There are many types of mechanical equipment. When the mechanical equipment is running, some of its components and even itself can perform different forms of mechanical motion. Mechanical equipment is composed of driving device, transmission device, transmission device, working device, braking device, protective device, lubrication system, cooling system and other parts. Basic introduction Chinese name: Mechanical equipment Foreign name: Mechanical equipment Composition: driving device, transmission device, etc. Classification: fully automatic packaging machinery and semi-automatic packaging machinery Technical parameters: conveying capacity, component size, etc. Equipment management: coating equipment, painting equipment, etc. Hazards: Overview of moving parts, stationary and other hazards, types, stamping equipment, special equipment, structure, equipment management, coating equipment, painting equipment, conveying equipment, equipment testing, technical parameters, maintenance, main hazards, prevention methods, Overview Packaging machinery can be divided into fully automatic packaging machinery and semi-automatic packaging machinery according to the supply method of packaging materials and packaging materials; according to the scope of use of packaging materials, it can be divided into general packaging machines, dual-purpose packaging machines and special packaging machines; and According to the type of packaging, it can be divided into individual packaging machines, inner packaging machines and outer packaging machines. Packaging machinery used to process packaging materials and containers includes composite material processing machinery, bag making machinery, plastic hollow container processing machinery, etc. Packaging machinery is a major category of products in the packaging industry. It provides the industry with the necessary technical equipment to complete the required product packaging process. Packaging equipment includes machinery and equipment for synthetic packaging material manufacturing, printing, container forming and other processes. It is a machine that converts raw materials into packaging containers through processing, printing, forming, etc. Most of this type of equipment is a complete production line, which is closely related to technology and raw materials. Categories The main products of the machinery industry include the following 12 categories: ⑴ Agricultural machinery: tractors, seeders, harvesting machinery, etc. ⑵ Heavy mining machinery: metallurgical machinery, mining machinery, hoisting machinery, loading and unloading machinery, industrial and mining vehicles, cement equipment, kiln equipment, etc. ⑶. Engineering machinery: forklifts, shovel transportation machinery, compaction machinery, concrete machinery, etc. ⑷. Petrochemical general machinery: oil drilling machinery, oil refining machinery, chemical machinery, pumps, fans, valves, gas compressors, refrigeration and air conditioning machinery, paper making machinery, printing machinery, plastic processing machinery, pharmaceutical machinery, etc. ⑸. Electrical machinery: power generation machinery, transformers, motors, high and low voltage switches, wires and cables, batteries, welding machines, household appliances, etc. ⑹. Machine tools: metal cutting machine tools, forging machinery, casting machinery, woodworking machinery, etc. ⑺. Automobiles: trucks, highway buses, cars, modified cars, motorcycles, etc. ⑻. Instruments: automation instruments, electrical instruments, optical instruments, composition analyzers, automotive instruments, electrical equipment, audio-visual equipment, cameras, etc. Instrumentation ⑼. Basic machinery: bearings, hydraulic parts, seals, powder metallurgy products, standard fasteners, industrial chains, gears, molds, etc. ⑽. Packaging machinery: packaging machines, cartoning machines, conveyors, etc. ⑾. Environmental protection machinery: water pollution prevention and control equipment, air pollution prevention and control equipment, solid waste treatment equipment, etc. ⑿.Other machinery.
