1. Department? Law School
The Japanese Department is similar to a college or department in a Chinese university and is mainly engaged in undergraduate teaching. Japan currently has more than 65,438,000 law departments (departments) or legal disciplines, and approximately 45,000 LL.B. graduates every year. Overall, Japan's undergraduate law education is very similar to China's undergraduate education, and the academic system is also four years. Different professional directions also have their own professional basic courses and professional courses.
Take the Waseda University Faculty of Law as an example. Students' graduation credits should reach 65,438,024 credits, including 60 credits in law subjects, 26 credits in general education subjects, 20 credits in foreign language subjects, 65,438,04 credits in general education subjects, and 4 credits in entrance education subjects. This course structure helps expand the scope and possibilities of students' choices, taking into account the learning requirements of the law major and the needs of students' self-improvement. At the same time, through exchange programs between Waseda University and relevant overseas partner universities, students are more likely to study abroad and expand their academic horizons and abilities. Because legal education must have an international perspective and personality, Waseda University offers students the possibility of learning a third foreign language. The foreign languages ??students can choose from are: English, German, French, Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Korean. In terms of teaching methods, we also focus on the use of small-scale topic discussions, thesis tutoring, seminars and other teaching forms to discover and solve problems existing in students' learning and enrich teaching content.
As far as courses in legal subjects are concerned, the 60 credits are divided into three categories:
The required legal courses (24 credits) include: Constitutional Law I? II (4 credits), Civil Law I? II (8 credits), Criminal Law I (4 credits), Commercial Law I (4 credits), Civil Procedure Law I, Criminal Procedure Law 4 credits;
Basic legal subjects (4 credits) include: Basic Legal Theory , Introduction to Foreign Law and Legal History;
Legal elective subjects (32 credits) include: international subjects, administrative (public policy) subjects, criminal subjects, civil subjects, commercial subjects, social subjects, legal practice subjects, etc. .
Revolving around the above-mentioned law major curriculum system, the Faculty of Law of Waseda University has set up the following professional directions. Students can choose their own directions and professional courses according to their interests and expectations for the future:
Main majors Courses
Civil Justice
Basic courses: Civil Law 1 (General? Property Law), Civil Law 2 (General Theory of Obligations? Contract Law), Civil Law 2 (Contract Theory, Unjust Enrichment, Illegal Acts) , Civil Law IV (Guarantee Law), Civil Procedure Law, etc.
Development courses: family law, real estate registration law, commercial law, bill law, civil execution preservation law, bankruptcy law, environmental law, trust law, consumer law, land law, international civil procedure law, financial theory, etc. .
Criminal Justice
Criminal law, economic criminal law, criminal procedure law, criminal policy, criminology, etc.
International Law
International law, international relations theory, private international law, international trade law, international economic law, international agency law, international labor law, EU law, regional studies.
National Policy
Administrative law, administrative science, legal policy theory, Constitution I (General Introduction), Constitution II (Human Rights), Comparative Constitutional Law, Jurisprudence, Administrative Procedure Law, Local Autonomy Law, Economic and Administrative Law, Environmental Law, Social Security Law, Information Law, Education Law, Antitrust Law, General Introduction to Rent Tax Law, and International Tax Law.
Enterprise? Finance
Basic courses: commercial law (general? commercial conduct law), company law, bill law, insurance law, maritime law, financial product transaction law, antitrust law, intellectual property law, etc.
Extended courses: Economic and administrative law, tax law, international tax law, bankruptcy law, trust law, civil execution preservation law, bankruptcy law, trust law, consumer law, economic criminal law, international trade law, international economic law, Labor law, labor protection law, employment difference law, international labor law, etc.
Citizen? Social Law
Legal philosophy, history of legal thought, sociology of law, history of Roman law, comparative law, labor law, social security law, environmental law, consumer law, agricultural law, land law, comparative constitutional law, Foreign cultural studies, etc.
In short, no matter which direction students develop in the future, they must proceed from actual needs, fully consider the various professional abilities and qualities they require, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and cultivate them carefully.
