After the Westernization Movement began, he entered the shogunate of Li Hongzhang in 1882 as a legal adviser and participated in the Sino-French negotiations and the Shimonoseki negotiations. 1896, was appointed as the envoy of the Qing dynasty to the United States, Spain and Peru, and signed the first equal treaty in modern China, the China-Mexico Trade Treaty.
After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, he served as Foreign Minister of the Army of the Republic of China, presided over the North-South peace talks, and forced the Qing Dynasty to abdicate. After the establishment of Nanjing Temporary Court, he became the Chief Justice. 19 17 went to Guangzhou to participate in the national protection movement, and successively served as Guangdong's foreign minister, finance minister and governor. 1922, when Chen Jiongming defected, he fell ill with fright and anger and died in Guangzhou.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Wu alias: real name Xu, word Wenjue, rank Yong nationality: Qing nationality: Han nationality birthplace: Singapore date of birth: 1842 date of death: 1922 occupation: diplomat, jurist graduate school: London College main achievement: the first doctor of law in modern China.
The first China Member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council.
The life, schooling stage, lawyer, political stage, death due to illness, work creation, family members, character evaluation, film and television image of the characters who signed the Sino-Mexican Trade Treaty were born in Singapore on July 30, 842, and then returned to Guangzhou with their father. 13 years old, kidnapped. After he escaped, he went to St. Paul's College in Hong Kong to study alone. After six years of western education, he graduated with honors five years later. While studying, he and Qi founded the first Chinese newspaper in China, Chinese and Foreign Newspaper, and helped Chen Aiting to establish the Hong Kong Chinese Newspaper. Wu (1862) used to be an interpreter in the High Court of Hong Kong. /kloc-married pastor He Jinshan's eldest daughter and He Qi's sister in 0/864. 1870 transferred from the high court to the chief translator of the inspection team. From 65438 to 0874, he studied in Britain at his own expense, entered University College London to study law, and was qualified as a barrister after the expiration. Lawyer 1877 returned to Hong Kong in February, and was the first China lawyer who was allowed to practice in the British colony. At the same time, he was elected as a member of the examination Committee by the Hong Kong government. After the Westernization Movement began, Li Hongzhang deeply felt the lack of foreign negotiators. On June 6th, 1877, 10, Li Zhaotang of Tianjin Customs Road introduced Wu to Li Hongzhang. After a futile inquiry, Li Hongzhang found that Wu was a talented person who had been looking for many years but failed to get his wish, and immediately decided to extend it to the shogunate, so that "in case of difficult cases, he could argue with foreigners." Anyone who refused to abide by China's laws and regulations violated western laws, which is called "stalemate." Governor hennessey spoke highly of his service spirit. Wu officially appointed him as a Justice of the Peace (later translated as a Justice of the Peace) on February 1878 16, which created a precedent for China people to serve as Justices of the Peace. 1879, the Ministry of Justice returned to England on business, and the Governor appointed him as his agent. 1880, the magistrate returned to England for a holiday, and Wu was appointed. On February 19 of the same year, upon the recommendation of Hong Kong Governor Hennessy and China leaders, Wu became the first Chinese legislator since the opening of Hong Kong. Since then, he actively supported Hennessy's enlightened policy, opposed discrimination against Chinese, abolished public flogging and curbed the trafficking of girls. It has also made great contributions to Hong Kong's commercial development, urban construction and social welfare. 