Stamping equipment Stamping equipment must have the following safety facilities: ⒈The stamping equipment should have nameplates, various operating instructions, safety and warning instructions; ⒉The power supply wiring should be standardized, and the cables of the equipment should not be damaged to prevent aging; ⒊The stamping equipment should have The door lock of the distribution box should have a key, and the power will be automatically cut off when the door is opened; ⒋A transfer switch with a key lock should be used to convert single, continuous, foot stamping and other operations; ⒌Continuous stamping shall not occur during a single stroke operation of the stamping equipment Stroke; ⒍When continuous stroke operation is selected, a pre-control action link should be provided during the operation; ⒎There must be an emergency stop button on the stamping equipment and it should be self-locking; ⒏There should be a chain control between foot operation and hand operation ; ⒐ Protective covers should be installed for transmission parts such as transmission gears, pulleys, flywheels, levers, etc. that are exposed outside the fuselage and on the top of the fuselage; ⒑ The foot-operated device adopts a foot-pedal type, and the electrical switch is controlled by the foot pedal. , and can automatically reset; ⒒ There should be protective covers on the upper part and both sides of the foot pedal, and the pedal should be anti-slip; ⒓ Stamping equipment must have safety protection measures to prevent hands from entering the closed area of ??the mold. The user should be based on the type of stamping equipment and production products. Depending on the shape of the workpiece and other conditions, safety measures for stamping operations such as automatic loading and unloading of materials, installation of safety protection devices, safety molds, and use of special tools for picking and feeding materials are adopted. Regularly conduct tests on the three tests of the electrical system (protective grounding, insulation, and withstand voltage tests), and provide test reports. Each stamping equipment should obtain a "Stamping Equipment Safety Permit" and it should be within the validity period. Special equipment Special equipment refers to boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement facilities, and special motor vehicles in sites (factories) that involve life safety and are highly dangerous. Special equipment includes the materials used, associated safety auxiliary files, safety protection devices and facilities related to the safety protection devices. Pressure vessel boilers refer to closed equipment that uses various fuels, electricity or other energy sources to heat the contained liquid to certain parameters and carry a certain pressure. Its scope is defined as pressure-bearing steam boilers with a volume greater than or equal to 30L; outlet A pressure-bearing hot water boiler with a water pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) and a rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW; organic heat carrier boiler. A pressure vessel refers to a closed device that contains gas or liquid and carries a certain pressure. Its scope is defined as gas, liquefied gases with a maximum working pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure), and the product of pressure and volume greater than or equal to 2.5MPa·L. Fixed containers and mobile containers for gases and liquids with a maximum working temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point; containing nominal working pressure greater than or equal to 0.2MPa (gauge pressure), and the product of pressure and volume is greater than or equal to 1.0MPa·L Cylinders of gases, liquefied gases and liquids with a standard boiling point equal to or lower than 60°C; oxygen chambers, etc. Pressure pipelines refer to tubular equipment used to transport gas or liquid using a certain pressure. Its scope is defined as gas, liquefied gas, steam medium or flammable, explosive or toxic medium with a maximum working pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure). , corrosive liquid media with a maximum working temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, and pipes with a nominal diameter greater than 25mm. Elevators refer to mechanical and electrical equipment that is driven by power and uses boxes running along rigid guide rails or steps (steps) running along fixed lines to lift or transport people and goods in parallel, including passenger (cargo) elevators, escalators, and moving walkways. wait. Hoisting machinery refers to electromechanical equipment used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement of heavy objects. Its scope is defined as lifts with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 0.5t; a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 1t, and a lifting height greater than or equal to 2m crane and electric hoist with fixed load-bearing form, etc. Passenger ropeway refers to electromechanical equipment that is driven by power and uses flexible ropes to pull boxes and other vehicles to transport people, including passenger aerial ropeways, passenger cable cars, passenger towing ropeways, etc.
