1957, Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning discovered the destruction of parity principle and were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Ding Zhaozhong discovered a new class of elementary particles and won the Nobel Prize in Physics with 1976.
Li "invented the cross molecular beam method around 1986, learned more about the process of chemical reaction and made contributions to the new chemistry-dynamics in the research field" and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Stephen Chu, 1997, won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing laser cooling and trapping atoms.
1998, Robert laughlin, Cui Qi, German Horst stopa Mo and American quantum physics made outstanding contributions and were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Li zongdao
biography
(Li Cong Del 1926? ) Theoretical physicist Li Zhengdao. 1926165438+1was born in Shanghai on October 25th. 1943 to 1944 studied at Zhejiang university (the first year of physics at that time was in Yongxing, Guizhou), and his academic career was inspired by teacher Liang Beixing. 1944 Overturning the injury stop. 1945 moved to Kunming, in the physics department of The National SouthWest Associated University. 1in the spring of 946, it was suggested that his teacher Wu Dayou get a national scholarship to go to the United States for further study, enter the Graduate School of the University of Chicago, and pass the postgraduate qualification examination. 1948 In the spring, Li started his Fermi doctoral thesis.
At the end of 1949, under the guidance of Fermi, Li Zhengdao completed the doctoral thesis of White Dwarf and obtained his doctorate. After a year as a lecturer in the astronomy department of Nanjing University, he spent six months in the school, the University of California (Berkeley) and the Department of Physics, doing research.
1950, Li married Qin, a college student from Shanghai. They have two children, the first is Li Zhongqing, a professor of technical history and president of California Institute of Technology, and the second is Li Han, an assistant professor and university chemistry department in Michigan. The Institute conducted advanced research in Princeton 195 1. 1953 was an assistant professor in the physics department of Columbia University, 1956, 1955 was an associate professor. He is a professor and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. 1960- 1963, as the chief professor of Columbia University. 1963, hired as a professor; 1964 was appointed as a professor of physics at Columbia University; 1983, he was appointed as a professor of university physics. He is a member of the American Academy of Sciences.
Yang Zhenning: High-quality students are high-quality talents.
Yang Zhenning: 1922 was born in Anhui. Li 1957 won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Looking back on the development of science in the 20th century, Yang Zhenning's main achievements are reflected in three aspects: learning to control the role of electrons; A method is found to study the gravitational dream of the moon leaving the earth with the smallest structure.
Looking forward to the 2nd1century, Yang Zhenning thinks that China will become a world power in science and technology in the middle of 2nd1century. "I say there are four reasons: First, there are countless talented young people in China, and the development of science and technology is the most important prerequisite. The traditional Confucianism in China respects others' ethics and frugality, and attaches importance to education, which is bound to make talents have a future. In the development of the past century, China has stepped out of the mode of complacency and enthusiasm for modern science. The rapid development of Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan in recent years has provided a strong backing for the development of economy, science and technology. "
Yang Zhenning said that China and People's Republic of China (PRC) were founded more than ten years ago, successfully developed atomic bombs, and then trained and accumulated a large number of basic talents. "China people are of high quality. For example, students in Tsinghua University are not worse than those in Harvard University, but what we have to consider is how high-quality students become high-quality talents. " Yang Jiechi said that with the development of economy and the improvement of scientific research conditions, China scientists are confident to reach the world leading level in some important fields in China in the next century. Scientists born and raised in China won the Nobel Prize. From now on, 20 years is enough to bear fruit.
Samuel Chao Chung Ting
40-year-old Ding Zhaozhong went to the Royal Sweden.
The college won the Nobel Prize in Physics. The Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded by 190 1.
Hair, from that time to 1976, 75 years, Ding Zhaozhong third.
The gold list nominated Chinese scientists who won the award. grand prize
At the ceremony, he came to China for the first time, and then made a famous speech in English. He said. "
As a scientist, Nobel Prize in Literature is the greatest honor. I grew up in old China.
I want to take this opportunity to emphasize the pilot work to young people in developing countries.
The importance of. There is an old saying in China: "Auntie is in charge, while labor is in charge.
This backward thinking has a very harmful effect on young people in developing countries.
. So many students in developing countries often study this idea theoretically.
Research pilot work should be avoided. In fact, the theory of natural science is inseparable from experiments.
Foundation. Physics is produced by experiments. I wish I ... ...
Winners of the times, students interested in developing countries, let them pay attention.
Importance of experimental work. "
China people born in the United States.
