. The entire human race works and rests according to a day and night cycle. The physiological indicators of the human body, such as body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse; human physical strength, emotions, intelligence, and women's menstrual cycle; signals in the body, such as brain waves, heart waves, and meridian potentials , changes in the electromagnetic field of the body, etc., will change periodically with the changes in day and night. No one denies that this series of phenomena has nothing to do with human health. Science has discovered that when the biological clock is disrupted, humans and even all life are prone to illness, aging or death. Some people's biological clocks have been relatively stable for decades, and their health status is good. However, once the biological clock is broken and remains in a disordered state for a long time, various discomforts or diseases will occur, and some may even be dangerous. life. It is said that the trademark of the famous European jujube whiskey is the head of a long-lived old man who lived to be 152 years old. At that time, the King of England wanted to see this long-lived old man, so he invited him to the palace to eat, drink and have fun as a grand treat. Unexpectedly, due to the sudden change in his life routine, the old man died a week later. In our lives, there are also some healthy old people who have worked hard all day long for decades and become healthier. One day, due to the filial piety of their children, they are allowed to rest and "enjoy peace and happiness". As a result, they either feel uncomfortable all over the body or become ill. rise. Some elderly people who have just retired are in worse physical condition than when they were at work. This is all related to sudden changes in their biological clocks. We believe that young people should understand, discover and master their biological clock as early as possible, and then gradually adapt to it to achieve benign effects. Elderly people should take good care of the biological clock that has been formed over decades, and do not change it easily to avoid causing biological clock disorders and affecting physical and mental health. Dear filial sons and daughters, don’t let the elderly accommodate your “filial piety” easily. According to the investigation, in a health care and rehabilitation center for the elderly, several elderly people in their 90s were in normal physical and mental condition at home. Their children sent them to the center so that they could get good medical care. But as a result, these elderly people They all died in less than half a month with "no illness". Whether this has something to do with the change in the biological clock of the elderly, we cannot delve into. However, we believe that understanding, mastering, and complying with the biological clock is helpful for maintaining and improving people's physical and mental health.
Edit this section of biological clock research
Overview
The human body has different cyclic rhythms over time, such as day, week, month, and year. For example, the body temperature of the human body is not exactly the same within 24 hours. It is the lowest at 4 o'clock in the morning and the highest at 18 o'clock, with a difference of more than 1°C. Changes in the body's normal circadian rhythm are often a precursor to disease or a danger signal. Correcting the rhythm can prevent and treat certain diseases. Research by many scholars has pointed out that arranging a work and rest system for a day, a week, a month, and a year according to the biological rhythms of human psychology, intelligence, and physical activity can improve work efficiency and academic performance, reduce fatigue, prevent diseases, and prevent accidents (The so-called intellectual biorhythm means that people sometimes have good memory and other times have poor memory throughout the day. There are certain rules. For example, some people have good memory between 5 and 9 in the morning, while others have good memory at night, etc.). On the contrary, if you suddenly do not arrange your work and rest according to the rhythm of the body's biological clock, people will feel physically tired and mentally uncomfortable. BY--Starblacker
Interesting biological clock phenomena
Interesting biological clock phenomena exist in many organisms. For example, there is a dina bird in Guatemala, South America. It chirps for a while every 30 minutes, and the error is only 15 seconds. Therefore, the residents there use their chirping to calculate the time, which is called It is called the "bird clock"; in the dense forests of Africa, there is a time-telling insect that changes color every hour. Every household living there catches this little insect and takes it home to watch it change color to calculate the time. It is called As the "worm clock". There are similar examples in plants. There is a large-leaf tree in South Africa whose leaves turn every two hours, so local residents call it the "living tree clock"; in Argentina, South America, there is a wild flower that can tell the time, every early summer around 8 p.m. They bloomed one after another and were called "Flower Bells". Not only that, tiny bacteria also know time. According to the latest "Nature" magazine in the United States, not only do biological clocks exist in some single-cell organisms, but these biological clocks are also very precise.
The "hidden clock" in the human body
Human beings, the spirit of all things, are also governed by the rhythm of life. What is the body clock? Some people liken the biological rhythm in the human body to a "hidden clock".
Scientists have confirmed that every person has a variety of natural rhythms in his body from the day he is born until the end of his life, such as physical strength, intelligence, emotion, blood pressure, menstrual period, etc. People call these natural rhythms biological rhythms or life rhythms. There is a biological species in the human body that determines people's sleep and wakefulness. The biological clock regulates various organs in the body to function in a 24-hour cycle according to the instructions of the brain. As early as the end of the 19th century, scientists noticed the phenomenon that organisms have "life rhythms." At the beginning of the last century, German physician Wilhelm Frith and an Austrian psychologist Hermann Swaboda uncovered the mystery through long-term clinical observations. It turns out that among the ups and downs of the patient's symptoms, emotions, and behaviors, there is a 23-day cycle of physical ups and downs and a 28-day cycle of emotional fluctuations. About 20 years later, Professor Alfred Terchier of the University of Innsbruck, Austria, after studying the test scores of hundreds of high school and university students, found that human intelligence fluctuates with a 33-day cycle. of. As a result, scientists drew three wavy human biorhythm curves based on the cyclical rhythms of the ups and downs of physical strength, emotion, and intelligence, which are vividly described as a beautiful repeat of life. By the middle of the 20th century, biologists coined the term "biological clock" based on the fact that organisms have periodic cyclic rhythmic activities.
