Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Nanshan School Pinyin: South Founder: Daoxuan, also known as Quadrant School and Nanshan School Time: The origin of the Tang Dynasty: the introduction, origin and inheritance, history, classics and trials, theory, influence and introduction of Nanshan School, named after its emphasis on learning and spreading precepts. The actual founder was Daoxuan in the Tang Dynasty. Because it was founded according to the quartile law in the Five Laws, it is also called quartile law. After Taoism settled in Zhong Nanshan, it was also called Nanshan Famen or Nanshan Religion. The origin and inheritance of Nanshan School originated from precepts, which were not established at the beginning of Buddhism, but were formulated by the Buddha to prevent the improper behavior of monks. The principle of Buddhist precepts is "following the offender", that is to say, every precept in the law set is formulated for some improper behavior of monks at that time, with specific karma and time and space background, and its content varies from thing to thing. The real purpose of Buddha's precepts is to make disciples abide by them and increase their confidence, so as to purify the monks and live in Buddhism for a long time. In ancient India, these commandments were divided into two parts, five parts and twenty parts. Later, only the first four of the five books were introduced to China, namely, the Ten Sacred Laws, the Four-Division Method, the Bhikkhu Method and the Five-Division Method. Since Buddhism was introduced into Middle-earth, until the early years of Cao Wei, the boundary between monks and laymen was not clear because there was no translation and dissemination of precepts. Monks and laymen only differ in shaving their heads and dyeing their clothes, but they have not given up. In the third year of Cao Weihuang (222), Tan Moga Luozun, a monk from China and India, came to Luoyang and learned that China lacked the inheritance of law, so he made a wish to spread the law. In the second year of Yu Jiaping's reign (250), he translated the volume "Bekachu's Caution" and urged the ten Brahma monks to establish karma and hold a ceremony to preach the precepts, which opened a precedent for the ten monks to preach the precepts in China. However, in the following 100 years, only the banned book "Monks Be Cautious" and the rest of the codes were not translated, so legal teachings could not be popularized. It was not until Yao Qinhong's sixth year (404) that Kumarajiva translated the Ten Reciting Methods, and China had a legal biography. Since then, the four laws and five theories have been translated one after another, including the ten-chanting method, the four-division method, the Maha monk method, the five-division method, the Pinimu theory, the Modoga theory, the good-seeing theory, the Sabodo theory and the enlightened theory. Of the five laws spread in India, four were first translated into China, but there was a lack of a law book left by Ye Jia, which was not translated until the first year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (543). At that time, after various legal translations, it was popular for some time. Among them, the only thing that can be passed on to future generations is the law of quartile. Before the Tang Dynasty, the Ten Recitation Method was widely popularized. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there were three schools of scholars: Nanshan School founded by Daoxuan of Zhong Nanshan in Chang 'an, Xiangbu School founded by Fali of Sunshine Temple in Xiangzhou, and Dongta School founded by Huai Su of West Taiyuan Temple in Chang 'an. Nanshan School was named after its founder, Dao Xuan, who lived in Zhong Nanshan for a long time. Daoxuan (596-667) was born in Xing Wu, Zhejiang (Runzhou Dantu). Among the five laws that came from India at that time, Daoxuan thought that the quartering method was most suitable for China's national conditions, so he explained the Mahayana Prajna Sutra with Mahayana doctrine, so as to make it clear, make it stand up and unify the collection of laws, which laid a standard for Buddhist life. Daoxuan lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan Imitation Palm Valley, studying various laws and works. There are four methods, that is, deleting complexity and simplifying, filling in gaps; Four laws contain notes and warnings; Four methods to delete and supplement random causes; Four dharma ambassadors bhikshuni note; And four laws, pick up penny notes and so on. Among them, the first three books were called the "Three Great Works" of Nanshan by later generations, while the book Making Money was a legal guide for more than 1000 years, and more than1000 people commented on it. Among many disciples of Daoxuan, Lawyer Xiu (called Lawyer Zhou) inherited the legal system