1880 signed a letter with Liang An, a wealthy businessman, requesting the establishment of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce. 188 1 year, Wu proposed to create a tram project and suggested his brother-in-law He Qi to carry out the reclamation project in Kowloon Bay. He also made many donations to support education in Hong Kong. 1882, officially entered the Li Hongzhang shogunate, and later presided over the trial of the "Sakazaki case" caused by the berthing of the Beiyang Navy warship in Japan. On the political stage of 1894, during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894/894, according to Japanese diplomatic records, Wu repeatedly called himself a friend of the Japanese when he contacted Japanese diplomats, so he cherished this friendship very much. Since we are friends, we should be honest with each other. Therefore, in his conversation with the Japanese, Wu revealed many important secrets of the powerful people in the Qing court almost without reservation. However, when Japanese diplomats deal with Wu, their attitude is completely different from Wu's. They will never forget their duties as diplomats. On the surface, they also call Wu a friend. However, they don't seem to regard Wu as a true friend, but as a source of important information. Because of this, whenever Wu's talk ends, these ministers and consuls will report the contents of the talk to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in detail for the upper level to refer to when formulating China policy. The number of times, the importance of the content and the number simply surprised Japanese diplomats. After Wu's treaty of shimonoseki was signed, its content was very harsh. Therefore, from the imperial court to people of insight, they all hated it. Kang Youwei once mobilized 1000 participants to write letters on the bus, calling on them to break the contract and fight again for strength. Taiwan Province province juren wept bitterly, thinking that "it is better to be born a traitor than to die a righteous man", begging the Qing court never to give up Taiwan Province province. However, Wu and others, the representative of the Qing court who directly participated in the signing of treaty of shimonoseki, had completely different feelings. They feel that the negotiation is hard-won, and they should fulfill the provisions of the treaty. Even think that the hawks' attempt to cancel the contract is unreasonable and much ado about nothing. They didn't hate the Japanese invaders, but increased their goodwill through negotiations, trying to rely on Japan's strength to bargain with the Qing Dynasty headed by Emperor Guangxu. Of course, we can't cover up our virtues with one success, only to see the trees don't see the forest and replace everything with one-sidedness. The records of Wu in Japanese diplomatic archives should not and cannot conceal his glorious side in the Revolution of 1911. Therefore, Wu's historical achievements in the Revolution of 1911 cannot be completely denied because of the discovery of historical materials in the archives of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1896 was appointed by the Qing dynasty as an envoy to the United States, Spain and Peru. Wu's head is 1897. On February 25th, he returned to Hong Kong to visit relatives in the province. He was warmly welcomed by Governor Robinson, the commander of the navy stationed in Hong Kong, all members of the Legislative Council and the gentry. 1899, was ordered to sign the China-Mexico Trade Treaty with Mexico. 1902, * * * returned to China and was awarded the title of alternate Jingtang. He has served as Minister of Law Revision, Minister of Commerce of Shanghai Affairs Office, Right Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Right Assistant Minister of Criminal Department. Presided over the revision of laws with Shen Jiaben. In the process of revision, he strongly advocated the comprehensive introduction of the legal system of western countries. His idea was supported by Shen Jiaben, who is good at China's traditional law. After the Revolution of 1911, Wu continued to make efforts to amend the laws of China, and obtained the support of Sun Yat-sen. After the establishment of Nanjing Temporary Court, Wu was appointed as the Chief Justice. On the one hand, Wu advocates imitating the West and establishing a comprehensive new legal system, including the lawyer system. On the other hand, he took the lead in promoting the implementation of the lawyer's defense system in specific trial activities by using his status as a judge. 1906, Mrs. Wu He Miaoling donated huge sums of money to build He Miaoling Hospital. Wu has lived in Hong Kong for more than 20 years. Wu 1908 San Francisco 1907, once again served as ambassador to the United States, Mexico, Peru and Cuba, and returned to China two years later. After the Revolution of 1911 broke out (19 1 1), Wu announced in Shanghai that he was in favor of * * * and wrote to the Qing court to persuade the Qing emperor to abdicate. After the recovery of Shanghai, Chen, Zhang Jian and other organizations, as temporary diplomatic representatives, were promoted by the recovered provinces to negotiate with other countries. Later, he was appointed as the plenipotentiary of the Southern People's Army, and held talks with Tang, the northern representative sent by Yuan Shikai, and reached a compromise that Yuan Shikai forced him to retreat and agreed to * * *, that is, elected