1. What is a collective? (meaning, characteristics)
Members of the same collective have the same goal, support each other in action, depend on each other psychologically, share weal and woe with * *, and form an inseparable whole.
2. What is their relationship?
(1) The collective is the place where individuals live and the garden where individuals grow. Individuals can't live, study and work without the collective.
Individuals are the cells that constitute the collective, and the development of the collective cannot be separated from the efforts of each member.
③ Individuals and collectives are inseparable.
3. Why is unity strength?
(1) Any collective, only with a high degree of unity in thought, consistent goals in action and sound emotions, can think in one place and make efforts in one place, thus forming a strong joint force and achieving the expected goals.
Relying on this strength, we can accomplish tasks that individuals cannot accomplish and overcome difficulties that individuals cannot overcome.
Historical development and life experience tell us that unity is strength regardless of the size of the collective. Without national unity and people's great unity, there will be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. If we live in a collective, we should truly become a collective unity and consciously safeguard it.
4. Why should we focus on collective interests? (the relationship between the two)
(1) Collective interests and individual interests are basically the same.
(2) Paying attention to the collective interests does not exclude the legitimate interests of individuals.
③ Collective interests are the foundation and guarantee of individual interests, and collective interests are higher than individual interests.
5. How to add luster to the collective?
The main performance of adding luster to the collective is to consciously safeguard the honor and interests of the collective.
(2) Safeguarding collective honor and interests should also be reflected in their own practical actions.
(3) When the collective honor and interests are damaged, dare to actively safeguard the collective honor and interests.
(4) Safeguarding national honor and interests is the highest expression of safeguarding collective honor and interests.
Review and summary under the politics of the second day of junior high school
1 It is in line with the principle of coordinated development of economic construction and environmental protection to have both Jinshan and Yinshan and clear water and green mountains.
The core of the principle of putting prevention first and combining prevention with control is prevention, focusing on the root causes of environmental problems.
The basic condition for implementing sustainable development is that development should be coordinated with the carrying capacity of population, resources and environment.
The serious harm of environmental problems is threatening the ecological balance, endangering human health and directly restricting the sustainable development of China's economy and society.
The basic law in the field of environmental protection in China is the Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). In view of the increasingly serious environmental problems, countries all over the world generally implement the strategy of sustainable development.
The basic law in the field of environmental protection in China is People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law, which is the basis for formulating specific environmental protection laws and regulations.
Environmental protection is the right and obligation of our citizens.
Environmental problems not only pollute the environment, but also destroy it.
Facing the national conditions of population, resources and environment, socialist modernization must follow the strategy of sustainable development.
We should not be too intoxicated with our victory over nature. Every time such a victory, nature will retaliate against us. This passage shows that human beings have caused serious environmental problems in the process of transforming nature, thus threatening themselves.
The color pollution of 10 plastic bag snack box belongs to the environmental pollution caused by human arbitrarily discharging waste into nature.
1 1 Pollution before treatment denies the principle of coordinated development of economic construction and environmental protection.
12 the reason why the environmental form is quite severe is the unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources by human beings.
13 The real understanding of sustainable development is that A seeks ways to meet the development of our contemporary people without exceeding the carrying capacity of resources and environment and endangering the needs of future generations. B emphasizes population. Coordinated development of resource economy and environment.
Second, analysis and explanation questions
1 analysis problem
Protecting the environment is a matter for adults, not for us middle school students.
This view is wrong.
A prevention and control of environmental pollution and destruction is not only the responsibility of national government departments and professional environmental protection personnel, but also the obligation of every citizen. Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. Middle school students should not only be qualified builders of the future motherland, but also qualified protectors of the present and future environment. C teenagers should raise their awareness of environmental protection, strengthen their legal concept and implement environmental protection actions.
A paper mill used to be a big loss-making enterprise with serious environmental pollution. After the deadline for treatment, the factory adopted new technology to treat wastewater, which not only treated pollution, but also collected 500 tons of floating pulp every year, creating a value of more than 500 thousand yuan, realizing the unity of economic and environmental benefits.
What principles of environmental protection does the factory follow?
What does this example show?
A TV reporter went to an enterprise with serious pollution in the city for an interview. The following is a conversation between the reporter and the manager of the enterprise.