2.Graduate school? Research Institute
Japanese universities, that is, graduate schools or graduate departments of Chinese universities, mainly cultivate professionals engaged in legal research and teaching, including monk (master) and doctoral levels; but is it generally used? Master's and PhD? method, so it is also called postdoctoral and postdoctoral; after passing the preparatory courses and thesis defense, you can obtain a master's degree; if you continue to study, you can get a doctorate. But generally speaking, it is difficult to obtain a doctorate in law in Japan. This has a lot to do with Japan's legal education tradition and the high requirements for doctoral examination defense.
In the training process in colleges and universities, the tutoring system is mainly used. Students develop and establish their own scientific research skills and levels through special lectures, classroom [seminars], term papers, assisting teachers in scientific research and other activities. Postgraduate teaching content and teaching methods are relatively free, and both tutors and students have a lot of room for choice; for example, students will choose their own research directions and goals, and even become the protagonists of classroom teaching activities, while teachers will ask questions and give necessary hints. Encourage and assist students to complete research on corresponding issues; teachers’ teaching mainly adopts heuristic teaching methods, which is not limited to obtaining so-called standard answers. It is more about helping students establish standardized and rigorous academic thinking and expression methods, and training students’ independent thinking. Scientific research capabilities.
The curriculum and directions of law graduate schools of various universities also have their own characteristics and differences. In addition to professional subjects, there are many public subjects. In addition to the subjects of this major, students can also choose public subjects or elective courses in our college. Under the premise of this flexible full-course teaching plan, students can conduct original research across disciplines. In addition, the school has also received strong assistance and cooperation from lawyers and corporate legal advisors, and many experts working on the front line have taken to the stage to explain practical courses with practical charm.
The Legal Research Department of the Graduate School of Central University mainly includes four law-related majors: public law, civil law, criminal law, and international corporate relations law, and five political science majors. There are master's and doctoral programs in each major. Upon graduation from the master's and doctoral programs, graduates of public law, civil law, criminal law and international corporate relations law can obtain a master's degree in law and a doctorate respectively. Political science graduates can earn a master's degree in political science and a doctorate in political science respectively.
3. Faculty of Law and Science
After the war, with the establishment of the judicial examination system and the formation of the legal elite, Japan’s higher legal education gradually evolved into mass education, and higher legal education Education is becoming increasingly disconnected from the legal profession. To this end, Japan has established a legal and scientific academy system based on the American law school model. According to the Japan Academic Conference on July 21, 2005, the Institute of Law, Science and Technology, and Creative Legal Education? According to the "Researching the Future" report, as of April 2005, there were 74 law and science schools in Japan with a total of 5,825 students.
The School of Law establishes specialized training based on the legal research departments of various higher-level universities? Law grass? Among higher legal education institutions oriented to practical talents, the school system of law, science and technology colleges is generally 3 years, with the exception of 2 years; it belongs to the postgraduate education stage. The School of Legal Science and Technology focuses on cultivating applied and practical legal talents, so its curriculum also reflects the characteristics of application:
First, the teaching method mainly uses minority education, that is, the number of participants in each subject is not appropriate Too many, and the scale should not exceed 50 people;
Second, there are various teaching methods, such as handouts, exercises, surveys, reports, individual tutoring, etc.;
Third, set up theme clustering. The three subject groups A, B, and C are the core curriculum groups, and the courses of D, E, F, and G are also taken into consideration.
Among them, the courses in subject group A are the minimum legal knowledge that all law and science students should master; the subject division of subject group C is more detailed, with cases and case analysis as the center, and courses are offered from a practical perspective; for example, Courses on civil law (civil law, commercial law, and civil procedure law are taught as one subject) and criminal law (including criminal law and criminal procedure law) integrate theory and practice.
Each law and science school offers core courses A, B, C and subject group g. Each school can set up subject groups D, E, and F according to its own characteristics. In principle, applicants to the School of Law and Science require a bachelor's degree, and non-law and law majors can apply. In order to ensure the fairness of the examination, in principle, a unified entrance examination system is adopted for law and non-law graduates.
For graduates of the Faculty of Law and Sciences, will graduates of the Faculty of Law and Sciences be awarded special positions? Doctor of Laws? degree and can obtain new judicial examination qualifications. It should be noted that currently, foreign students cannot directly apply for graduate students at Japan Law University, but they can apply for graduate students in the Department of Law.