Editor? |? Gebangning
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Tesla mode or Toyota mode, who is more suitable for this era?
This is a matter of opinion. But at least for now, Tesla is temporarily in the lead.
First, through price reduction, Tesla has hit almost all automobile manufacturers in the three major innovation levels of cost, engineering and technology, and the times have generated new acceleration here.
Second, on the one hand, Toyota changed coaches, its share declined, and its profits declined; On the one hand, Elon Musk released the secret grand plan 3 (Chapter 3 of Master Plan), which will cost 10 trillion dollars, in sharp contrast.
Third, although Toyota is still the largest automobile manufacturer in the world, the net profit of Tesla bicycles is already five times that of Toyota.
Toyota model named Toyota almost dominates today's manufacturing industry. Will the factors that once boosted Toyota's success now become the biggest obstacle to its transformation? What is the industrial connotation behind the transformation of the times?
Therefore, Hao Asia, a management consultant and former executive editor of China-Europe Business Review, had an in-depth dialogue with Liu Yongxuan, a senior editor of Tsinghua Management Review, and helped Ning Studio to edit and publish it. More content can be subscribed to "School of Management" through Small Universe or podcast.
▍ "Toyota predicts the future and Musk creates the future"
Liu Yonghao: First, Musk often talks about the mission, the meaning of life and the purpose of existence, which is very important. We must solve the problem of neck sticking now. How come? It requires huge investment, long-term efforts and a strong sense of mission. China needs entrepreneurs like Musk to think about the existence of enterprises from the social and historical dimensions and do something beneficial to social development.
Second, can Musk discover the first principle because he is superman? I don't think so. He also has a cognitive process. Someone asked him what his biggest challenge was, and he said, "Make sure there is an error correction feedback loop". He sent an email to employees, stressing that when he gave orders, there were only three reactions. The first is to write back and point out where he is wrong.
Superman needs help from others, too. The reflection and re-doing of so many things in Tesla cannot be attributed to Musk alone. Instead of thinking about becoming a superman, it is better to establish an effective organization. Although some people are not superhuman now, it seems that there is no doubt that Musk can also maintain a state of "knowing what he doesn't know".
Third, Musk is not predicting the future, but creating it. Toyota is predicting the future. Like most mature companies, Toyota has seized many runways in the face of future uncertainty. Musk opened the patent, let everyone play together and make the electric vehicle market work.
In this process, let the market, track, technical route and standard have legitimacy and become knowledge. Finally, people who thought Musk was wrong at first were forced to play the game. The patent system is not taken for granted. Who says it can't be broken? This is not just technological innovation, Musk is redefining reality.
Musk is a charismatic leader in the automobile industry, that is Henry Ford. At that time, Ford's influence was equivalent to that of Musk today. He defined automobile and automobile production mode, which triggered a wide range of economic and social influences, and still affects Musk until now.
Later, General Motors carried out organizational innovation. Alfred Si Long Jr. was a management master, but not a charismatic leader.
I used to complain about charismatic leaders. Charismatic leaders play a huge role, but they may also lead to huge problems. Musk inspired us to rethink the role of charismatic leaders in certain situations. Charismatic leaders can play an important role in the period of major changes, breakthrough innovation, industry shaping and creating the future. Of course, with more and more charismatic leaders, we should remain vigilant.
Hao Asia: Have you noticed that Musk almost never denies the past and rarely talks about subversion? When we talk about Tesla mode and Toyota mode, whether it is upgrading or subversion, this question mark is probably not in Musk's head.
Many people are keen to compare the Toyota model with the Tesla model, but Musk himself said that there would be no Tesla without Toyota. At the beginning of Tesla's new production system, Toyota gave a lot of help, including capital and factory management.
What is the core value of Musk? The first principle is the way of thinking, that is, everything can be started again. To do it again is to find reason from the old things to keep. Core value is the ultimate goal of human development.
Musk's ideal is to make human beings a trans-planetary species, which actually expands people's ability to act and thinking boundaries. There is a grand view of the universe, that is, we do not belong to the earth, but to the galaxy and the universe.
Musk is an out-and-out open source and the pure hacker spirit of1990s. Why did he quit Open AI? He doesn't want artificial intelligence to become a closed mode, which is one of his criticisms of ChatGPT. Musk wants to play unlimited games, not limited games.
▍ "Tesla takes off on the Toyota runway"
Liu Yonghao: I think Tesla is a continuation of Toyota. It took off on the Toyota runway and inserted digital wings. Sensors are deployed on the production line of Tesla factory, which can collect data, optimize, realize automation, and then repeat this cycle.
