Windows98/me
Windows2000/XP
Windows Server2003
Windows Vista
Windows98/me is a mixed 16/32-bit operating system based on MS-DOS, and it is gradually withdrawing from the PC stage. Both 2000/XP and Server2003 are 32-bit operating systems based on WindowsNT, and XP/Server2003 has a 64-bit version. Vista is the latest version developed by Microsoft and is expected to be launched in 2006. Mainly supported Intel, AMD AMD, and later added support for PowerPC and MIPS. Microsoft's operating system basically dominates the personal PC market, accounting for about 90% of the market share.
UNIX like
AIX developer IBM
AIX is the abbreviation of Advanced Interactive eXecutive, and it is IBM's UNIX operating system. The design of the whole system, from network, host hardware system to operating system, completely follows the principle of open system.
RS/6000 adopts IBM's UNIX operating system-AIX as its operating system, which is the most successful, widely used and open second-generation UNIX system in the operating system field at present. It is especially suitable for key data processing.
Support PowerPC POWER processor.
The current version is AIX 5L 5.3,
Supports 64 processors, 2TB memory, 16TB JFS2 file system and 16TB JFS2 file.
HP -UX developer HP
With the launch of 1996 64-bit PA-8000 processor, Hewlett-Packard Company started the implementation plan of 64-bit technology, forming the foundation of the fastest commercial and engineering application server in the industry. In order to match the advanced hardware, HP has gradually implanted 64-bit functions into HP-UX, HP's leading UNIX operating system in the industry. HP-UX 10. 10 and 10.20 have very large file systems and files respectively.
HP -UX 1 1.00 also has a 32-bit version, so the system based on 32-bit PA-7X00 can also get the new functions and features of HP-UX1.00; Customers of K-series and T-series systems based on PA-8X00 must choose between 32-bit or 64-bit versions of HP UX. HP's V-series system leads the industry in performance (39,469 469TPMS) and can only run 64-bit HP -UX 1 1.00.
It mainly runs on HP's PA series processors and Intel's An Teng series processors.
The latest version of HP-UX 1 1i v2.
It can manage 128 processors, 1TB memory, 32TB file system and up to 2TB files.
IRIX developer SGI
SGI is the first company specializing in the production of graphic display terminals, and the OpenGL standard was put forward by SGI. The operating system developed by SGI mainly runs on the graphics workstation based on MIPS processor. 1992, SGI acquired MIPS, MIPS, 1998, MIPS left SGI to establish MIPS technology company. In 2003, SGI introduced the Altix series operating system based on Linux.
Mac OS X developer apple
Apple's operating system on Macintosh is mainly used in the field of graphics, which occupies a large market share in the field of graphics processing. Mac OS is the first successful graphical user operating system in the commercial field. Mac OS9 and earlier versions are sold on Macs. It does not support other devices, and every time there is a new device, it needs to be supported by adding an extension. The new Mac OS X combines elements of BSDUnix, NeXTStep and Mac OS 9. Unix-style memory management and preemptive multitasking are adopted, and the kernel based on BSDUnix is built at the bottom, which is partially open source.
The latest system version is Mac OS X v 10.4.2.
It can only run on Macs with PowerPC G3 or above processors. Apple is cooperating with Intel, indicating that it will adopt x86 processors in the future.
Solaris developer sun
Originally developed based on BSD Unix, it was later directly called Sun OS. Since Sun OS5, it has been listed under the name Solaris. Starting from Solaris 10, it is also free open source software. At first, it was mainly written for SPARC and x86, and later it can support a large number of processors after some changes. Solaris 10 began to support 64-bit processors.
FreeBSD developers Nate Williams, Rod Grimes and Jordan Hubbard.
Bill Jolitz's 386BSD has developed into three branches: FreeBSD, NetBSD OpenBSD OpenBSD, all of which are free and open source operating systems. The first FreeBSD CD was released in 1993+ February.
FreeBSD is an operating system running on personal computers, which mainly supports x86 processors. It also supports other CPU compatible with Intel, such as AMD and Cyrix.
FreeBSD can provide you with many advanced functions that are only available in expensive workstations. These functions include:
Pre-empt multitasking.
The complete TCP/IP network functions include SLIP, PPP, NFS and NIS.
Memory protection can ensure that one user will not disturb other users. And one application can't affect other programs.
