1. Pleurotus ostreatus strain formula
Potato 200g, sugar 20g, agar 20g, water 1000ml, magnesium sulfate 3g and vitamin 2g. Accurately weigh according to the formula. Peel and slice the potatoes first, put them in 1000 ml water and cook with slow fire for about 20 minutes. Then filter, add water and heat. Firstly, agar, sugar, magnesium sulfate and vitamins are boiled until they are all dissolved. Measure whether there is enough 1000 ml with a cup. If not, make it up with boiling water. Put it into test tubes while it is hot, each tube contains 12ml, and 1000ml can hold 80- 100 test tubes. When repackaging, use a long funnel, and don't let the culture medium touch the test tube mouth, so as not to get wet by the cotton plug and pollute the miscellaneous bacteria. Cotton plugs should be made of ordinary cotton, and inserted into test tubes should be moderately elastic. Then every 10 test tube is tied into small bundles with leather sleeves, and every 5 small tubes are tied into large bundles. Wrap the tampon in kraft paper, put it in an autoclave with a pressure of 1.5 kg, sterilize for 40 minutes, and cease fire. When the pressure gauge returns to zero, vent and open the jar. Take out the test tube and put it on the table. There are two kinds of inclined test tubes: the inclined length of the original mother seed test tube should be 1/3 tube length, and the inclined length of the production mother seed test tube should be 1/2 tube length. After cooling and curing, take some test tubes and put them in a constant temperature box, and culture them in blank at 27-30 degrees for 65438. Inoculation should be carried out under strict aseptic conditions-629 special disinfectant for edible fungi, aerosol disinfection box, electronic inoculation device and so on can be used. After inoculation, it is placed in a 25-degree incubator for 7- 10 days, and when the test tube is full, it can be used to transfer secondary seeds.
Second, the secondary stock production of Pleurotus ostreatus
Formula 1: sawdust 80kg, corn flour 25kg, clotrimazole 1 kg, sugar 1 kg, magnesium sulfate 5kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg, gypsum 1 kg, calcium carbonate 1 kg. The water content is 65%.
Formula 2: 80kg of corncob, 0/5kg of rice chaff/kloc-0, 0kg of aconite/kloc-0, 0/kg of clotrimazole, 0/kg of sugar/kloc-0, 5kg of magnesium sulfate, 2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3kg of urea and 2kg of lime. The water content is 65%.
Formula 3: sawdust 40kg, corncob 40kg, bean cake powder 1 0kg, corn powder 1 0kg, sugar 1 kg, kemeiling1kg, magnesium sulfate 5kg, mushroom powder15g and potassium dihydrogen 3kg. Water content 65%
Formula 4: corn 100 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0. 5 kg, magnesium sulfate 0. 5 kg, sugar 1 kg, calcium carbonate 2 kg, 629 disinfectant 1 bottle.
Mixing: firstly, dry mix the main ingredients with Confucius or corn flour, gypsum and lime evenly. Then other drugs are dissolved in water to form a concentrated stock solution. Then the stock solution is evenly added into water and mixed into the material. Stir evenly and keep the water content at 65%, that is, hold a handful of materials with your hands after stirring, and there are water drops between your fingers but they don't fall. It is best to use Yatai brand bagging machine to mix materials, which is labor-saving and uniform, and can also pack various specifications of bacterial bags, with one machine for multiple purposes.
Bottle label: each bottle can hold 2.5 taels of dry materials, and the bottle weight after filling wet materials should be 1. 1 kg, which proves that the filling quantity and compactness should be moderate. Punching holes in the middle of the material is convenient for the rapid growth of hyphae. Immediately after bottling, clean the bottle body, cover it with propylene plastic, cover it with leather cover, and autoclave it with 1.5 kg for more than 2 hours. After sterilization, the temperature of the bottle is lowered below 30℃ and moved into the inoculation box. Must be strictly disinfected before inoculation-use 629 disinfectant or aerosol disinfection box or electronic inoculator. 5-8 bottles of secondary seeds can be transferred to the primary production mother seeds, and immediately put into an incubator at a temperature of 25-27 degrees for culture. If there is no incubator, it can be cultured at 25 degrees. Check it every 3-5 days and pick out unhealthy and impure ones in time. The bottle can be filled in about 25 days, and it will be consolidated for 5 days before it can be transferred to the third grade. The second seed can be packed in 12*24 propylene bags, because cans are not easy to buy, and plastic bags are used for large-scale seed production.