Biological clock: the human third eye
Where is the biological clock? The traditional view is that the biological clock should exist in the brain, but there are different opinions on the specific location. Some people believe that the exact location of the biological clock is in the front end of the hypothalamus and in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This nucleus senses the light and dark of the outside world through the retina and keeps it in the same rhythm as the clock in the body. Some people also believe that the biological clock phenomenon is closely related to melatonin in the body. Since melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland, the biological clock should also be located on the pineal gland. Later, the exogenous theory caused by external information, the endogenous theory determined by internal factors in the organism, and the comprehensive theory of the interaction between the organism and the environment emerged. The exogenous theory believes that some complex cosmic information is the driving force that controls life rhythm phenomena. American scholar Dr. Frank Brown believes that human beings are extremely sensitive to a wide range of external information, such as electric field changes, geomagnetic changes, gravity field changes, cosmic rays, other planetary motion cycles, light changes, lunar gravity, etc. The periodicity of these changes causes The periodicity of human life rhythm. The endogenous theory believes that the rhythm of life is determined by the internal factors of the human body itself. Experiments with nocturnal hamsters have shown that similar rhythms persist even when external conditions change, such as when the Earth rotates in the opposite direction. People under constant temperature and isolation from the outside world also show a rhythm similar to that of 24 hours. Therefore, people's life rhythm is caused by their own factors. The comprehensive theory is the theory of the interaction between the human body and the environment.
12 Biological Clock Genes
12 Biological Clock Genes: Uncovering the Mystery of Biological Clocks According to experts, humans have discovered 12 genes related to biological clocks. Biological clocks not only affect people's physical and mental health, and can play an important role in treating disease. In the 1980s, due to the development of molecular biology, the study of biological clocks made breakthrough progress. In 1971, British scientists discovered a special fruit fly among the fruit flies they studied. Its biological clock was only 21 hours. It took scientists 14 years until 1985 to find the gene causing the abnormality in the fruit fly's biological clock. This is the first time humans have discovered a gene related to the biological clock. This gene was named period - "period." Scientists have been trying to clone similar genes in other species, especially mammals, but have been unsuccessful. In 1997, a paper was published in the journal Cell. Through research on tens of thousands of experimental mice, scientists discovered that the biological clock cycle of one experimental mouse was 27 hours. They positionally cloned the gene causing the nucleic acid mutation and named it "Clock" gene—ClockGene. At the same time, Dr. Sun Zhongsheng and others conducted a large-scale screening of the chromosome 17 gene in order to clone breast cancer genes. They found that one of the genes showed certain sequence similarity with the Drosophila circadian clock gene "Period", so they hypothesized that this gene was a similar gene to Drosophila "Period" that has the same function in mammals. Through animal experiments, they found that the "period" gene has a 24-hour expression rhythm, and the expression of the gene can change with changes in the photoperiod.
This discovery was named one of the top 10 scientific and technological breakthroughs of the year by Science magazine because it revealed the molecular biology basis of the biological clock. In recent years, the international community has attached great importance to chronobiology research, and has proposed concepts such as chronopathology, chronopharmacology, and chronotherapy. Biological rhythms have become an important subject in the study of clinical, preventive, and basic medicine. The Chinese Academy of Sciences plans to establish an international-level chronobiology research base in my country to promote the application of chronobiology in clinical medicine in my country.
Research shows that the human biological clock is 18 minutes slower per day
The human biological clock is not synchronized with the clock. Japanese scientists recently published a research paper saying that they found that the human biological clock has a cycle of 24 hours and 18 minutes. The gap between the biological clocks of other animals and plants is even more obvious. The biological clock cycle of some animals is 23 to 26 hours, while the cycle of plants is from 22 to 28 hours. Researchers believe that this phenomenon can be explained by Darwin's theory of evolution. Take a bird as an example. If it follows a clock schedule strictly, when it wakes up every morning to look for food, it will find that most of the bugs on the tree have been eaten by the birds that flew into the forest first. Therefore, creatures that are strictly punctual will face the greatest competitive pressure and will eventually perish. But why don’t the desynchronization between the biological clock and the clock accumulate and eventually disrupt our life patterns, causing us to wake up later and later day by day? Researchers say light constantly resets the biological clock by affecting hormone levels and body temperature. The researchers used a computer to conduct an experiment simulating the evolution of the biological clock. Experiments have shown that the biological clock periods that are most beneficial to competition are indeed close to 24 hours, but not particularly close.
There is a biological clock hidden in the skin of animals
Professor Jun Okamura of Kobe University in Japan published a paper in the American "Science" magazine saying that there is a biological clock in the skin tissue of mammals, and it is related to the brain. The internal biological clock is in sync with each other. This finding has the potential to be used to diagnose a variety of conditions caused by disrupted circadian clocks. This scientist discovered in experiments on mice that there are a large number of biological clock genes in the fibroblasts of the mouse's skin adhesive tissue. He called the biological clock that exists in the hypothalamus of the brain the "mother clock" and the biological clocks in tissue cells such as the skin as the "child clock." He also discovered that the child clock and the mother clock moved together and had the same mechanism of action. It is believed that the structure and mechanism of biological clocks in various mammals, including humans, are roughly the same.
Edit the biological clock rules of this section