Macao people govern Macao with a high degree of autonomy.
On February 20th, People's Republic of China (PRC) resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao and established the Macao Special Administrative Region according to Article 3 1 of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the principle of "one country, two systems", the original capitalist system and way of life will remain unchanged for 50 years.
"Macao people ruling Macao" means that Macao people manage Macao independently. The executive and legislative organs of the Macao Special Administrative Region are composed of Macao residents. According to the Basic Law, "Australians" are permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region, including China people, Portuguese people and others who meet the conditions stipulated in the Basic Law. The Chief Executive, principal officials, members of the Executive Council, members of the Legislative Council, the President of the Court of Final Appeal and the Procurator-General of the Macao Special Administrative Region must be permanent residents of the Region, and some of these positions must be held by China citizens who are permanent residents.
"A high degree of autonomy" means that the National People's Congress authorizes the Macao Special Administrative Region to exercise a high degree of autonomy in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law, and the central government does not interfere in the affairs within the autonomy of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The Macao Special Administrative Region enjoys executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, and other powers granted by the National People's Congress, its Standing Committee and the Central People's Government. A high degree of autonomy does not mean complete autonomy. In order to safeguard national unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity, the central government retains the necessary powers. For example, foreign affairs and national defense related to the Macao Special Administrative Region are managed by the Central People's Government.
administrative agency
The government of the Macao Special Administrative Region is the administrative organ of Macao. The head of government is the Chief Executive. The government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall have departments, bureaus, divisions and offices.
The principal officials of the government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be China citizens who are permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region and have ordinarily resided in Macao for 65,438+05 years.
The government of the Macao Special Administrative Region is responsible for formulating and implementing policies; Manage various administrative affairs; To handle foreign affairs authorized by the Central People's Government as stipulated in the Basic Law; Prepare and submit financial budgets and final accounts; Put forward motions and draft administrative regulations; Appoint officials to attend meetings of the Legislative Council to listen to opinions or speak on behalf of the government.
The government of the Macao Special Administrative Region must abide by the law and be responsible to the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region; To implement the laws passed and effective by the Legislative Council; Regularly deliver policy addresses to the Legislative Council; Answer questions from members of the Legislative Council.
chief executive
The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region is the head of the Region and is responsible to the Central People's Government and the Region.
The Chief Executive shall be a China citizen who has reached the age of 40 and has ordinarily resided in Macau for 20 consecutive years. The Chief Executive is elected locally or appointed by the Central People's Government through consultation. The term of office is 5 years, renewable once.
The chief executive's main functions and powers include: leading the government of the Macao Special Administrative Region; Responsible for the implementation of the Basic Law and other laws applicable to the Macao Special Administrative Region; To sign bills passed by the Legislative Council and promulgate laws; To sign the budget passed by the Legislative Council and report the budget and final accounts to the Central People's Government for the record; To decide on government policies and issue administrative orders; To formulate administrative regulations and promulgate them for implementation; To nominate and report to the Central People's Government for the appointment of principal officials, such as directors of various departments, independent commission against corruption, auditor-general, director of police headquarters and customs officers, and suggest that the Central People's Government remove the above-mentioned officials; Appoint some members of the Legislative Council; To appoint and remove members of the Executive Council; Nominate and report to the Central People's Government for the appointment of the Procurator-General, and suggest that the Central People's Government remove the Procurator-General; To appoint and remove presidents, judges, prosecutors and public officials of courts at all levels; Have the right to dissolve the Legislative Council under certain circumstances.
executive board
The Executive Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region is an institution that assists the Chief Executive in making decisions. The meeting shall be presided over by the Chief Executive and held at least once a month. Members of the Executive Council are appointed by the Chief Executive from among principal government officials, members of the Legislative Council and members of the public. The number of members of the Executive Committee varies from 7 to 1 1. When the Chief Executive deems it necessary, he may invite relevant persons to attend the Executive Council as nonvoting delegates.
The upper house of the British Parliament
It is composed of permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region, and most of its members are elected. Unless otherwise stipulated in the first session, the term of office is four years.