Key points of secondary seed production:
The materials should be dry without deterioration, the added raw materials must be accurate, and sterilization must be achieved to kill all microorganisms. Inoculation must be carried out under absolutely aseptic conditions, and the bottle must be covered with polypropylene plastic, because propylene plastic is more transparent than glass, and even miscellaneous bacteria the size of a small grain of rice can be clearly observed.
The formula of the third-grade seed can refer to the second-grade formula and production method completely, but the nutrient ratio of the culture medium should be close to that of the cultivation material, so that the mycelium can have a more adaptive process.
Third, the formula of cultivation materials
1, cottonseed hull 100 kg, lime 4 kg, magnesium sulfate 4 kg, kemeiling 1 2, urea 0.5 kg, potassium dihydrogen 3 kg, corn flour 10 kg, with water content of 65%.
2. cottonseed hull 100 kg, lime 1 0.5 kg, gypsum 2 kg, clotrimazole 1 kg and potassium permanganate1kg.
3. cottonseed hull 100 kg, quicklime 3 kg, phosphate fertilizer 1.5 kg, urea 2 kg, magnesium sulfate 3 kg, clotrimazole 1 kg, calcium carbonate 1 kg.
4. corncob 100 kg, corn flour 25 kg, potassium permanganate 1 kg, kemeiling 1 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 32 kg, urea 32 kg, compound fertilizer 32 kg, magnesium sulfate 42 kg, calcium carbonate 1 kg, lime 4 kg, and mushrooms are rich in elements.
5. Corn cob 1 00kg, Radix Aconiti Lateralis 1 5kg, rice bran 20kg, Kemeiling 2kg, urea 5kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg, magnesium sulfate 5kg, lime 3kg, gypsum 1 kg, yield-increasing factor1kg and crude salt/kloc.
6. Peanut shell powder 65 kg, corn cob 35 kg, corn flour 5 kg, soybean flour 10 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 kg, lime 3-4 kg, clotrimazole 1-2 kg, calcium superphosphate 5 kg and magnesium sulfate 4 kg.
7. 50 kg of bean straw powder, 30 kg of sawdust, 20 kg of corncob, 0/3 kg of aconite, 0/0 kg of corn flour, 4 kg of lime, 2 kg of clotrimazole, 5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 4 kg of urea, 5 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0/5 g of mushroom growth factor and 0/5 g of calcium carbonate.
8. Corn cob 100 kg, corn flour 10 kg, soybean flour 10 kg, rice bran 5 kg, urea 5 kg, compound fertilizer 3 kg, magnesium sulfate 3 kg, lime 3 kg, calcium superphosphate 1 kg, clotrimazole 2 kg.
9. Sawdust 87%, chaff 5%, corn flour 5%, lime, gypsum and phosphate fertilizer each 65438 0%, Ke Mei Zengchanling 0.65438 0%.
10, 80kg of bean straw sawdust mixture, laopigskin 1 0kg, 5kg of chicken manure, 5kg of corn flour, 5kg of bean cake, 4kg of lime, 2kg of phosphate fertilizer 1 kg, 2kg of urea, 2kg of carbofuran, 5kg of calcium carbonate1kg, and 5kg of magnesium sulfate, and fermentation period.
Key points for mixing Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation materials:
1, the material should be new, and there should be no mildew, lumps, eggs, etc.
2. The main material is composite material, with complete nutrients and good air permeability, which is beneficial to mycelium growth and ensures high yield. Even if you use a single main ingredient, such as corncob, you should pay attention to the thickness and fineness of the material.
3. Material-water ratio, the amount of water added by different raw materials in culture is different, and it can't be fixed just based on a certain experience in the past. If the cotton skin is not depilated, the feed-water ratio is 1: 1.5, while the feed-water ratio is about 1: 1.3 when water is added to the depilated cotton skin. In addition, the dry and wet degree of raw materials and the particle size of raw materials all affect the amount of water added when mixing. Moreover, raw materials with different qualities have different draughts, and corncob raw materials can only be soaked for about 2 hours after mixing. That is to say, after mixing corncob raw materials for 2 hours, hold a handful of materials tightly with your hands, and if there are water drops between your fingers but they don't fall off, the water content is 65%.
4. In order to make the main material and auxiliary materials mix evenly, the main material, husk, corn flour, lime and gypsum are mixed evenly, and then the fertilizer, trace elements, bactericide and yield-increasing agent are dissolved in water and added into the main material evenly. Generally, pesticides are added to the fermented materials during the second pile turning. Another method is dry mixing, in which all auxiliary materials are mixed together, then sprinkled on the surface of the main material, dry mixed twice, and then fresh water is added to the pile, which is labor-saving, rapid and uniform.
