Okamura Ningji is a man.
Okamura Ningji was born in Tokyo on 1884. After graduating from the Japanese Army NCO School and the Army University, they began to invade China. He used to be the head of the "zhina" class of the Army Staff Headquarters, the head of the China class, and the military attache of the Japanese Embassy in China. From 1925 to 1927, he served as the military adviser of warlord Sun. 1928, participated in the invasion of Qingdao and Jinan as the captain of the sixth infantry company, and participated in the "Jinan Massacre" that shocked the world.
From 65438 to 0932, he served as the deputy chief of staff of the Japanese "Shanghai Dispatching Army" and participated in the war of aggression against China. 1933, on behalf of the Japanese government, signed the Tanggu Agreement with the Kuomintang government to invade eastern Hebei and the territory north of the Great Wall. 1935, the commander of the North China Army of the Japanese invaders signed the "Hemei Agreement" with He to invade North China. Later, he served as deputy chief of staff of Kwantung Army and military attache in Manchukuo, second chief of staff, head of the second division, commander of the tenth army, commander-in-chief of the Japanese army in North China and commander of the sixth army. Finally, he was promoted to commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders and committed numerous crimes in China.
Please Chiang Kai-shek.
Okamura Ningji knew that he was guilty and could not escape punishment. Thinking that he was not only listed as a war criminal, but also the death penalty was inevitable, he sent his family back to Japan by special plane, ready to bear the sanctions alone.
However, he also assumed that there was a chance to save his life in the conflict between the two countries, and he was determined to "fight hard with * * * to make contributions by apologizing". He handed over millions of excellent weapons and equipment of the Japanese invaders to the Kuomintang government, presented 40 or 50 secret documents he had dealt with the China * * * production party for many years to Chiang Kai-shek, and offered He a plan against * * *, saying: "The biggest internal worry of China is the huge strength of the * * * army, which cannot be underestimated. At present, there are still 300,000 Japanese troops between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in Central China. I suggest not to disarm for the time being. I will lead them to help the national army destroy the * * * army under the unified command of your commander. You only need to be responsible for supplying materials, and other weapons, ammunition and medical care are solved by ourselves. "
He appreciated this and immediately reported it to Chiang Kai-shek for approval. Although Chiang Kai-shek was afraid of losing people's hearts and dared not make a move, he regarded Okamura Ningji as one of his own and decided to limit the scope of war criminals to a minimum, even to one person. He gave clear instructions: "The news of the arrest of traitors and the arrest regulations shall not be announced, and they can only be officially announced after the approval of this Chairman." "In the future, Deputy Director Dai (Li) will be in charge of the arrest of traitors to facilitate reunification and avoid differences."
Chiang Kai-shek made it clear that Okamura Ningji should be given special treatment. Therefore, for more than a month after the Japanese surrender, Qin Ying, the commander-in-chief of the Japanese army, delayed giving the order to disarm Okamura Ningji. Therefore, the dispatch headquarters stationed in the Foreign Ministry Building in Dafang Lane, Nanjing is still heavily guarded, with anti-aircraft guns and machine guns on the shelves. Japanese officers and men still oppress the people, rape women and run amok. Qiu Weida, commander of Nanjing garrison, made many representations before ordering Okamura Ningji to hand over his weapons and equipment.
Chiang Kai-shek and He Wei, in order to fight against * * * with collusion, ignored the strong calls of international and domestic demands to try Okamura Ningji, and declared him as "the head of the liaison department of Japanese officers and soldiers in China Theater", entrusted with the important task of assisting in surrender, maintaining public order and repatriating Japanese prisoners and overseas Chinese. Later, he was appointed as the "liaison monitor" of the Kuomintang government and secretly assumed the position of military adviser of the Kuomintang.
1945165438+1October, the producer of China * * * announced in Yan 'an that Okamura Ningji was listed as the number one war criminal. Chiang Kai-shek and He instructed newspapers in Nanjing and all parts of the Kuomintang not to publish this news.
