Who has immunity?

Immunity, also known as lawyer's immunity, means that the law gives the defense lawyer the right to refuse to testify to the judicial organ about what his client knows about his practice in criminal proceedings, and he will not be investigated and punished by relevant laws because of his legal practice. It includes immunity from testimony and responsibility, as well as immunity from jurisdiction. Unless a country expressly agrees, no other country may accept a lawsuit against that country or its property. 2. Immunity from legal proceedings. In the case that a country waives its immunity from jurisdiction and voluntarily brings a lawsuit in another country's court or voluntarily responds in another country's court, the court of another country may not take procedural coercive measures against that country or its property without the consent of that country. 3. Enforcement of immunity. Even if a country waives its immunity from jurisdiction and initiates a lawsuit in another country's court or voluntarily responds in another country's court, the court of another country may not take enforcement measures against its property according to its judgment without the consent of the country.

(1) If a person who enjoys judicial immunity brings a lawsuit to the host country court, the host country court shall not accept it. However, if the competent authority of the country where the person enjoys judicial immunity explicitly waives jurisdiction, the court of the country where the person is located has the right to accept it.

Persons who enjoy judicial immunity shall not enjoy judicial immunity if they have an economic dispute with each other because of private affairs.

(3) If the diplomatic representative brings a lawsuit to the court of the host country, which leads to the defendant's counterclaim, the diplomatic representative must participate in the lawsuit and does not enjoy judicial immunity. According to the Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, foreigners who enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities mainly include: 1, ambassadors, ministers, agents, counsellors, military attaché s, secretaries above the third level, administrative and technical personnel of embassies, spouses and minor children who live with them. 2. Foreign heads of state, government, foreign ministers and other officials with the same status who are invited to visit China. 3. Consular representatives and other consular personnel of various countries in China. 4. Business representatives who enjoy certain diplomatic privileges and immunities according to treaties and agreements signed by China. 5. Diplomats from third countries who are in transit or temporarily staying in China. 6. Representatives from all countries came to China to attend the meeting. 7. Senior officials sent by governments to China.