The first Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region, whose term of office expires at 5438+0 in September 2006, has 23 members, of whom 8 are directly elected, 8 are indirectly elected and 7 are appointed by the Chief Executive. The second Legislative Council, which took office in 200 1 and 10, has a total of 27 members, of whom 10 was directly elected, 10 was indirectly elected and 7 were appointed by the Chief Executive for a term of office until 2005; The number of members of the Legislative Council in the third term and beyond is 29, of which 65,438+02 are directly elected, 65,438+00 are indirectly elected and 7 are appointed by the Chief Executive.
The Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall have a chairman and several vice-chairmen. The chairman and vice-chairman are elected by members of the Legislative Council from among themselves. The President and Vice-President of the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be China citizens who are permanent residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region and have ordinarily resided in Macao for a continuous period of 15 years.
The functions and powers exercised by the Legislative Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region include: enacting, amending, suspending and repealing laws; To examine and approve the budget proposed by the government; Review the budget implementation report submitted by the government; Determine taxes according to the government's suggestions and approve the debts undertaken by the government; To hear and debate the policy address of the Chief Executive; Debate on public interest; Accept and handle complaints from Macao residents.
Under certain circumstances, the Chief Executive may be impeached by a two-thirds majority of all members of the Legislative Council and submitted to the Central People's Government for decision.
Judicial authority
The courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall exercise judicial power independently, and shall only obey the law without any interference. The Macao Special Administrative Region shall establish primary courts, intermediate courts and courts of final appeal. The power of final adjudication in the Macao Special Administrative Region belongs to the Court of Final Appeal of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
The primary courts of the Macao Special Administrative Region may, when necessary, establish a number of specialized courts. The original criminal prosecution court system will be maintained.
An administrative court shall be established in the Macao Special Administrative Region. The administrative court is the court that has jurisdiction over administrative litigation and tax litigation. Those who refuse to accept the ruling of the administrative court may appeal to the intermediate court.
Judges of the courts at all levels in the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be appointed by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of an independent committee composed of judges, lawyers and social celebrities. The presidents of the courts at all levels in the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be elected by the Chief Executive from among the judges. The President of the Court of Final Appeal shall be a China citizen who is a permanent resident of the Macao Special Administrative Region, and his appointment and removal shall be reported to the NPC Standing Committee for the record.
The procuratorate of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall independently exercise the procuratorial functions entrusted by law without any interference.
ICAC [Hong Kong]
The Independent Commission Against Corruption of the Macao Special Administrative Region is an independent institution, and the Commissioner of the Independent Commission Against Corruption is directly responsible to the Chief Executive. The Commissioner of the Independent Commission Against Corruption and his subordinate institutions have all the powers conferred by law, and their work is not interfered by any department, official or public of the SAR Government.
In order to put an end to corruption and bribery, the SAR Government has taken a series of measures, including anti-corruption, prevention, legislation and education. Hand, build a clean society ruled by law.
state auditing administration
The Audit Office of the Macao Special Administrative Region was established in accordance with the Basic Law. The Audit Commission works independently without interference. The Auditor General is accountable to the Chief Executive. The Audit Commission is committed to improving the internal supervision system of the public sector, and plays a role in promoting public administration and improving the efficiency of public financial management through audit work.
Police headquarters
The Commissioner of Police Headquarters was approved by the State Council on June 5438+065438+ 10, 2000 and took office on September 5438+0, 2006. One of the main tasks of the police headquarters is to unify the command of the public security police station and the judicial police station, so as to further strengthen the cooperation between the two police agencies. According to the provisions of the Basic Law, the chief of the police department of the Macao Special Administrative Region is the principal official.
customs
The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region has established the Macao Customs in accordance with the Basic Law to uniformly implement the work of regulating foreign trade activities and protecting industry and intellectual property rights. Before the establishment of the Customs, the relevant work was jointly undertaken by the Economic Bureau and the Marine Police Inspection Bureau. The Commissioner of Customs was appointed with the approval of the State Council in July 2000, and took office in September 2006. According to the Basic Law, the Commissioner of Customs of the Macao Special Administrative Region is the principal official.