Yuan as the president. After the establishment of Nanjing Temporary Court, he became the Chief Justice. Temporarily moved to the north and retired to Shanghai. He was elected as a leader by the National Assembly and the Kuomintang Party, and was listed as a director by the National Assembly and the Party, but he did not take office. In the North-South peace talks, Sun Yat-sen was at a disadvantage and had to give in, and Wu also resigned and returned to Guandu Record to write a book, including New Law of Prolonging Life, My Humble Opinion on the Governance of the Republic of China, and America Watch. At that time, there were Japanese He Changxiong and American Goodnow who published articles to create public opinion for Yuan Shikai's coming to power. Wu is well aware of this conspiracy and made a speech: "The existing * * * in Beijing can only be regarded as a theater, and those bureaucrats, large and small, can only be regarded as actors. We can go to the theater, but if we listen to the actors, we really can't go ... ask passers-by who likes to be emperor. We must work hard to persist. Whether he is Hong Xian or Hong Xian, we only know that this year is the fifth year of the Republic of China and next year is the sixth year of the Republic of China. This title lasts for ten thousand years, ten thousand years! " Although Yuan Shikai became the "emperor", he soon died in the grave with the condemnation of the whole country. Wu took a photo with his wife and children 19 1 1 Song, Chen and others discussed the uprising in Shanghai and the establishment of the "Upper Navy DuDu House". I hesitated for a long time when considering the candidate for foreign minister. Someone suggested that Wu go, and everyone agreed, so I sent Wu's old friend. Wu seems to be hesitant, claiming that he is old and weak, and it is difficult to be re-elected. She was persuaded by Li and reluctantly agreed. After all, he is an experienced diplomat. Immediately after he took office, he sent a note to the consuls of various countries, sent more police to protect the concession, told them that all countries should strictly observe neutrality in the internal struggle in China, and sent a telegram to foreign countries to recognize the Republic of China. 19 12 years, Sun Yat-sen served as interim president and interim attorney general. He held high the banner of the rule of law and formulated and promulgated a series of laws and regulations. 19 12 At the beginning of this year, before the promulgation of the Lawyers Law and the formal establishment of the lawyer system in the Republic of China, Wu insisted on changing the traditional trial methods, including judicial independence and jury system, in order to try the case of Yao Rongze, the former magistrate of Shanyang County, and asked lawyers to appear in court to defend him. Sun Yat-sen also gave strong support to the establishment and implementation of the lawyer system. Wu (19 16) was appointed as the foreign minister of Duan's cabinet and the prime minister for the next decade, and was dismissed from Beijing because he refused to sign the dissolution order of the National Assembly. 19 17 Zhang Xun led the braid army northward, forcing President Lee to dissolve the National Assembly. Wu knows that Zhang Xun actually wants to cancel the * * * peace system. So Li asked him to dissolve parliament, and he could never agree. Jiang Chaozong, the new Premier, led soldiers to surround Wu's residence and asked him to hand over the Premier's seal. Wu refused to hand it over, and the soldiers shouted for printing until late at night. Wu can't rest. In a rage, she threw the seal from upstairs and told them to go back and look for a job. The next day, I submitted my resignation letter to Li and returned to Shanhaiguan. I didn't expect to hear from zhang xun restoration in Shanhaiguan, so I decided to break with Beiyang and go to the south to find a new way out. I followed Sun Yat-sen to Guangzhou to participate in the Dharma Movement and became the foreign chief of the Dharma Army. 192 1 Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chief Financial Officer of Guangzhou Army. During the Northern Expedition, he acted as president. Died of illness 1922 June 16, Chen Jiongming shelled the Presidential Palace, and Sun Yat-sen took refuge on the Yongfeng ship. The next day, 80-year-old Wu immediately boarded the ship to meet Sun Yat-sen and made a rebellion plan. After returning home, he was still angry. The next day, he received a phone call from Chen Jiongming, asking him to persuade Sun Yat-sen to resign. His words are also disrespectful to Wu. In a rage, he couldn't afford to lie down. His son Wu Chaoshu immediately sent him to Guangzhou Xingong Hospital and was diagnosed with pneumonia. On