Ding Zhaozhong's ancestral home is Rizhao County. Born in 1936, USA 1.
Ann Arbor, Michigan, when his parents were visiting the United States. After ...
Ding Zhaozhong once talked about his personal life. He said, "I was in the second world.
Born into a family at the beginning of World War II? Awarded to revolutionaries. I
My parents wanted me to be born in China, but I was still young when they visited the United States.
It was born. I became an American citizen because of this accident. The suddenness of the plot
However, it also affected my life. "He was born three months ago and his parents were early.
Country (region). Shortly after Professor Ding's family returned to their hometown, a shocking "Seventh Congress" broke out.
July Incident ",Ding Zhaozhong's childhood, was accompanied by the chaotic years of soldiers' panic.
He recalled this period of time and said, "When I was born for three months.
Country (region). At that time, the situation in China was that I had always been a refugee.
Will flee to another place ... whose parent company Hai teaches at Shandong University,
Chongqing University, 1938 was hired as a professor-level senior engineer. Mother Ding was assigned to Sichuan.
Professor of psychology at the College of Education. Ding Zhaozhong spent his childhood in Chinese mainland. begin
The early research was in Ciqikou Primary School in Chongqing, and I didn't move to Tian Tian with my parents until after the war.
Tianjin barely finished primary school. /kloc-in the winter of 0/948, Ding went to work in Tainan City, Taiwan Province Province.
At the same time, university professors moved to Taiwan Province province. 1September 1956, moved to the United States.
Research at the University of Michigan College. He studied mechanical engineering at first, but later he
Find your own interests mainly in physics. In the second semester, he chose some physics.
Science and math courses. In the second year of college, he moved to his interested object.
Physics department.
1959 graduated from the school, majoring in mathematics and physics.
Bachelor degree in surface engineering. The following year, he was awarded the Master of Science degree. He also
Special Honorary Award of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Soon after, the United States
Science foundation award. 1962, Ding Zhaozhong received a doctorate in physics.
.
Until the summer of 1974 ended, Ding Zhaozhong's experiment entered a critical moment.
In an instant, all the time will affect him in the proton collision of the high-energy accelerator.
What's in their hearts. When the particle mass is oriented, it drops to 3-4 billion electrons.
The voltage range when a new particle suddenly appears is very long.
The decomposition of life by positive and negative electrons. Ding Zhaozhong was very excited at this time. However, strictly speaking,
The concern of China scholars did not immediately announce this discovery. Since August.
In June+10, 5438, they conducted some such experiments, which were impeccable.
According to the data, Ting announced to the world1974165438+10/2.
This amazing achievement. Anecdotes about scientific experiments. Ding Zhaozhong experiment
On the east coast, when he caught the ever-changing J particle,
Waiting on the west coast, American physicist Hitler led his research team at Stanford University.
New particles have also been found. Experiments on the east and west coasts
The report is similar. The difference is that Ding Zhaozhong called it a "new particle".
J ",Brecht said" ψ ",then, who was the first person to discover a new movie?
Where's the son? This is a complicated unsolved case. Therefore, Ding Zhaozhong and Brecht
1976 When the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded, they discovered a new particle.
This is called J/ψψ particle.
[Li Yuanzhe was born in Hsinchu County, Taiwan Province, 1936. He is a doctoral student at the University of California, Berkeley, 1965. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University and Harvard University. From 1968 to 19? 1974 taught at the university of Chicago, USA, and 1974 was promoted to professor. At the University of California at Berkeley, he is a professor of Chinese studies. Professor Hirsch Bach, who is engaged in molecular beam research at Harvard University in Li Yuanzhe, praised him as "a great experimental genius". Later, Li Yuanzhe developed Hirschbach's and molecular reaction dynamics's ideas of cross molecular beam research, and created a new generation of cross molecular beam instruments. Theoretically, detailed information and the reaction trajectory of molecular reaction dynamics are studied before this equipment. This is the best molecular beam equipment in the world. Li Yuan was called "the real implementer of molecular beam chemistry" by Nicholas Tse. Up to 1986, according to incomplete statistics, Li Yuanzhe has published more than 80 papers/kloc-0. Li Yuanzhe still made outstanding contributions to the study of reaction kinetics, photochemistry, spectroscopy, molecular biology and the role of intramolecular energy transfer. Professor Li Yuanzhe was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1986 Debye Prize in Physical Chemistry by the American Chemical Society, and was awarded the National Science Medal. He is the youngest winner of chemists' research in recent ten years and the first chemist in China who is qualified to win the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Li Yuanzhe, a native of China, has made certain contributions to the scientific and technological development of the motherland. He helped the Institute of Atomic and Molecular Studies in Taiwan Province Province and the Institute of Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1986 to establish a molecular beam laser pyrolysis product spectrometer. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Sciences, Fudan University and China University also gave a lot of guidance to the study of molecular reaction dynamics.