Oil-water separation mainly includes: adsorption method, ultrafiltration method, hot oil separation method and centrifugal method, etc. Painting equipment, painting methods, there are many painting methods, including brushing, dipping, air spraying, high-pressure airless spraying, electrostatic spraying, electrophoretic painting, spray painting, roller coating, etc. Painting environment, the ideal painting environment should meet the requirements of good lighting, appropriate temperature, humidity and cleanliness of air, good ventilation and fire and explosion protection. The function of spray painting equipment is to limit the oversprayed paint mist to a certain area and filter it, so that the operator can obtain a working environment that meets sanitary conditions and safety regulations. In addition, construction conditions with certain temperature, humidity, and cleanliness should also be provided. Common spray paint booth classifications 1) Dry spray booth: suitable for spraying of small batches of workpieces; 2) Spray spray booth: suitable for spraying of small workpieces; 3) Water curtain spray booth: suitable for spraying of medium workpieces; 4) Water Rotary spray booth: suitable for spray painting of large workpieces with high decorative requirements. The main structure of the spray booth 1) Chamber body: Its function is to limit the overspray mist within a certain range. 2) Paint mist filtering device: There are two types: dry type and wet type. Dry type: Filter the paint mist through baffles or filter paper. Wet type: The paint mist particles are separated from the air through the mixing of air and water. 3) Water supply system: ensure the normal circulation of the water required in the wet spray paint room. 4) Ventilation system: It consists of air supply and exhaust. It provides air with a certain temperature, humidity and cleanliness to the equipment to ensure that the indoor air is in a laminar flow state. 5) Lighting device: Ensure that the equipment has good illumination. Dip paint equipment immerses the workpiece in the paint liquid, and uses the adhesion of the paint liquid to adhere a layer of paint to the surface of the workpiece. Mechanical electrophoretic painting equipment. Electrostatic spraying equipment, electrostatic spraying: realized based on the principle of the action of electrostatic field on electric charges. It generally includes an electrostatic spray booth, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, an electrostatic spray gun device, a paint supply device, and a safety device. Electrophoretic painting equipment, electrophoretic painting: Under the action of an external electric field, ionized paint particles dispersed in water are electrophoretically applied to the work surface to form a protective coating. Powder electrostatic spraying equipment, powder coating has good economy, no environmental pollution, high efficiency, and the coating thickness can reach more than 50 μm in one spraying. Powder electrostatic spraying equipment mainly includes a powder spraying chamber, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, an electrostatic spray gun, a powder supply device, and a powder recovery device. Drying equipment The main classification and composition of drying equipment. There are various types of drying equipment. They can usually be divided into heating methods according to the production organization method, chamber shape, energy use, heat transfer method, air circulation method in the room, etc. They are: convection drying, radiation drying, convection radiation drying; according to the structure, they are divided into: straight-through type, bridge type, half-bridge type, dead-end type, double-layer type, П-shaped, etc. Main components: 1. Chamber body: prevents the circulating hot air from overflowing and keeps the indoor temperature within a certain range; 2. Heating system: has radiant heating and convection heating to ensure that the indoor air temperature is controlled within the range of process requirements; 3. . Air duct: guides hot air to circulate in the drying room and transfers heat to the workpiece; 4. Air filter: filters dust in the air; 5. Air heater: heats indoor circulating air; 6. Fan: forces the drying room to Hot air circulation; 7. Air curtain system: prevents hot air from overflowing and improves thermal efficiency; 8. Temperature control system: a device that ensures that the temperature of each indoor section reaches the process requirements. Conveying equipment Equipment classification Mechanized conveying equipment is mainly divided into two categories: air conveying and ground conveying. Aerial conveying includes: ordinary hanging conveyor, double chain hanging conveyor, light hanging conveyor, accumulation and release hanging conveyor, self-propelled hoist conveying, etc. Ground transportation includes: reverse accumulation conveyor, skid conveyor, tank chain conveyor, ordinary ground conveyor, etc. The role of mechanized equipment is to play an organizational and coordinating role in the entire coating production line. Equipment test 1) Drying equipment mainly tests the uniformity of the furnace temperature, which is usually controlled at ± 5 ℃. A furnace thermometer can be used to test up to 6 positions at a time.
2) Spray painting equipment mainly tests illumination, temperature, humidity and average wind speed: For spray painting equipment with higher requirements, the illumination requirement is 800 ~ 1000Lx, the temperature requirement is 23 ± 2 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 ± 5, and the average wind speed is 0.45 ~0.55m/s. 3) The noise of all equipment in the operating area is ≤ 85db. Technical parameters are generally determined based on the requirements of the material handling system, various conditions at the material loading and unloading location, relevant production processes and material characteristics, etc. ①Conveying capacity: The conveying capacity of the conveyor refers to the amount of material transported per unit time. When conveying bulk materials, it is calculated based on the mass or volume of materials conveyed per hour; when conveying pieces of items, it is calculated based on the number of pieces conveyed per hour. ②Conveying speed: Increasing the conveying speed can improve the conveying capacity. When the conveyor belt is used as the traction element and the conveying length is large, the conveying speed increases day by day. However, high-speed belt conveyors need to pay attention to vibration, noise, starting, braking and other issues. For conveyors that use chains as traction components, the conveying speed should not be too high to prevent increased dynamic loads. For conveyors that perform process operations at the same time, the conveying speed should be determined according to the production process requirements. ③Component size: The component dimensions of the conveyor include conveyor width, slat width, hopper volume, pipe diameter and container