June 23, I finally arrived in Wu from Hexi. Sun Yat-sen on the Yongfeng ship was extremely sad. On the boat, he made a speech: "The death of Governor Wu today is no different from my death first, that is, I died on behalf of all the ministers, and I died sincerely for the personal account of Governor Wu;" But the elder died, and from then on * * * worked hard for the state, single-minded, fearless and fearless. However, the whole army can only bravely kill the thief, follow his ambition and let him rest in the grave to fulfill the responsibility of the deceased. " "On my deathbed, I sincerely give my son a fulcrum to protect the cause and end it, and show the people that there is no word for family affairs." Activities to commemorate Wu have been carried out all over the country. 1922 12 17, the memorial service was held in Shanghai. The main works of Wu's statue creation include works collection, limited view on the governance of the Republic of China, investigation in the United States, official letters from Mr. Wu, etc. The father of family members: Wu, who used to do business in Nanyang, and his wife: China Hakka women and Christians often go to church. Wu (1908) was born in Chicago: Wu Chaoshu was also a diplomat during the Republic of China and once served as the China people's ambassador to the United States. Female: Wu Yuemei, her husband is from Arthur Tien Chin and Arthur Tien Chin is an overseas Chinese in the United States. She was one of the first American ace air combat heroes in World War II. In the great changes that China has never seen in thousands of years, Wu has always been quite calm in the historical period of the alternation of old and new politics. From the late Qing dynasty to the foreign minister of the Republic of China, he has always shown a tolerant attitude and calm personality. No matter as a politician, diplomat or intellectual, Wu is unique in history, walking with history and advancing with the times. Zhang, the tomb of Wu in Guangzhou, also made a long-term study of Wu Jin, pointing out that Wu's "pioneering spirit, upright personality and lofty demeanor can be seen whether he is studying, serving Hong Kong or engaging in politics in the north". He believes that "Dr. Wu is an outstanding figure in the diplomatic history and political arena in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and also a great failure hero. This is what people who read the modern history of China admire and deeply regret! " Over the years, Mr. Zhang has collected a large number of Chinese and foreign materials about Wu, and wrote a book "Wu and the Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty", which was widely quoted and deeply analyzed, and achieved great success. Of course, besides dr. zhang, many Chinese and foreign historians have also studied Wu Jin from different aspects. Therefore, it is not too much to call Wu a "household name". However, previous studies have neglected an unimportant issue in the eyes of ordinary people, that is, the relationship between Wu and Wu. This is really an unnecessary negligence. When Sun Yat-sen got the bad news, he was very sad. He said to the left and right, "Chen's rebellion is a disaster for the country and the people, but the governor is too worried and overworked to bear it. We, the deceased, should Qi Xin work together to quell the rebellion, so as to comfort Commander-in-Chief Wu and complete the great revolutionary cause. " Sun Yat-sen even said: "The death of General Wu today is tantamount to the death of my predecessors, that is, the death of princes ... Our army can only bravely kill the enemy and continue its legacy, so that it will die in the underworld." Wu's sitting posture Hu Shi once commented on Wu's diplomatic style: "When he was a diplomat overseas, he overwhelmed the arrogance of westerners and aroused their curiosity by his eccentric behavior and remarks, which actually made the representative of a weak country respected by many outsiders." Zhang Taiyan () and Wan Zeng wrote in the elegiac couplet: One night, the beard was white, and the public was saved; Pieces of ashes, no need to spend money in Ximen Qing. Xu Shiying (then chief of the internal affairs * * *(Beijing national * * *) once wrote in the elegiac couplet: I am famous for my public affairs, internal affairs and diplomacy, and my romantic life is widely circulated; At this meeting, Chinese and foreign countries will gather together to reminisce about the past. The sound of the lake will sob, and the river in Shanghai will be cold. Video 20 1 1 Han Sanping and Huang Jianxin directed the film "The Beginning of the Great Renaissance: Playing Wu et al. The beginning of the great rejuvenation Wu 20 1 1 directed the film Xinhai Revolution: Playing Wu.