The standard X window system (X Window, X 1 1R6) provides a good graphical user interface (GUI) for general VGA graphics cards and screens, and provides a complete source code.
Binary programs compiled on other operating systems (such as SCO, BSDI, NetBSD, Linux and 386BSD) can be directly executed.
Thousands of ready-made applications can be found in FreeBSD ports and software packages. Save you the trouble of looking for software everywhere on the internet.
Virtual memory that can be replaced only when needed (paging virtual memory and reasonable virtual memory and file buffer buffering function (merged VM/buffer cache).
NetBSD development team
NetBSD is a completely free UNIX-like operating system. It is a branch of BSD, focusing on boasting about platform applications. It supports more than 50 kinds of hardware platforms and has high portability and hardware platform compatibility. It can run on various hardware platforms, from 64-bit alpha servers to handheld devices. NetBSD's clear design and many advanced features make it an outstanding product and research environment. But also supports various resources of users. Many of its applications are easily available.
OpenBSD developer is a development team led by Theo de Raddt, a former core member of NetBSD.
OpenBSD is scheduled to be released by NetBSD.
It is a free, multi-platform Unix-like operating system based on 4.4BSD, and its goal is to emphasize correctness, security, standardization and portability. Focus on security and strive to be the safest operating system. OpenBSD supports most binary simulations, including SVR 4 (Solaris), FreeBSD, Linux, BSDI, SUNOS and HPUX.
Linux operating system
RedHat/Fedora developer Red Hat. incorporated company
Redhat linux is one of the earliest linux distributions, and it is also the earliest Linux version that uses the software management package RPM. Since 9.0, Redhat no longer releases the desktop version, but cooperates with the open source community, so Fedora is the Linux distribution. The latest version is FC4.0.
Slackware developer Slackware Linux Company
Slackware Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution developed by Patrick Volkerding. Unlike many other distributions, it adheres to the principle of KISS (keep it simple and stupid), that is, there is no graphical interface tool for configuring the system. At first, there will be some difficulties in configuring the system, but more experienced users will like the transparency and flexibility of this method.
Another outstanding feature of Slackware Linux also conforms to the KISS principle: Slackware does not have such a mature package manager as RPM. Slackware's software package is usually a tgz(tar/gzip) format file plus an installation script. For experienced users, Tgz is more powerful than RPM, and avoids the dependency problem of managers such as RPM. Another well-known feature of Slackware is the BSD-style initialization script. Slackware uses the same script for all run levels/tasks instead of linking a bunch of scripts at different run levels. This allows you to easily tune the system without writing new scripts yourself.
Debian developer Debian project
Debian is famous for its loyalty to Unix and free software and its rich choices. Its latest version contains 50,000 software packages and supports 1 1 architectures, from ARM to IBM S390, from x86 to PowerPC on personal computers. Its software package management tool APT is also famous. The latest release version is Debian3. 1, also known as sarge.
Mandriva developer
Mandriva Linux, formerly known as Mandrakesoft, is one of the largest Linux manufacturers in Europe. Mandrake Linux has always been regarded as the most convenient, easy-to-use and gorgeous Linux distribution. Mandrake Linux's early convenient font installation tools and default Chinese support have made great contributions to the popularization of Linux. But around 2004, Mandrakesoft fell into financial crisis and was on the verge of bankruptcy. On February 24, 2005, the company reached an acquisition agreement with Conectiva, the largest Linux manufacturer in Latin America, with the amount of 6.5438+0.7 million euros, and the brand of Mandrake Linux of the new company was renamed Mandriva Linux. Mandriva uses rpm as a software management tool, which is partially compatible with the precompiled package of Red Hat Linux/Fedora Core.
SuSE developer Novell
SUSE LINUX is a German distribution, originally based on Slackware Linux, which provides a complete German user interface. In 2004, Novell acquired SUSE.
Papua penguin
Gentoo Linux provides users with a lot of application source code. Every part of Gentoo Linux can be recompiled and built on the end user's system, even the most basic system libraries and the compiler itself. Gentoo Linux provides a large number of software for users to choose from by providing software in the form of dependency description and source code image. The standard source code image includes 30G data. Choice exists not only in the whole software, but also in the software itself. Because the software can be compiled locally, the choice of parameters and variables can be specified by users themselves.
