1, which stipulates that no one may force the defendant to testify against himself. In criminal proceedings, the parties have the right to refuse to make statements against themselves to anyone. Without due process of law, no one is innocent until the judicial organ finds him guilty. Its essential meaning is to emphasize that criminal defendants enjoy the same legal rights as other citizens.
2. Every criminal defendant has the right to get the help of a lawyer, which is a recognized constitutional principle in common law countries. According to the precedent of the Supreme Court of the United States, once the investigation and trial begin, the defendant has the right to ask a lawyer for help. If this right of the defendant is not respected, the criminal prosecution that has been carried out will be invalid.
3. Enjoy the right to review by the grand jury, that is, only a grand jury composed of qualified residents can prosecute defendants with serious crimes (sentenced to more than one year in prison).
Once the same case is tried by the court, it will be closed. The procuratorial organ shall not file a retrial in the same court for the same case, unless the appeal is rejected for retrial.
5. The principle of due process.
6, sentencing should not be too heavy, and so on.
Such strict restrictions on national judicial power, especially on the powers of investigation organs and appeal organs in common law countries reflect the strong protection of criminal defendants' human rights in common law countries.