size, etc. The dimensions of these components directly affect the conveying capacity of the conveyor. ④Conveying length and inclination angle: The length and inclination angle of the conveying line directly affect the total resistance and required power of the conveyor. Maintenance ⒈ To ensure that mechanical equipment is always in good technical condition and can be put into operation at any time, reduce downtime, improve mechanical integrity and utilization, reduce mechanical wear, extend mechanical service life, reduce mechanical operation and maintenance costs, and ensure complete maintenance production, we must strengthen the maintenance of mechanical equipment; 2. Mechanical maintenance must implement the principle of "paying equal attention to maintenance and focusing on prevention", ensure regular and mandatory maintenance, and correctly handle the relationship between use, maintenance and repair. It is not allowed to Only use without maintenance, only repair without maintenance; 3. Each team must perform maintenance work on various types of machinery according to mechanical maintenance procedures and maintenance categories. No unreasonable delay is allowed. In special circumstances, maintenance can only be postponed after approval by the specialist in charge. However, generally It shall not exceed half of the specified maintenance interval; 4. Maintenance of machinery must ensure quality and be carried out item by item in accordance with specified items and requirements, and no maintenance or failure shall be allowed. Maintenance items, maintenance quality and problems found during maintenance should be well recorded and reported to the department's specialists; 5. Maintenance personnel and maintenance departments should achieve "three inspections and one handover (self-inspection, mutual inspection, full-time inspection and one handover). )", constantly sum up maintenance experience and improve maintenance quality; 6. The Asset Management Department regularly supervises and inspects the mechanical maintenance status of each unit, conducts regular or irregular spot checks on maintenance quality, and rewards the superior and punishes the inferior. The power device of energy-saving speed-regulating mechanical equipment mainly comes from AC motors. When the motor is started, the current will be 5-6 times higher than the rated value, which will not only affect the service life of the motor but also consume more power. When designing the system, There will be a certain margin in motor selection. The speed of the motor is fixed, but in actual use, it sometimes has to run at a lower or higher speed. In this case, a SAJ frequency converter is generally installed to achieve soft start of the motor, achieve energy-saving speed regulation by changing the input voltage frequency of the equipment, and provide overcurrent, overvoltage, overload and other protection functions for the equipment. Main hazards Hazard factors of mechanical equipment Mechanical hazards include hazards of moving parts, hazards of stationary hazards and other hazards. ⒈ Hazards from moving parts This hazard mainly comes from dangerous parts of mechanical equipment, including: ⑴ Rotating parts, such as rotating shafts, bumps and holes, rotating connectors, mandrels, and rotating tool holders and fan blades , flywheel, etc. ⑵The intersection between rotating parts and tangentially moving parts, such as power transmission belts and their transmission wheels, chains and sprockets, etc. ⑶The occlusion between identical rotating parts, such as gears, rolling mills, mixing wheels, etc. ⑷The bite between rotating parts and fixed parts, such as rotating mixers and mixer devices with unprotected opening shells. ⑸ Dangerous parts with reciprocating motion or sliding, such as the hammer body of the forging hammer, the slide block of the pressure machine, the blade of the shearing machine, the teeth on the edge of the band saw machine, etc.
⑹ Danger between rotating parts and sliding parts, such as mechanisms on some flatbed printing machines, textile mechanisms, etc. 2. Stationary hazardous factors include stationary cutting tools and blades, protruding mechanical parts, sharp edges and rough surface parts of blanks, tools and equipment, and workbench planes that may cause slips and falls. ⒊ Other hazardous factors: flying tools, fixtures, mechanical parts, flying cutting or workpieces, impact or twisting of running workpieces, etc. If the above hazard factors are not effectively controlled by prevention methods, such as improper protection of moving parts, no safety device or failure of the safety device, equipment operating under abnormal conditions, incomplete safety operating procedures or operators not operating in accordance with the procedures, etc. It is very likely to cause mechanical injury accidents. 100L Vacuum Homogenizing Emulsifying Machine Mechanical Hazards There are many types of mechanical equipment used in modern industrial production, and each has its own characteristics, but it also has many hazards. Therefore, the prevention of mechanical injury accidents can be strengthened from the aspects of mechanical equipment design, manufacturing, inspection; installation, use; maintenance; and operating environment: 1. Preventive measures during the design and manufacturing process. Mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprises must When producing equipment, design, manufacture, and install safety protection devices at the same time to achieve intrinsic safety of mechanical equipment and not leave problems to users. The specific requirements are: ⑴ The requirements for setting protective devices are that all transmission belts, rotating shafts, transmission chains, couplings, pulleys, gears, flywheels, Protective devices must be installed on dangerous parts and dangerous parts such as sprockets and electric saws. Requirements for protective devices: a. Firm installation, reliable performance, and sufficient strength and rigidity; b. Suitable for the operating conditions of machinery and equipment, without hindering production and