I want to make a report on the trial procedure of the Australian court and whether it is necessary for the jury to take the time to ask experts for advice online. Thank you! ! ! !

Australia, like other common law countries, adopts the jury system in the trial of cases, which was introduced with the British colonial rule. 1787, Britain established its first colony in New South Wales, Australia, and established a criminal court to authorize the enforcement of British laws; 1823, the first civil court was established in this area, and English law was applied. Almost at the same time that Australia's first colony, New South Wales, was established, the jury system was introduced. 1788, the first jury in New South Wales was composed of six jurors, who were selected from the officers. The jury selection was presided over by arthur phillip, the commander of the First Fleet and the ruler of the colony at that time. The military judge presided over the trial.

190 1 year, six British colonies in Australia established the Commonwealth of Australia. The federal constitution stipulates that any indictable crime that violates federal laws and is prosecuted must be tried by a jury.

The basic situation of the current jury system in Australia is that the jurors are 18 years old or above, with no criminal record and Australian citizenship. Under normal circumstances, the jury consists of 12 people, who mainly participate in the trial of criminal cases. In some cases, the jury also participates in the trial of major civil cases, and its members are five. Among the four-level courts in Australia, only the state high court and the local court have juries to participate in the trial of cases, while the federal court and the grass-roots court do not adopt the jury system.

In the case of jury participating in the trial, the basic procedure of Australian courts is: before the trial, assistant judges, prosecutors and defense lawyers are dressed in black robes and white wigs, and journalists and clerks in casual clothes are seated respectively. The bailiff escorted the two defendants to the dock. Subsequently, the bailiff of the duty court announced that all the staff stood up. A judge in a red robe and a white wig walked into the court and sat on the bench. All the employees are seated. After the judge assistant announced the trial, he took out a wooden box and read out the jury list in turn by drawing lots. In this wooden box, there is a list of 20 jurors randomly selected by the assistant judge from the microcomputer before the trial. After the judge's assistant read out the list of jurors, the jurors went from the gallery to the jury box and took their seats. The assistant judge first read out the list of six defense jurors, and then read out the list of six prosecution jurors. Afterwards, the assistant judge asked both the prosecution and the defense whether to apply for the withdrawal of jurors. The defense lawyer immediately went to the defendant, whispered with him, asked for advice, and then decided whether the jurors should withdraw. The prosecutor for the prosecution may also ask the jurors to recuse themselves. As long as both the prosecution and the defense apply for withdrawal, and there is no need to explain the reasons, jurors must withdraw. However, the prosecution and the defense can only ask three jurors to withdraw at most. Then, the assistant judge reads out the list of additional jurors, and if the prosecution and the defense do not apply for withdrawal, a jury will be formed. After the jury is formed, the bailiff of the duty court issues a Bible to each juror (if you don't believe in Christianity, you don't need to get it), and the jurors swear on the Bible under the auspices of the assistant judge. Subsequently, non-Christian jurors took the oath under the auspices of the assistant judge. The judge explained the rights and obligations to the members of the jury and explained the laws related to the case. Afterwards, the court entered the trial procedure. The jury can only decide whether the defendant in a criminal case constitutes a crime. If found not guilty, the defendant will be released in court; If found guilty, the judge will decide the sentence and fine. In addition, the jury must agree on whether the defendant is guilty or not. If not, the jury will be replaced again until they agree. So some cases can't be closed for a long time.