Reporter: Please briefly talk about your views on the relationship between economic construction and environment.
Manager: Economic development will inevitably bring environmental problems.
Reporter: What do you think should be done about the increasingly serious environmental problems of the cotton team?
Managers must first develop the economy to control pollution.
In real life, some people think that environmental pollution is just a mistake and can only criticize education.
See what you learn and use.
5 material one; ; Since the spring of 200 1, there have been many sandstorms in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei and other places.
Material 2 In the past 30 years, the forest coverage in the Yangtze River basin in China has been reduced by half, and the area of soil erosion has doubled.
Answer the following questions according to the textbook.
1) What does the above material explain?
2) What is the reason for this phenomenon?
3) How to solve this problem?
Lesson 6 Review of Basic Knowledge and Ability Application
1 Teenagers' physical and mental health needs special protection by law.
In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors and ensure their healthy growth, China has promulgated the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.
The protection of minors should follow the principle of combining education with protection.
The protection of minors is based on family protection.
In order to prevent the legitimate rights and interests of teenagers from being infringed, China adopts various means to effectively protect them, one of which is legislation.
Six forced her first-grade 14-year-old daughter to drop out of school to do business, which violated her right to education. This is an administrative violation.
The healthy growth of teenagers can not be separated from the law, because teenagers are immature and lack the ability to protect themselves. B Teenagers are easily influenced by the outside world, and their health is related to the survival of the country and the rise and fall of the nation.
The first principle to be followed in protecting minors is to protect their legitimate rights and interests.
In terms of school protection, school staff should respect the personal dignity of minors, fully implement the national education policy, cultivate all kinds of talents for the society, and ensure the physical and mental health and personal safety of underage students.
The purpose of formulating the law on the protection of minors is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors.
10 The educational institutions that undertake school insurance are related schools, kindergartens and other educational institutions.
1 1 The purpose of social protection for minors is to create a social environment conducive to the healthy growth of minors.
12 Free visits to museums belong to social protection.
13 when handling divorce inheritance cases, the people's courts should protect minors' inheritance rights and alimony according to law, which belongs to the judicial protection stipulated in the Law on the Protection of Minors.
14 implements the policy of education, probation and salvation for minors who commit crimes.
15 recruiting child labor is a violation of social protection in the protection of minors.
16 China's Law on the Protection of Minors protects 18 citizens of China.
17 the son of worker Li Rang dropped out of school to work, which violated the content of family protection and violated the right of minors to receive compulsory education.
18
parsing problem
1 The healthy growth of teenagers needs special protection by law. With these protections, they will grow up healthily.
Teenagers are the future of the motherland and the hope of the nation. The healthy growth of teenagers needs special legal protection. Therefore, China has formulated a special law to protect minors-the Law on the Protection of Minors.
While strengthening family, school and social protection, minors should enhance their awareness and ability of self-protection in order to grow up healthily.
C minors should be self-disciplined according to law, treat the education of parents and schools correctly, and use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
Some students think that the state has specially formulated the law on the protection of minors, which requires the whole society to work together to protect the healthy growth of minors. This is the responsibility of society and has nothing to do with us minors.
This statement is wrong. The state has formulated special laws to protect minors and provided them with legal protection. Protection and help from all aspects of society only provide the necessary conditions for the healthy growth of minors, and such protection and help can only achieve good results through the cooperation of minors themselves. Minors, especially junior middle school students, should strengthen their self-protection awareness, improve their self-protection ability and safeguard their rights and interests according to law.
It is natural for parents to beat their children, and children should not resist.
This view is wrong. Parents who beat their children failed to fulfill their obligations of support and guardianship, which violated the provisions of family protection in the Law on the Protection of Minors.
As parents or guardians, we should educate minors with correct moral behaviors and appropriate methods, and prohibit rude behaviors such as beating and cursing.
As children, we should give advice to parents' minor behaviors, and use legal weapons to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests in serious cases.
Analysis and interpretation
1 If the shopkeeper sells cigarettes to you, is his behavior correct? How do you use what you have learned to strengthen self-protection?
The shopkeeper's behavior is incorrect. Because the shopkeeper sells cigarettes to minors, it violates the law on the protection of minors and is illegal.
