For criminal cases, the second instance can be heard in writing or in court. However, the following two types of cases must be heard in court: 1. Complaints with unclear facts after marking and investigation; 2. Cases protested by people's procuratorates.
In civil litigation, hearing without a court session is also called hearing, which means that the collegial panel can hold a court session after reading papers, investigating and asking the parties that the facts of the case are clear and the applicable law is correct.
In the procedure of second instance of civil litigation, written trial is not applicable.
The difference between trial judgment and written trial: a trial judgment is a judgment made without a court session after asking the parties and investigating the evidence.
The law does not force a written hearing to hear the opinions of lawyers.