In fact, Gentoo has its own unique advantages in software installation and upgrade. Due to the appearance of Portage technology, Gentoo Linux can serve as an ideal security server, development platform, professional desktop application, game server, embedded application and so on. Because of its infinite configurability, we can even call Gentoo Linux a quasi-distribution.
Embedded operating system.
uClinux
UClinux is an excellent embedded linux version. Uclinux is an open source operating system for hardware platforms without MMU (Memory Management Unit). Compared with standard Linux, it integrates the stability of standard Linux operating system, powerful network function and excellent file system, and it is completely free.
UC/OS II developer Micrium
Preemptive real-time multi-task real-time operating system, which can manage 63 tasks, is an open source embedded operating system, and its commercial application needs the authorization of Micrium Company.
VxWorks developer WindRiver
VxWorks operating system is an embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) designed and developed by American WindRiver Company in 1983, and it is a key component of embedded development environment. Good sustainable development ability, high performance kernel and friendly user development environment occupy a place in the field of embedded real-time operating system. Because of its good reliability and excellent real-time, it is widely used in high-tech and real-time fields such as communication, military, aviation and aerospace, such as satellite communication, military exercises, ballistic guidance, aircraft navigation and so on. VxWorks has been used on American F-/KOOC-0/6, FA-/KOOC-0/8 fighter planes, B-2 stealth bombers and Patriot missiles, and even on the Mars probe/KOOC-0/997 that landed on the surface of Mars in July.
VxWorks has good real-time performance, and the overhead of the system itself is very small. System public programs such as process scheduling, inter-process communication and interrupt handling are concise and effective, resulting in short delay.
PalmOS developer PalmSource company
American Robotics Company (later acquired by 3Com and renamed Palm Company independently) developed an early operating system specifically for its product "Palm". Mainly used for PDA manufacturers.
WindowsCE developer Microsoft
It is an embedded operating system developed by Microsoft for computer products other than personal computers, and CE is the abbreviation of Customer Embedded.
in addition
First, the birth of the operating system-Pangu created the world.
The original operating system appeared on IBM/704 mainframe, while the operating system of microcomputer was born in 1970s-CP/M.
CP/M is an operating system developed for 8-bit computers by Digital Satellite Research Company led by gary kildall. It can manage files and has a disk drive device, which can control the input and output of the disk, the display and printout of the display. It was the standard of operating system at that time.
Second, the ancient overlord of the operating system-DOS
It seems that only old birds have been exposed to DOS now, and computer novices only have a little knowledge of DOS. It used to occupy most areas of personal computer operating system, and it can be seen on most computers in the world. Because DOS system does not need a very powerful hardware system to support it, it can be used from enterprise users to home users. Although it is not an excellent operating system at present, the backward compatibility of Microsoft software determines that when Windows has problems, it often needs to be solved under DOS, so it is necessary to understand and learn DOS. Third, the contemporary operating system tycoon-Windows
Since1.0 was introduced by Microsoft in 1985, the Windows system has experienced more than ten years of ups and downs. From Windows 3.x, which originally ran under DOS, to Windows 9x and Windows 2000, which are now popular all over the world, Windows has almost replaced the position that DOS once occupied and become a new operating system tycoon. Its popularity does not need to be small.
Fourth, the seductive little penguin-Linux
Linux is a very popular operating system at present. It was first compiled by Linus B. Torvolds, a college student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, in 199 1 year. The iconic icon is a cute little penguin, because its source code is free and open, and it has a great market in many advanced applications. This is also regarded by the industry as the hope of breaking the monopoly of Microsoft Windows.
V. Magic Spirit -FreeBSD
FreeBSD is a Unix-like system running on x86 platform. It is marked by a fairy, developed by BSD Unix system and written by Berkeley, California. The first edition was officially launched 1993. BSD Unix and Unix System V are the two main streams of Unix operating system, and the future Unix system is the derivative of these two systems. This operating system is mainly used on network servers and is not suitable for individual users.
Six, a versatile artist-BeOS
If Windows is the world of modern office software and Unix is the world of network, then BeOS is a paradise for multimedia experts. BeOS is famous for its excellent multimedia functions, and it is handy in multimedia production, editing and playing, thus attracting many multimedia lovers to join the BeOS camp. Because the design of BeOS is very suitable for multimedia development, many manufacturers use BeOS as their operating platform.