The production line becomes a whole of learning and evolution, which is the way of agile development. Tesla develops factories like software. Cars realize new functions by downloading software, and cars and factories can continue to develop rapidly. This can understand why Tesla has evolved so fast.
How did agile development come into being? The proposer made it clear that the important source of ideas is lean production, and many ideas are inspired by lean production. How did lean thinking come from? One of the sources is PDCA, which was put forward by Walter A.Shewhart and perfected and popularized by his friend and disciple Deming.
Lean thinking has shifted from the manufacturing field to the software field, and now it has returned to the manufacturing field. From this perspective, Tesla mode is the continuation of Toyota's lean thinking and the bloom of lean thinking in the digital age. Maybe the factory will be completely different in the future, but the lean thinking will stay in the factory. We see that an idea still plays a role in different times.
Now we often talk about man-machine interaction and man-machine integration. Starting from the man-machine relationship, we can find the difference between Toyota and Tesla: one focuses on people and the other on machines. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the United States has worshipped technology, and American enterprises have focused on opportunities. There has been a "industrious revolution" in Japan, which has formed a tradition of preferring to use human resources and relying less on machines and capital.
Moreover, in 1949, Toyota workers went on strike because of layoffs, and founder Toyoda Shoichiro resigned, and Taiichi Ono became the general manager of the assembly. The problem he wants to solve is how to improve efficiency and realize mass production without layoffs, so he started the innovation of lean production mode.
Toyota changed the word "dynamic" in "automation" and created a word, people+automation, that is, man-machine combination. Although it is a combination of man and machine, it is people who play the leading role. Technically, Toyota has always been conservative, which often surprises and confuses visitors.
During the visit, a reporter asked why Toyota didn't use robots like its competitors. Toyota's answer is that robots have many limitations. They cannot think or feel. The operator knows what the customer wants and can think about how to finish the work from the customer's point of view.
This is no longer the case now. We have seen the continuous progress of AI and the power of AI. People can think, so can machines. In many things, it learns faster and more powerfully. Gary gary hamel said that Toyota is a thinking system. Toyota relies on the wisdom of human beings for continuous improvement, while Tesla can accelerate its learning through digital means and can develop continuously.
I present it through two scenes. In Toyota, when there is a problem in the production line, everyone can pull the wire to stop. You can say "stop", but you can't say "stop" because "stop" is passive and does not reflect people's subjective will and wisdom. Toyota is doing this to create opportunities for collective learning, which is very respectable, but this "slow and fast" learning logic cannot be established in the digital age.
Look at Tesla. If the parts are lost, the system can inform the equipment or workers to skip within tens of seconds, and then connect them in the right place behind, without stopping the line at all.
Hao Asia: My understanding of the relationship between Toyota and Tesla. First, the bottom of Tesla mode is Toyota's lean thinking, but the goal is Ford. Second, Tesla has also established a layer of things at the bottom, that is, the spirit of Silicon Valley.
Tesla makes full use of engineering innovation to reduce costs, and the price of electric vehicles is declining. It is inconceivable that ten or twenty million people can buy a highly intelligent car. This is also the effect of Ford, a brand-new mass consumer market rose.
Importantly, Tesla has brought an affirmative movement to consumers. The structure of diesel locomotive is a black box to users, and what the manufacturer says is what it is. Electric cars are like mobile phones. Everything can be digitized and clear at a glance.
I think Tesla's coordinate in history is Ford, which brought a consumer revolution. The emergence of the consumer revolution is bound to be a change in lifestyle. At this level, it is not too much for Tesla to be called "Tesla Doctrine".
But Tesla's manufacturing process is the bloom of Toyota's lean thinking in the digital age. Accurately speaking, the whole human manufacturing industry is the bottom logic of lean thinking, and any manufacturing industry cannot do without it. What is the source of lean thinking? Opposing big wood means waste in Japanese. According to Ford model, large-scale production process will produce a lot of waste. The Toyota family believes that reducing waste will enhance value, so they have the concepts of "continuous flow" and "pull".
Start with the client, use whatever you need, and coordinate with Kanban. Tesla advocates super production, which is actually super frugal and uses the latest technology to deal with resource shortage; Super flexibility and customization to cope with the fluctuation and diversification of demand; Hyperlink opening produces synergistic value. The essence is lean thinking.
& ltP class="ql-align-justi This article comes from Bunning Studio, the author of Easy Car Number, and the copyright belongs to the author. Please contact the author for any form of reprint. The content only represents the author's point of view and has nothing to do with the car reform.