The treatment of myopia can be divided into surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment.
(1) The best treatment for myopia-wearing a pair of appropriate glasses.
The nearsighted patients' farsightedness is reduced to varying degrees, and the scenery a few meters away is hazy. When they go to the mall, they can't see the displayed goods and price tags clearly. Walking on the road, you can't recognize the acquaintances coming across, don't say hello to people, and are considered to put on airs and ignore people; The students misread the exercises on the blackboard and did the wrong homework. All these make the nearsighted miserable. The only way to get out of this hazy world is to wear glasses. However, some patients suffering from myopia would rather not see things clearly in the distance, squint and worry than wear glasses. The reason is that it is inconvenient for young people to wear glasses, and they are afraid of touching and falling. Others think that wearing glasses is not good-looking and hinders appearance. I'm afraid that the deeper I wear my glasses, the more I don't want to take them off. Put my glasses in my pocket and wear them only when I look far away. In fact, this idea is not correct. People with myopia can't see distant objects clearly because the parallel light entering the eye can't focus on the retina. Although you can see things at close range clearly, your eyes are too close to the book when you study, which can easily cause eye fatigue. Children are nearsighted, their performance is not lively, their attention in class is not concentrated, their academic performance on the blackboard is not clear, and sometimes they may have strabismus. If you put on a pair of suitable myopia glasses, you can move the image in front of the retina backwards so that it falls right on the retina, so you can see things clearly immediately. This will bring great convenience to work or study, so why not? As for the inconvenience and ugliness of wearing glasses, these concerns should be dispelled. Wearing glasses is to correct vision defects and reduce eye fatigue. After wearing them for a few days, you will get used to it, and there is nothing wrong with it. After wearing glasses, will myopia get deeper and deeper? We said generally not. Whether myopia develops or not has nothing to do with wearing glasses. It is true that some people suffering from myopia have deepened their myopia after wearing glasses for a while, and they have to re-optometry glasses. What is the reason? Some people feel that everything is all right after wearing glasses. When writing or reading, they are still very close, do not pay attention to eyesight hygiene, read for too long, or read while lying down, walking or reading in a place with insufficient lighting. For a long time, it also leads to vision fatigue and myopia. Some young people regard wearing glasses as a burden. They wear them for a while, don't wear them for a while, wear them when they are happy, don't wear them when they are unhappy, or wear them only when they are looking at a distance, which makes their eyes often in an unstable state of adjustment and gradually deepens their myopia. Others have not undergone mydriasis optometry or the optometrist's inexperience makes the glasses unsuitable. Some people just buy a pair of glasses in the store or wear them with other people's glasses. Even if they wear glasses, they can barely see them, but they can't last long. After a long time, their eyes will feel sore and uncomfortable. Not only can vision not be improved, but it will deepen myopia. Therefore, people with myopia must go to the hospital for mydriasis optometry or ask an experienced optometrist for optometry, and wear a pair of suitable glasses all day long except sleeping and washing their faces. Remember never to borrow someone else's glasses blindly.
how can I get an accurate and comfortable pair of glasses?
Teenagers are short-sighted, so they must go to the hospital to check their eyesight and mydriasis optometry. Mydriatic optometry, also known as objective optometry, is the application of drugs (such as 2% atropine, 1% atropine eye drops, etc.) to make the ciliary muscle completely paralyzed, the pupil dilated, and the adjustment function lost. In this way, the interference caused by accommodation and the false myopia caused by it are eliminated, and the refractive state of the eye is determined objectively and accurately. Then, grind the glasses according to the prescription determined by optometry, and equip the ground < P > lenses on the pre-selected glasses frame. Usually at a certain time after mydriasis optometry, a re-examination is needed. To observe whether there are any abnormal discomforts such as dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, distorted vision or unstable walking. Through re-examination, the objective mydriasis optometry results and subjective post-examination results are organically combined to ensure the high quality of glasses fitting to the greatest extent, so as to achieve the best effect of correcting vision.
Some young people don't want to mydriatic optometry, for fear that their eyes will be uncomfortable after mydriasis, and they can't see things clearly nearby. In fact, this kind of worry is unnecessary. Pharmacologically, drugs used in mydriasis optometry (such as atropine, homatropine, etc.) are anticholinergic drugs. Its function is to relax the pupillary dilators and ciliary muscles, which is manifested as pupillary dilation and paralysis of accommodation. The effect of this drug is only temporary. As long as it is no longer used, the paralysis of the drug will naturally disappear after a certain period of time. If mydriasis optometry is not used, due to the adjustment of ciliary muscle and lens, the result of excessive degree or pseudomyopia may be detected. Therefore, juvenile myopia should be mydriasis optometry and choose appropriate myopia glasses. Only when the following conditions exist:
(1) Patients with shallow anterior chamber, high intraocular pressure or high limit of normal value and suspected glaucoma should wait for detailed medical history and definite diagnosis before optometry. The application of mydriatic optometry is absolutely forbidden for glaucoma patients.