and was the second ancestor of Nanshan Law. Its successors are Dao Heng, Fa Rong, Chu Heng, Wu Yi, Yun Kan, You Yi, Yuan Zhao, Zhi Jiao, Zhunyi, Fa Zheng, Fa Jiu, Liao Hong, Miao Lian, Xing Ju, Zhao Zhen and so on. The preacher sent the founder fali lawyer from the Ministry. Lawyer Fali studied in Ling, Jinghong and Hongyuan, and was deeply influenced by the essence of the quartering method. He also extensively studied the ten-recitation method and synthesized various classical theories, and wrote ten volumes of Four Divisions and three volumes of Jiemo Shu. He advocates that abstinence from learning requires both determination and wisdom, so he takes two methods: stopping evil and doing good. According to the theory of "non-color and non-heart" advocated by the theory of achievement, judging that the quartering method is a total Hinayana is called "Xiangbu School" because the legal theory prevails in Xiangzhou (now Linzhang, Henan). Dongta Lvzong was created by Huai Su in Tang Dynasty. In the 19th year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (645), Huai Su became a monk from Master Xuanzang, that is, he majored in the Law Department and studied intensively for three years. However, he found that the Ancient People's Righteousness was not perfect, so he began to compile the Four Points Law in the first year of Xianheng, Tang Gaozong (670), and at the same time listened to Tao Cheng's lawyer preaching the law of o 13, which took ten years to complete. Huai Su "takes the Buddha as a mirror and appears randomly", so he doesn't judge the size. He interprets the precepts by translating works such as "The Theory of Breaking and Killing" and "The Theory of Abandoning All", denouncing the sixteen defects in the Law Book and denouncing the religious chaos in Nanshan Law School. Huai Su is a new rarity, and it has become another family. Because of living in the East Tower of West Taiyuan Temple, it was named "East Tower School". Compared with the "old sparse" of Xiangbu, it is generally called "new sparse". After the Five Dynasties, Xiangbu and Dongta schools declined, and only Nanshan school prevailed, so the law school was usually Zhinan Mountain school. In the Song Dynasty, there was a lawyer named Taizhou Yunkan who preached legalism. He opened the altar of abstinence and conferred precepts on monks, which had a great influence at that time. In the legal field, Yunkan compiled 10' s notes based on its Taoist works, such as Correct Banknotes, Exegetical Notes, Evidence from Ink-abstaining Books, Notes on the Notes of the Notes, etc., which are internationally known as "Ten Notes for Teachers". Yuan Zhao, a lawyer of Lingzhi Temple in Qiantang, Hangzhou, became a generation of legalists with Tiantai Sect's interpretation of the law, the integration of the two factions, and the theory of the integration of teaching, law and Zen. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the practice of Buddhism declined, and great virtues of Buddhism appeared one after another in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, such as Lianchi, Yi Shu, Hongzan and Yuan Xian, which were handed down from generation to generation. Lawyer Samadhi Jiguang (1580- 1645) first learned the idea of sage teaching first, then the Puni method, and also learned the idea of Zen, and set up a ring altar in Baohua Mountain, Jiangsu Province and the Nanshan Famen Dojo. Therefore, Baohua Mountain became the abstinence center of China. So far, the preaching of commandments in the jungles of the north and the south has followed the ceremony of Baohua Mountain. There are more than 100 altars presided over by Samadhi lawyers, and there are countless commandments. Famous disciples include Xiang Xuehai, lawyer Yueyue and so on. Wen Hai, a famous lawyer in Qing Dynasty, lived in Fayuan Temple and practiced Baohua Mountain Law. He is the first ancestor of Fayuan Temple. Yong Zhengdi ordered Wenhai to build three altars and a big circle. At that time 180, more than 80 monks knelt down and begged for the Great Ring. Since then, the method of Baohua Mountain can also be branched in the north, and there are hundreds of thousands of precepts around the world. Its laws are handed down from generation to generation, such as sex, roundness, purity, clumsiness, wisdom, Cang, Hai Ran, Indian Sect, hair bands and so on. The famous master of legalism in modern times is Hongyi. He was versatile, proficient in music, acted in plays, and first introduced western oil paintings to China. Entering Buddhism in middle age, he devoted himself to studying law and became a legalist monk. Legalism was introduced into Japan from Jian Zhen in the Tang Dynasty, and gained the belief of the Japanese emperor at that time. Building a temple in Nara and setting up an altar to preach precepts have made Japanese legalists flourish