operation; c. Durable, without affecting equipment adjustment, repair, lubrication and Inspection, etc.; d. The protective device itself should not cause harm to the operator; e. When the machine is abnormal, the protective device should have the function of preventing danger; f. The electrical, electronic, and mechanical components of the automated protective device require accurate action and high performance It is stable and has a method to check whether the line performance is reliable. ⑵The design of machinery and equipment must consider the convenience of inspection and maintenance. When necessary, special inspection and maintenance tools or devices should be supplied with the equipment. ⑶In order to prevent the running machinery, equipment or parts from exceeding the limit position, a reliable limit device should be installed. ⑷ Machinery and equipment should be equipped with reliable braking devices to ensure effective braking when approaching danger. ⑸Pneumatic and hydraulic transmission machinery of machinery and equipment should be equipped with devices to control overpressure and prevent leakage. ⑹ For parts of machinery and equipment that are easily thrown out during high-speed operation, devices should be designed to prevent them from loosening, and safety devices such as protective covers or protective nets should be installed. ⑺When the operating position of the machine equipment is more than 2m above the ground, an operating platform, railings, handrails, hoardings, etc. should be installed. ⑻ The control device of mechanical equipment should be installed at an operating position where the operator can see the entire equipment. When the entire equipment being controlled cannot be seen from the console, an emergency switch must be installed at an appropriate location on the equipment. ⑼ All types of machinery and equipment must take anti-noise measures in their design so that the machine noise is lower than the national noise standards. ⑽ All machinery and equipment that generates dust, harmful gases or harmful steam during the process should use automatic feeding and automatic unloading devices as much as possible, and must have suction, purification and discharge devices to ensure that the concentration of harmful substances emitted in the workplace complies with TJ36- 70 "Hygienic Standards for Design of Industrial Enterprises" and GBJ4-73 "Trial Standards for Industrial "Three Wastes" Emissions". ⑾Safe colors should be used when designing machinery and equipment. Danger-prone parts must have safety signs. Safety colors and signs should be bright, clear, and durable. ⑿ Shielding measures should be taken for parts of machinery and equipment that generate high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, strong radiation, etc. ⒀Machines and equipment with electrical appliances should have good grounding (or zero connection) to prevent electric shock, and pay attention to anti-static. ⒉ Preventive measures during installation and use ⑴ Install the machine and equipment in accordance with the instructions and technical information provided by the manufacturer. Homemade machinery and equipment must also comply with the requirements of GB5083-85 "General Principles for Safety and Hygiene Design of Production Equipment".
⑵ In accordance with the principle of "three simultaneousness" of safety and health, necessary safety protection devices should be set when installing machinery and equipment, such as protective fences, safety operating desks, etc. ⑶The equipment supervisor or relevant departments should formulate equipment operating procedures, safe operating procedures and equipment maintenance systems, and implement them. ⒊ Strengthen maintenance ⑴ Daily maintenance requires operators to do the following during each shift: carefully check and wipe all parts of the machinery and equipment before and after the shift; refuel on time and according to quality; keep the equipment clean and lubricated at all times ,good. During the shift, machines and equipment are used strictly in accordance with operating procedures, faults are promptly eliminated, and shift handovers are done well. ⑵ First-level maintenance, mainly operators, with the cooperation of maintenance workers, partially disassembles and inspects the machinery and equipment; cleans the specified parts; cleans the oil filter, oil separator, oil pipes, oil holes, linoleum, oil lines, etc. Ensure that the oil circuit is smooth and the oil mark is eye-catching; adjust the matching clearance of various parts of the equipment and strengthen all parts. ⑶ Secondary maintenance, mainly maintenance workers, with the participation of operating workers, conduct targeted partial disassembly inspection, repair or replacement of worn parts of the equipment to restore local accuracy; clean and inspect the lubrication system, and replace aged oil; Inspect and repair electrical systems, safety devices, etc. ⒋Improve the working environment ⑴The floor of the working place should be flat and clean, and there should be no pits, holes, etc.; there should be no water stains or oil stains to prevent tripping and slipping. ⑵ Necessary space and passages should be left around machine tools and equipment, and the spacing must meet the corresponding minimum safety distance requirements. The minimum safety distance can refer to the following figures: when there is no working place between the side of the machine tool and the wall or pillar, the spacing is 400-500mm; when there is a working place, the spacing is 1000-1200mm; when there is no working place between the machine tools, the spacing is 800mm; when there is a working place on one side of the machine tool and pedestrians pass by regularly, the distance is 1200mm; when there are working places on both sides of the machine tool, the distance between the machine tools is 1500mm; when there are working places on both sides of the machine tool and pedestrians pass by, the distance between the machine tools is 1500mm. The spacing is 1800mm; the spacing of automatic machine tools arranged at 15 degrees is 600-800mm.