(2) serious lens, vitreous opacity, corneal leukoplakia, due to the difficulty of examination, mydriasis optometry is meaningless.
(3) Severe pupil adhesion, the pupil can not be dilated normally after using mydriatic drugs, and there is no need for mydriatic optometry.
(4) People over 4 years old generally don't use mydriasis optometry because of the weakened adjustment ability of ciliary muscles.
At present, the main material for making spectacle lenses is optical glass, also called optical spectacle lenses. In addition, there are optical resin glasses.
Optical glass has the following advantages
(1) The light transmittance is high, and the light transmittance can reach 92%. If one or more antireflection films of magnesium fluoride are coated on the lens surface, the light transmittance of the lens can reach 99.2%.
(2) Absorb ultraviolet rays to avoid eye damage caused by ultraviolet rays.
(3) chemically stable and resistant to corrosion by chemicals such as acid and alkali.
(4) The refractive index is constant and accurate. The refractive index is 1.523, which is constant and accurate, and the diopter after processing is accurate.
optical resin is characterized by light weight, hardness close to glass and refractive index of 1.49. The new high refractive index thermosetting resin has a refractive index of 1.6, and its surface is coated with super hard film and non-reflective multilayer film, which enhances the wear resistance, the light transmittance can reach 98%, and it can block ultraviolet rays. Glasses made of optical resin are not easy to break and damage the eyeball, and are safe, so they have been widely used at present. The material of crystal is hard, wear-resistant and heat-insulating, but the ultraviolet absorption performance is worse than that of optical glass, and the light transmittance is also poor. It is not an ideal material for making glasses, and it is not an eye-catching product.
The processing of lens layer luminosity must be accurate, and the grinded lens should be consistent with the prescription, and the diopter error should generally not exceed the ministerial standard issued by the Ministry of Light Industry. The distance between the optical centers of the two glasses should also be consistent with the distance between the pupils of the two eyes.
What people see and wear every day are glasses that are placed on the bridge of the nose or clamped on the ears, which is very inconvenient. There are also some people who have a high degree of myopia in one eye and a low degree in the other; Or one eye had cataract surgery and the other eye was normal. Because the anisometropia of both eyes is too big, one eye sees something big and the other eye sees something too small, and the visual center can't fuse them together, so ordinary glasses can't be worn. In recent years, a kind of glasses, commonly known as contact lenses, has appeared. It is a lens directly worn on the surface of the tear layer of the cornea, and there is a liquid mirror composed of tears between the cornea and the lens. In this way, a new refractive system is composed of lens, liquid mirror, cornea and other refractive stroma of the eye. It is called contact lens in medicine.
Contact lenses can be divided into hard contact lenses and soft contact lenses according to different lens materials. Hard contact lenses are made of plexiglass mainly made of methyl methacrylate, which is hard and not easy to deform. Suitable for correcting high astigmatism and keratoconus. Its disadvantage is that it has poor air permeability and cannot penetrate oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and metabolic substances, so it is uncomfortable to wear. Soft contact lens is made of glycolic acid methacrylate or silicone rubber, which is soft, breathable, and can absorb moisture. It is soft and comfortable to wear, and can be used to treat corneal diseases, but it is easy to change its shape and is not suitable for astigmatism eyes.
according to the way of wearing, there are two types: long wearing type and daily wearing type. Those who wear contact lenses overnight for more than two consecutive days are long-wearing, including weekly, monthly and even non-take-off. Long-wearing lenses are worn for several days before they are removed and cleaned once. protein and other substances in tears are deposited on the lenses, and eventually permanent turbid spots occur, which affects the clarity of the lenses. What is more serious is the breeding of bacteria, which is prone to infectious keratitis. In view of this, the long wearing method is no longer advocated at present. When the daily wear type is worn continuously for less than 14 hours
, it must be removed every night for necessary cleaning, disinfection and proper storage, and then worn on this day. Because of the daily wearing method, the lens will be removed every night for cleaning, and the lens will not show permanent turbid spots. Daily cleaning and disinfection greatly reduces the possibility of infectious keratitis. Therefore, we must adhere to the daily wear mode, and the long wear mode is not desirable. Contact lenses have the advantages that ordinary glasses do not have, and solve the problems that ordinary glasses can't solve. Because the contact lens is closely attached to the cornea and can rotate with the rotation of the eyeball, no matter the eyeball turns in any direction, the light always enters the eye through the center of the lens, eliminating the defects of prism effect and oblique astigmatism produced by the edge of ordinary glasses. Contact lens is ground according to the curvature and diopter of the patient's cornea surface, and it clings to the cornea, so that the lens, tear layer and cornea form a new refractive stroma and participate in forming a complete optical unit. The curvature of the lens surface can be ground at will according to the refractive requirements. It replaces the irregular curvature of the corneal surface, effectively eliminates the irregular astigmatism of the cornea, and narrows the size gap between the two eyes. Because the contact lens is close to the cornea, the distance from the center of the eyeball is shortened. After the light passes through, the image formed on the retina is similar to that without the lens, and things will not be enlarged or reduced. It avoids the shortcomings of ordinary glasses and is most suitable for those with large anisometropia in both eyes or aphakia in one eye. Contact lenses are thin and light, and are attached to the corneal surface, which is much more convenient than thick and heavy lenses of high myopia glasses. In addition, it brings great convenience to people with special needs (such as actors and athletes). It is precisely because contact lenses have so many advantages that ordinary glasses do not have, so their application scope is much wider than ordinary glasses. Contact lenses are more suitable for the following situations:
(1) High myopia, anisometropia of both eyes over 3.D, mixed astigmatism or irregular astigmatism of cornea. In particular, some literary and art or sports workers can choose to use contact lenses because of their professional needs and wearing ordinary glasses will affect their work or competition results.