to this day. It can be seen that Famen is a big school of Buddhism with deep international influence. According to historical legends, when Sakyamuni was alive, he formulated various commandments to restrain monks. When Buddhism first assembled, the law was recited by Youpo Li. Later, due to the different understanding of the commandments by various Buddhist factions, the commandments were also different. According to The History of Becoming a Monk, China's practice of translating precepts and accepting precepts began in Wei Jiaping (249-254). Tankogyaro, an Indian from China, came to Luoyang and saw that the monks in China just lost their hair and were not ordained, that is, they translated the precepts of Maha monks as the guidelines for keeping precepts. Indian monks are also invited to build karma (rules of precepts) to practice the precepts. In Jacky (254~256), Tandi, a Buddhist monk, a peaceful country, came to Luoyang and translated the karma of the Legal Department and Tibet. Since then, monks in China have been taught to hide the Ministry according to law. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the widely circulated laws such as the Maha Monk Law and the Ten Recitation Law were translated as the basis for doing things, so that the ordained and accompanying were inconsistent. When Emperor Xiaowen was in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Facong gave a lecture on the division of four points in Pingcheng, and dictated it to his disciples as six volumes, with only one paragraph of essays. So Facong is a quartermaster. It wasn't until Huiguang wrote The Four Divisions of Laws, dictating and deleting the profession, that the foundation of this sect was laid. Daoyun, a disciple of Huiguang, spread Hong, and Zhishou, a disciple of Daohong, lamented that the five laws were combined at that time, that is, studying ancient and modern theories and writing Five Banknotes and Four Laws, which had great influence. Tao Xuan, an intellectual disciple, specializes in law. After entering Zhong Nanshan, he devoted himself to his works, which were later called five major works, namely, four laws containing notes and precepts, four laws deleting and mending random causes, four laws deleting and mending complicated banknotes, four laws picking up pennies and four bithuni banknotes. He set up a ring altar in Zhong Nanshan and held a Buddhist ceremony to accept the ring, thus formally forming a sect. At the same time, the four-part law was popularized in Guang Ri Temple in Xiangzhou (now Linzhang, Hebei Province). He and Hui Xiu jointly wrote the four-part law Shu Shu and Jie Mo Shu Shu, which created the Xiangbu Sect. Huai Su, the east tower of West Taiyuan Temple, once entered Xuanzang's gate and wrote the opening notes of the quartering method. He used the new translation to explain everything, such as the Great Bodhisattva Theory and the Theory of All Abandonment, and criticized the mistake of the four-part method, which was called new sparse. Later, he wrote New Notes, Four Points of Buddhism and Nirvana, etc. , and founded the East Tower Sect. Nanshan School, Xiangbu School and Dongta School were later called Famen School. In the meantime, there were also disputes between them, especially with Xiangbushi and Dongtazong. Later, the Xiangbu and Dongta systems gradually declined, and only the Nanshan system was inherited and continued. According to the four-point method, Tao Xuan is the ninth ancestor, and there are eight people in front of him: Tan Wude, Tan Kejia Luo, Fa Cong, Dao Fu, Hui Guang, Dao Yun, Dao Hong and Zhi Shou. Later, there were Daoxuan, Zhou Xiu, Daoheng, Shenggong and Cheng Wai. It was handed down and flourished again in the Song Dynasty. According to the four laws of Daoxuan, Yun Kun wrote back to delete the complex and simplify the notes, but Yuan Zhao, the second disciple, disagreed with the return, so Nanshan School was divided into Huihezi in the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it declined to nothing. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Nanshan School was revived because Xin taught precepts at Linggu Temple in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). For example, the new disciple Jiguang Jinling Baohuashan built a legalist Dojo. Rereading the body and abstinence. Reading classics inherits the method of silence, inspires the public with ten wishes, takes precepts with * * *, and values harmony. There are many books. The most famous disciples are Deji and Shuyu, both of whom have many works. On the basis of morality, there is truth, constancy, realism and auspiciousness. Among them, Fu Ju entered Beijing in the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734), was the abbot of Fayuan Temple, and wrote Nanshan Zongtong. Under it, there are sexual characters, round