He rode his bike on the mountain road and climbed towards his goal. The day after he arrived at his destination, Nobel Prize in Literature winner Steven Chu said. This kind of climbing has a relaxed feeling, just want to really feel it.
(Applause) Among the Swedish royal family, the world's top scholars and 1400 distinguished guests, 1997 China Chu Prize winner's eyes stood on the highest academic hall. At present, it snows from time to time in Europe during Christmas. Chu is very sad, but the weather is very hot. In the days when he showed the glory of King Gustav XVI of Sweden, I spent a lot of experiments-the success or failure of the experiment showed ups and downs ... Today, he finally extracted the correct beam of honey (laser cooling capture technology, laser cooling capture), and the beam of honey caught the atom, thus having the most dazzling aura of a bachelor's degree and walking in the history of world physics forever.
Stephen Chu is a China-born professor at Stanford University. His students call him Steven. The usual habit is to wear a light-colored long-sleeved shirt with sleeves neatly pushed out from above the elbow, which is very fresh and natural. From1997 65438+1October 14 in the morning, a phone call from Stockholm came with good news, which broke the quiet night sky and began to calm down. He and his family. Since then, he has been surrounded by the media. However, even so, he is still a simple casual dress, appearing on TV, newspapers and magazines. He is still the same as him.
Chu is from Taicang, Jiangsu, China. 1948 was born in St. Louis, Missouri, USA in February. 1970 graduated from the University of Rochester with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics, and 1976 received a doctorate in physics from Berkeley University, where he worked as a postdoctoral researcher for two years. 1978, he went to electromagnetic phenomena to be a researcher at Bell Laboratories. Five years later, he was promoted to director of electronic research department. Professor Ren 1987 went to Stanford University, and 1990 served as a tutor.
1993, he and other researchers won an international prize, Saudi Arabia, that is, the "international prize", and they won a prize of about 654.38+million dollars.
In the same year, he was elected as a member of the American Academy of Sciences at the130th session. 1996 was awarded the Guggenheim Prize by the american physical society Academic Prize. The Nobel Prize in Physics was won by Steven Zhu, a scientist from Maryland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Cohen Danoji, a French scientist. 3. Nobel Prize in Literature, at the same time divided into about 6.5438+0 million dollars.
After Zhu was edited, 1957, Yang,, 1976,,1/kloc-0 years ago, scientists in China won the fifth Nobel Prize in Economics. After him, a China native, Professor Cui Qi of Princeton University, won the Nobel Prize in Physics. The winners are all physics prizes. Except for Li Yuanzhe in China, six ethnic groups won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Chu, the award-winning research can be traced back to 14 years ago. When he was at Bell Labs. In the field of low temperature physics, "beam molasses" is a physical term, which makes Stephen Chu's sweetheart love a dispensable hand. The original "beam honey" refers to the effect of cooling gas with laser. Steven Chu's laser cooling capture "means that atoms can be accurately measured at room temperature by using laser cooling, and the moving speed is per hour 100 km." If the gas is cooled to near absolute zero, once the atom is captured, its activity will be very slow, and then it will interact with the light with longer atomic time, so that the physical quantity can be accurately measured.
This study is the most important, how to apply what you have learned. In fact, the most frequently cited example by Steven Chu is "gravity measurement", which has surprised the academic and technical circles. What is the greatest use of atomic scientists in the ultra-low temperature state of gravity distribution in this area? Oilfield exploration. This application will greatly reduce the cost of oil production. Oil companies are very interested in this research. There are already many similar applications, and more secret circles may be found to find the answer. Another major application of biophysics is laser cooling capture technology, which can decipher DNA.