As a middle school student, we should seriously study legal knowledge, make clear which behaviors are protected by law and which behaviors are prohibited by law, consciously understand the bad tendencies such as smoking and drinking, make our behaviors not violate the requirements of the law, and accept the education of parents and teachers with an open mind.
2. A parent said that studying is useless, earning my money, and leading the children in junior high school to drop out of school to work. What laws did parents violate? What should you do in this situation?
Summary of 7 lessons of final review
1 What is illegal?
Types of illegal acts unconstitutional acts
Criminal offence (criminal act)-serious crime.
Civil torts (such as not paying debts, not paying lost money and things found by others, damaging reputation)
Administrative violation:
General violations include () and ().
2 Why should a general illegal act bear legal responsibility?
P95 I. What is a general illegal act?
Second, the penultimate paragraph of P95.
Administrative violations in general violations are subject to administrative sanctions, including administrative penalties and administrative sanctions.
Civil tort should bear civil liability.
The three basic characteristics of crime are that crime is an act with serious harm, a crime is an act in violation of criminal law, and a crime is an act that should be punished by punishment. Serious harmfulness is the most essential feature of crime, and criminal illegality is the legal symbol of crime.
Hunting four hundred swans protected by the state in nature reserves is a (serious illegal act), which is a criminal act and should be punished accordingly.
China's laws crack down on crimes endangering national security. Crimes that endanger national security are the most serious in nature and do the greatest harm to the country and people. The punishment is severe.
China laws crack down on crimes of robbery, theft and infringement of property according to law; Crack down on gambling crimes and drug crimes according to law.
Why should we crack down on crimes that endanger national security?
P 102 penultimate paragraph
Why should we crack down on crimes against property such as robbery and theft according to law?
P 103 penultimate paragraph
We judge whether an act is a crime or not, mainly to see whether its behavior has serious social harm.
Penalty, also known as criminal punishment and criminal punishment, is a compulsory method for the people's court to punish criminals.
Punishment is divided into principal punishment and supplementary punishment.
There are five main punishments: public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty. There are three additional punishments, deprivation of political rights, fines and confiscation of property.
The main punishment is characterized by = = = = p100, the second paragraph.
The characteristic of supplementary punishment is that it can be used as the supplementary punishment of the main punishment, which can be applied at the same time or separately.
10 What is the difference and connection between general illegality and crime?
Difference: A The degree of harm to society is different between general illegality and crime. Generally speaking, illegal activities do little harm to society, while crimes do serious harm to society. B different punishment methods: general illegal acts are subject to administrative sanctions and bear corresponding civil liabilities. And crime is an act to be punished.
Contact information; A is harmful to society, B is illegal, and there is no insurmountable gap between C. People who have ordinary illegal acts will lead to crime if they don't correct them.
What is the main task of China's criminal law?
Exercise: 1 Not returning the lost property is a civil illegal act among general illegal acts.
2. Serious violations of the law are violations of the criminal law.
Violation of urban management laws and regulations is an administrative illegal act in general illegal acts.
The most severe method of coercion is punishment.
The basic basis for determining crime and non-crime is the social harm of behavior.
The most severe punishment in our country is the death penalty.
The legal symbol of crime is criminal illegality.
The organ that executes the punishment is the people's court.
The most serious crime that endangers the country and people is the crime of endangering national security.
10 Beating others violates the regulations on administrative penalties for public security, which is an administrative illegal act in general illegal acts.
1 1 General illegal acts are characterized by relatively minor acts and little social harm, and do not violate the criminal law.
12 determining whether an act is a crime must be based on the criminal law.
The task of criminal law in China is to punish crimes and protect people.
14 the serious harm of crime and the inevitable legal consequence of criminal violation are that the punishment should be punished.
15 the people's court is the organ that executes civil sanctions.
Lesson 8 Basic knowledge
1 Constitution is the fundamental law of the country, which occupies a primary position in China's legal system.
The constitution stipulates that the fundamental system of our country is the socialist system.
The fundamental task of the country is to concentrate on socialist modernization along the socialist road with China characteristics.
Compared with ordinary laws, the Constitution has the highest legal effect.
The constitution consists of a preface and a general program. The basic rights and obligations of citizens are composed of four chapters: state institutions, national flags and the national emblem of the capital.
The constitution recognizes that civil rights are the basic rights of citizens.
