Gasoline was invented by two engineers of Standard Oil Company, William Burton (vice president of the company) and Robert Humphries (director of the laboratory). ? They improved the distillation method, increased the pressure in the standard heating process, and "cracked" kerosene into gasoline.
The "thermal cracking" process doubled the smelting efficiency of gasoline and the oil yield reached 40%. Burton obtained the patent of this process in 19 13. The gasoline produced in the United States has caught up with the demand for cars.
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Classification of gasoline use:
Gasoline is one of the most commonly used light petroleum products and an important fuel for engines.
According to the manufacturing process, gasoline components can be divided into straight-run gasoline, thermal cracking gasoline (coking gasoline), catalytic cracking gasoline, catalytic reforming gasoline, superimposed gasoline, hydrocracking gasoline, alkylated gasoline and synthetic gasoline.
Gasoline products can be divided into aviation gasoline, automobile gasoline and solvent gasoline according to their uses. The first two kinds are mainly used as fuels for gasoline engines, which are widely used in automobiles, motorcycles, speedboats, helicopters, agricultural and forestry planes and so on. Solvent gasoline is used to produce synthetic rubber, paint, grease and perfume. Gasoline components can also dissolve oil stains and other water-insoluble substances, and play a role in cleaning oil stains; As an organic solution, the gasoline component can also be used as an extractant.
Gasoline is made from crude oil fractionation and heavy distillation. In the process of crude oil processing, distillation, catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, hydrocracking, catalytic reforming and alkylation all produce gasoline components, but their octane numbers are different.
Long-term stability of gasoline under natural conditions. Characterized by colloid, induction period and iodine value. The lower the gums, the better. The longer the induction period, the better. According to the national standard, the actual gum content per 100 ml gasoline should not be greater than 5 mg. The iodine value indicates the olefin content.
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