Chu's father, Zhu Rujin, is also a contemporary scientist. 1949 went to the United States from the mainland and is now over 80 years old. Dr Zhu Rujin and his wife studied economics at MIT and the School of Chemical Engineering in Zhu Lijing Town. Zhu Rujin and Zhu Diwen, an academician of Taiwan Province Academia Sinica, belong to "father and son". 1964, Zhu fu was elected as the fifth academician. 1994, after his father and four other academicians made suggestions to Ge Bing, he was elected as an academician by an overwhelming majority. Zhu Rujin's universities are in St. Louis, Virginia and New Jersey. He has also served as a consultant professor in chemical industry, petroleum and aerospace for more than 60 enterprises in the United States and Europe. Chu is the second child in the family. His younger brother Zhu Wen, Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduated from Harvard Medical School majoring in physics, and is now a professor at Stanford University Medical School. My brother, Morgan Chu, is a doctor of law from Harvard University, and is currently working as a lawyer in LA. Family is really called "doctor's home".
As a mature scientist, Chu has his own life school. He often said, "We have no genius, but we know our goals and plans. We will always encounter setbacks, but don't lose enthusiasm. " Zhu's father and three outstanding sons are top scientific and technological talents. In fact, when Zhu's father agreed to Zhu's study of physics, that line was really hard to say. I like painting Chu since I was a child, and my father thinks that maybe architecture is a good way for him. However, human cell Chu Di-wen's physical talent draws the physical structure block diagram. Fortunately, his father should not be too deliberate about his future road. He finally came by his own efforts, and the breakthrough was due to the rugged road.
Chu has a strong scientist temperament, and in the eyes of classmates and friends, he also has an unforgettable humorous eloquence. He often makes academic speeches impromptu, interspersed with interesting in-depth content. Whether in research, work, or even his teaching philosophy, there is a group of "retreating one into two". His own students don't set too high demands. He feels that his work performance will inspire stronger motivation and make him more confident. He loves sports, rides his bike to the campus every Friday, and "walks" by experiment. Physics experiment is like a beautiful fire hitting his explosive movement, and the combination of "beauty" and physical "force" is in life.
Chu's talent for serious research lies in the physical world. Is his global recognition their greatest wish? Stephen Chu: I think my scientists' greatest hope is that in the next decade, twenty years, or even hundreds of years, my own pearl test results will contribute to human beings and people's real life.
65438+1October 65438+In March 1998, the Academy of Sciences of the Royal Swedish Academy announced that it would award the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics to German scientist Horst Stowe kilmer, American scientist Cui Qi and American scientist Robert laughlin in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the study of quantum physics.
Cui Qi and Stowe 1982, Experiments of Palmer Electron in Strong Magnetic Field and Ultra-low Temperature. They pressed gallium arsenide and gallium arsenide chloride two types of semiconductor chips together, so that a large number of electrons gathered at the junction of the two chips. This kind of chip combination can only be placed in the ultra-low temperature environment of 10 degrees Celsius above absolute zero (about 17 degrees Celsius). The powerful magnetic field is equivalent to 100 times of the earth's magnetic field strength. They found that under such conditions, electrons can form a new type of quantum fluid with certain properties. A year later, Professor laughlin explained their experimental results. On the basis of this discovery, scientists began to make some important discoveries. The achievements of these three scientists are a major breakthrough in the field of quantum physics, and the new theories have made important contributions to the development of many branches of modern physics.
Cui Qi won the famous Franklin Prize in America. Cui Qi Internet has established his own website, saying that his main academic interest is to study the electronic characteristics of metals and semiconductors. These studies can be applied to the development of more powerful computers and the most advanced communication equipment.
Cui Qi was educated in Peizheng Middle School in 1950s. 1957 was born in China, Henan and Hongkong, and then went to the United States for further study. 1967 received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Chicago. After working in Bell Laboratories, Bell Laboratories, known as the "cradle", and Nobel Prize in Literature laureates Cui Qi and Shi Mo are both here. Fractional quantum Hall effect (1982) found two Nobel Prize in Literature physics in 1998. 1982, professor at Princeton University, USA. His current research field is the basic properties of electronic materials. Cui Qi's wife is Norwegian-American. They have two daughters. The eldest daughter Irene is studying in Wuhan.
Students from China, Professor Li and others introduced that in the United States, according to Xinhua News Agency, he is easygoing, but strict with students. He is a madman, a famous teacher and student. 13 In the morning, Cui Qi went to school as usual. When people congratulated him, he smiled as usual and just said "thank you" and hid. It is reported that Cui Qi is very concerned about the motherland and often talks about the development of the motherland with China students.
The following are some of the benchmark data:
(China Youth Daily 65438+10.7) HTM
Resources: The following are some references.
In addition, the owner of the group's products, bought, cheap guarantee.