Cultivation method of Pleurotus ostreatus
1, according to the above formula and mixing points, first mix the main cultivation materials evenly, measure the water content, then punch more holes in the center of the pile with a thick wooden stick to facilitate ventilation, and then cover the pile with a straw curtain or plastic to prevent a large amount of water loss.
2. Turn over the pile for the first time after 2 days, and add dichlorvos and other pesticides according to the season and environment. You must turn over the pile carefully, mix the material evenly inside and outside, up and down, wet and dry, and then make more holes with wooden sticks. After that, the pile is turned every 2 days, and the fermentation is completed in 6-7 days.
Matters needing attention in fermentation process:
① No additional water is needed in the fermentation process. If the local water loss is serious, it can be properly soaked in water.
(2) ensure ventilation during fermentation.
(3) A layer of white fluff generated on the surface of the pile body is actinomycetes, which can be evenly mixed into the main material without scattering when turning the pile.
④ There may be green and brown mixed bacteria on the surface or shallow layer during fermentation, which need to be cleaned up in time.
⑤ Criteria for successful fermentation of culture materials: the materials are reddish brown, uniform inside and outside, without yellow-white sandwich materials, rich in fermented wine flavor, and elastic when held in hand. The feed temperature is no longer rising continuously.
⑥ Fermentation seems simple, but in this process, it is influenced by geography, season and environment. , will change the process of biological changes in the fermentation process, resulting in different fermentation results. Inoculate the cultivation materials before they are fully developed. After the material is piled up, the fermentation process will continue, which will lead to the rapid heating of the fungus bag and burn the mycelium, or hinder the normal growth rate of the mycelium, acidify the main material, and give opportunities and environment for the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. If the fermented material is "overheated" and then inoculated, it will cause the loss of nutrients in the main material, resulting in insufficient growth stamina of mushrooms. However, judging from the success rate of cultivation, "too much is not enough" is better than "lack of fire".
3, bagging and inoculating
Preparation-Cut the purchased low-pressure polyethylene pipe into 22-25× 45cm bacterial bags in advance, and then fix one end of the bacterial bag with a stapler. Then use a potassium permanganate concentrated solution disinfection tool to hold the strains, and then break the high-quality third-grade strains into jujube-sized pieces for later use.
Before bagging, spread the fermented main cultivation materials into a thin layer, and then inoculate them in bags when the material temperature drops below 30 degrees. First, turn one end of the polythene barrel bag over to the other end to facilitate work, then put in a layer of main materials, press them by hand, then put in three-level strains, then put them in layer by layer, then put them in the bag-tying mouth of the full bag, then open the other end of the bacterial bag to put in strains, and then tie the mouth. It is suggested that each bacterium should be packed with four layers of bacteria, three layers of bacteria or five layers of bacteria, and more bacteria should be put at both ends. The fungus placed in the middle layer should be placed around the plastic bag, which will burn the fungus in the center of the fungus because of lack of oxygen or high temperature. After the bacteria are bagged, 7-8 small holes are drilled in each layer where the bacteria are placed, and two-inch nails are used, which is beneficial to the introduction of oxygen and the rapid colonization and growth of hyphae. The binding method can be sealed with a stapler, which is fast and breathable.
4. Hair bacteria
After bagging, it enters the spawning stage, and the key points of the spawning stage are as follows:
(1) temperature control. Because the cultivation materials are in full contact with the air during the process of turning, cooling and bagging, high temperature will be generated within 4- 15 days after bagging, so the stacking height of fungus bags should be reasonably arranged according to the season and temperature at that time. In the process of growing up. The temperature of the material will be 3-5 degrees higher than the room temperature, so the room temperature should be controlled between 20-25 degrees. If the feed temperature exceeds 35 degrees, the mycelium will be seriously damaged or even die. So strictly speaking, when the material temperature reaches 30 degrees, it must be ventilated upside down.
② Humidity control. High temperature and high humidity are easy to cause mixed bacteria pollution, and the relative humidity of air in the mycelium culture stage should be kept below 65%.
③ Oxygen supply. If it is found that hyphae can't grow normally even if they are piled up, it is necessary to punch holes at the inner side of the hyphae growth edge 1 cm with nails to supply sufficient oxygen.
(4) When killing insects, clean the contaminated bags in time.
After 22-30 days of culture, the fungus bag can grow full, and after 5-7 days of consolidation, it will enter the fruiting stage.