head, clear, quiet, intelligent, long warehouse, natural, Indian Sect and hair circle. In addition, Jierun Zeng Li Hong lived in Tianning Temple in Changzhou, and his legal flow is unknown. During the Republic of China, there was a famous lawyer named Hao Shi. Classics and judgments are based on ten-thought method, four-division method, Maha monk method, five-division method and Prajna paramita theory, Mahaga theory, Prajna paramita theory and understanding theory, which are collectively called four methods and five theories. The teaching method of the first generation of Sakyamuni is divided into two religions: culture and control. Culturalization is the teaching method of Buddhism, which is interpreted by Confucian classics, such as Ahan's Four Books, Wisdom Theory and Six-Foot Theory. It is the teaching method of Buddhism to restrain the behavior of all beings, that is, the interpretation teaching method, such as the four-division method and the ten-reading method. Cultural education can be divided into three categories: sexual education, relative education and circular education. Sexual emptiness teaches all Mahayana, mutual emptiness teaches all Mahayana Prajna, and only knowledge circles teach all Mahayana Sutra, Shurangama Sutra, Miraculous Lotus Sutra and Mahayana Nirvana Sutra. The teaching system can be divided into three schools: True Sect, Pseudonym Sect and Round Sect. The real practice is that all laws are established, and some say that everything is divided and the color method is taken as a warning. Pseudonym Sect means that all laws are established only by the Ministry of Classics and others, and the non-color and non-heart methods are taken as the precepts. Pope Yuan established various laws, such as knowledge-only circular teaching, and took the seeds of mental method as a warning. Legalism belongs to the cyclic pope among the three religions. The doctrine of theoretical legalists is divided into four branches: precept by example, precept by example and precept by example. The precepts are Buddhist precepts; Abstinence is the practice of precepts; The precepts are the expressions or provisions of the precepts, that is, the five precepts, the ten precepts and the 250 precepts. The main theory of this Sect is asceticism. Or the body is the body that happens when the ordained disciple is ordained by the teacher and accepted from the heart. In other words, the practice of acceptance psychologically constitutes a function of preventing non-evil. This is the core theory of Legalists. The precept style is translated as "reactive power" in the old translation and "no table" in the new translation. The three schools are divided on this issue. Ancient teachers mostly took the theory of reality as the basis and "inaction and caution" as the "non-corresponding method", so the patriarchal clan system advocated the theory of non-color and non-caution. Huai Su, the East Tower School, follows the theory of giving up everything, takes "no watch industry" as the color method, and advocates the theory of color method and abstinence from body. Nanshan School preached that the four-part division was related to Mahayana, and according to Shurangama Sutra and Theory of Taking Mahayana, Araille's seeds were taken as the precepts. Contrary to the first two theories, it is called mind-law-abstinence body. The Mahayana theory in the law of quartile originated from Huiguang, and Daoxuan sought five reasons from the law to prove his theory. On the one hand, it says "women return to their hearts", on the other hand, it says "giving", on the one hand, it says "giving money lightly" and on the other hand, it says "learning from the world". From "four points" to Mahayana, further establish the theory of the integration of three studies. As soon as you quit one line and have an epiphany, you will have all the lines and become the Mahayana wonderful line. Influenced by this sect, Buddhist precepts are divided into two categories: "abstinence" and "adherence". "Stop" means "avoid all evils", which means that monks and nuns stop doing all evils and "don't get rid of them"; "Being a provider" means "what all good people pursue", including various rules of life, words and deeds, repentance, food and clothing. The first half of the quartering method explains that monks and nuns hold the door until they get rid of the precepts; The second half explains that accepting precepts, saying precepts and other 20 degrees (literally translated as "gathering") are door-holding. The five major departments of Nanshan School do not have these two categories. This case was introduced to Japan by Jian Zhen, a disciple of Daoxuan Sanchuan. In the 13th year of Tang Tianbao (754), Jian Zhen built an altar to preach in front of the Dongdadi Buddhist Temple in Nara, Japan, which was the beginning of Japanese legalism.