You will definitely ask for a lawsuit and receive a formal notice in a week or so. Because it's too much, you have to pay a fine after the lawsuit. If you pay a fine, it's about $20 per mile. You don't have an American driver's license. If you have it, you have already deducted it. But you don't have an American driver's license, which is a bit difficult. The American DMV may not be able to handle this kind of thing. Do you have an ID card? If so, the other party may have your record, if not, there may be no record.
Speeding will not affect your visa to return to China, nor will it affect your schooling. But your driving test may have an impact. Did you show your passport at that time? Usually driving with a domestic driver's license requires a passport at the same time. If the police record your passport, you may have problems applying for insurance after driving test.