China has formed a rights protection system with the Constitution as the core, including legislative protection and judicial protection (trial system, lawyer system and legal aid system).
From the content point of view, the constitution stipulates the most fundamental issues in national life.
Constitution is the law of law, that is, the relationship between constitution and common law is the relationship between mother law and child law, and the constitution has the highest legal effect.
10 the highest code of conduct for state organs to exercise state power in China is the constitution.
1 1 The highest administrative organ in China is the State Council, which exercises administrative power.
12 The highest legislature in China is the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee.
13 the core of governing the country according to law is to govern the country according to the constitution.
14 China stipulates that citizens enjoy equal rights, political rights and freedoms, and personal freedom shows that the Constitution is the guarantee of people's rights.
15
Mao Zedong said that a group must have a constitution and a country must also have a constitution, which is the fundamental law of the country.
Tell me your understanding of this passage.
As the general constitution and the fundamental law of the country, Constitution plays an important role in our legal system. A From the content point of view, the Constitution stipulates the fundamental issues in national life, while ordinary laws only stipulate some issues in national life. B From the point of view of legal effect, the Constitution has the highest legal effect, and ordinary laws must be formulated on the basis of the Constitution, and they cannot contradict the Constitution, otherwise they will be invalid.
C judging from the procedure of formulation and amendment, the procedure of constitution formulation and amendment is stricter than that of ordinary laws. In short, the constitution is the fundamental law of the country.
Constitution is the fundamental law of the country. As citizens, we should use the Constitution to regulate our behavior. In what way does the Constitution regulate citizens' behavior?
How do you do it in your daily life?
Applying what you have learned is some behaviors that the Constitution advocates or affirms citizens. Second, the constitution prohibits or denies certain acts of citizens;
Third, the Constitution requires citizens to do certain behaviors. Combine with reality
A group must have a constitution, and a country must also have a constitution. The constitution is the general constitution and the fundamental law of the country.
A: This view is correct.
This is because the constitution, as the general constitution of the country, occupies the primary position in our legal system.
In terms of content, it stipulates the fundamental problems in national life, while ordinary laws only stipulate one aspect of national life.
The constitution has the highest legal effect and has two meanings. First, ordinary laws are formulated according to the Constitution, which is the embodiment of the Constitution. Second, ordinary laws cannot contravene the Constitution, otherwise they will be revoked and declared invalid.
Because the Constitution stipulates the fundamental issues in national life and has the highest legal effect, the procedures for formulating and amending the Constitution are stricter than ordinary laws, with the aim of ensuring the authority and stability of the Constitution, making the society develop healthily and the country maintain long-term stability.
In short, because the constitution stipulates the fundamental issues in national life, it has the highest legal effect, and its formulation and revision procedures are stricter than general laws, so it is said that the constitution is the fundamental law of the country and the general constitution of the country.
Some people say that the Constitution is the parent law, and ordinary laws are sub-laws. The Supreme Constitution and numerous sub-laws constitute the pyramid of laws, and the laws at the next level are more effective than those at the next level.
Point: This view is correct. Because: the constitution has the highest legal effect and has two meanings. First, ordinary laws are formulated according to the Constitution, which is the embodiment of the Constitution. Second, ordinary laws cannot contravene the Constitution, otherwise they will be revoked and declared invalid.
5 true or false questions:
Constitution is the guarantee of people's rights.
A: This view is correct.
Because our country's constitution attaches great importance to civil rights, and has set up a special chapter to stipulate more than 20 freedoms and rights of citizens. These are the basic rights of citizens and are protected by the basic law of the country. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, the people of the whole country have established a set of rights protection system with the Constitution as the core, which mainly includes two aspects. The first is legislative protection. In the past 20 years, the National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee have enacted more than 100 laws to ensure the realization of citizens' rights and freedoms in all aspects. The second is judicial guarantee. China's constitution entrusts judicial power to people's courts at all levels, and the people's courts set up civil courts, criminal courts, economic courts and administrative courts. Citizens who believe that their legitimate rights and interests endowed by the Constitution and laws have been violated have the right to bring a lawsuit to the corresponding court of the people's court, and the people's court will try it fairly according to law and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. At the same time, the establishment and perfection of the lawyer system and legal aid system in China have had a far-reaching impact on the protection of civil rights.