(2) Some people have undergone monocular cataract surgery, and because of the large anisometropia, they can't wear ordinary glasses, so they can only wear contact lenses.
(3) Soft contact lenses can be used to treat corneal edema, exposed keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Painting the periphery of the lens with the same color as the iris and keeping the central part transparent can eliminate the symptoms of photophobia of albino patients and patients with iris defect. In recent years, there are also contact lenses specially made for therapeutic purposes. Some drugs are soaked in the contact lenses, which can be released to the conjunctival sac regularly. This not only reduces the number of drug points and saves the dosage, but also keeps the dosage in the conjunctival sac at a high concentration all the time, achieving better therapeutic effects, such as treating glaucoma and corneal ulcer.
Although contact lenses have many advantages, they also have certain limitations, which are not suitable for everyone to wear. There are three taboos for wearing contact lenses.
* Self-conditioned entropion cilia, incomplete closure, dacryocystitis, dry eye, severe trachoma and chronic conjunctivitis, keratitis, diabetes, hypertension, sinusitis, etc.
* environmental conditions: sandstorm, dust, volatile chemicals and seriously polluted environment.
* Those who have bad personal hygiene habits and poor self-care ability can't insist on serious nursing, such as primary and secondary school students.
despite the continuous improvement of contact lenses, their chemical properties, comfort and safety have reached an ideal level, and they have been widely used. With the popularization of application and long-term clinical observation, some complications with different degrees have appeared. Such as corneal injury, conjunctival inflammation and corneal infection.
For many years, curing myopia and taking off glasses has become the urgent wish of people who wear glasses because of myopia, looking forward to the arrival of the nemesis and gospel of myopia and realizing a dream of taking off glasses. It is in this case that some therapeutic instruments and drugs that cater to parents and teenagers' eagerness to take off their glasses have emerged, which is called effective rate of more than 95%.
The methods used to treat myopia include acupuncture, plum blossom acupuncture, ear acupuncture, electroacupuncture, low-frequency current, ultrasonic wave and acupoint laser irradiation. These therapies have a certain effect on the prevention of myopia and the treatment of pseudomyopia, but they have no definite curative effect on true myopia. In recent years, countless medical personnel and pharmaceutical experts engaged in ophthalmology have made beneficial research on the treatment of myopia, and formulated some drugs for treating myopia, such as Xiatianwu Eye Drops, 1% Dibazole Eye Drops, < P > Danshen Eye Drops, Honghua Eye Drops, Myopia No.1 and No.2 Eye Drops, etc. These eye drops can relieve ciliary muscle spasm to a certain extent, and have a certain effect on mild myopia, especially juvenile myopia and pseudomyopia. The vision of some patients can be improved, but the curative effect is not consolidated. In short, the effect of drugs on myopia is not satisfactory at present. As for the therapeutic instruments for myopia, such as magnetic therapy glasses, vision care instruments, vision care instruments, vision correction instruments, physiotherapy mirrors, eye masks and magic mirrors, there are many varieties, and advertisements are frequently seen in various propaganda media, and their advertising words are extremely exaggerated. What's more, some of them are crowned with national patents, which is really attractive. Many people who have the mentality of trying it out have to spend money and time, and finally have to wear glasses.
(2) Surgical treatment of myopia
Indications for surgical treatment of myopia: over 18 years old; Myopia diopter 2.5D or above; Wear glasses to correct normal vision; There is a need to take off glasses; No active corneal lesions or keratoconus; No history of diabetes or collagen diseases.
As mentioned above, myopia can be treated by acupuncture, medicine and other methods, but the more reliable treatment is still wearing myopia glasses. However, both wearing frame glasses and wearing contact lenses have some insurmountable shortcomings. Can you correct your vision by surgery? In 198s, some advanced countries in the world successively carried out the surgical treatment of myopia-radial keratotomy, or PRK for short. This surgical method originated in Japan, and then the ophthalmologists in the former Soviet Union < P > and the United States and other countries improved and perfected the surgical method and equipment, which greatly improved the accuracy of radial keratotomy, and accumulated a lot of clinical experience and achieved good therapeutic results. Especially for young people over 2 years old.