1946 In September, the head of the Kuomintang War Criminals Handling Committee was instructed by Chiang Kai-shek and He answered a reporter's question: "Okamura Ningji was originally a Japanese war criminal, but since Japan surrendered, he has made remarkable achievements in maintaining public order in Nanjing and assisting our government to accept surrender. At present, he is the liaison monitor, and his work is not over yet. When he was detained for trial, the Committee is now studying. "
Key protected objects
Chiang Kai-shek's perverse act of sheltering Okamura Ningji has aroused strong condemnation from international public opinion. MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces stationed in Okamura Ningji, had to stop all diplomatic activities in the United States on June 26, 65438/KLOC-0. 165438+1On October 23rd, the Far East International Military Tribunal asked Okamura Ningji to testify in Tokyo. However, the Kuomintang government rejected Okamura Ningji's health problems.
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East saw through the conspiracy of the Kuomintang government and demanded that Okamura Ningji be sent to Tokyo for trial. The Kuomintang government had to detain as a war suspect for review, and two senior officers sent by He accompanied him from Nanjing to Shanghai, falsely claiming that he would be tried in the Shanghai War Crimes Prison, which actually became the key protection object of the Kuomintang government.
At that time, legends about the whereabouts of Okamura Ningji varied from country to country. Okamura Ningji fidgeted, so he sent his staff Kogasawara to inquire about the news from Major General Cao Shicheng of the Second Hall of the Ministry of National Defense. The next day Cao Shicheng brought reliable news: "The trial in Okamura will be held after September. Because President Jiang, Bai Chongxi's Minister of National Defense, Chen Cheng's Chief of Staff and General He are very grateful to Okamura for his work after the armistice, the trial is just a formality, but it is appropriate to return to China after the signing of the peace treaty. "
Fake trial is really an act.
On July 7th, the prosecutor of Shanghai Military Court issued a court summons to Okamura Ningji, ordering him to appear in court on July 2nd 10. This made Okamura Ningji nervous again. Chiang Kai-shek was considerate of Okamura Ningji, and ordered Wu Wenhua, the liaison officer of the Second Hall of the Ministry of National Defense, to visit quietly and convey the arrangement of Chiang Kai-shek, He Qinying and the Ministry of National Defense, explaining that Okamura Ningji was tried before the trial of the International Military Tribunal in the Far East, and gave instructions to betray core secrets. He grovelled and said: "The so-called disease in the instruction has been cured, which can delay the trial. The court will act according to the condition, so it is better to submit a diagnosis to the court as soon as possible; Dean Jiang also agreed to start the trial and pointed out that it should be handled lightly; As a defendant, he should be held in a prison for war criminals, but it is still under study to recuperate due to illness or move to Beijing-Shanghai hospital; Regarding the issue of bail pending trial, the court should have instructions at that time. "
When talking about his feelings at this moment in his memoirs, Okamura Ningji said: "Since the armistice, I always thought that the day of being tried as a war criminal was bound to come, and now it has finally arrived. However, I am extremely grateful to the leaders of the China government and the army for their care and kindness in the past two or three years. "
On July 1948 and 12, Okamura Ningji was formally tried by the Shanghai Military Court in China. The court adopts the collegiate system of five people. The presiding judge is Shi Meiyu and Major General of the Military Court of the Ministry of National Defense for trying war criminals, and the presiding judge is four full-time colonel judges, namely Ye Zaizeng, Qilu, Lin Jianpeng and Zhang Tikun.
10: 30, the trial of Okamura Ningji began. First of all, prosecutor Shi Yong questioned whether Okamura Ningji's aggressive experience in China and his subordinates' illegal acts were responsible.
With the support of Chiang Kai-shek and He, he defended himself without fear and said: "I think the crimes committed by subordinates are facts, but also sporadic illegal acts at lower levels, which have nothing to do with military commanders, commanders and commanders, and do not belong to the crime of * * * with the same responsibility. Even so, I should bear the moral responsibility. "
Shi Meiyu conveyed the instructions of Chiang Kai-shek and He to the judges in advance, so no one dared to touch Okamura Ningji's personal crimes. The trial will end in an hour. It's purely a formality.
On July 18, 2008, Wu Wenhua, the liaison officer of the Second Office of the Ministry of National Defense, visited Okamura Ningji again, and tirelessly drafted an application for bail for him, which was copied clearly by staff officer Matsuoka and submitted to the court for approval.
On August 14, the Shanghai Military War Criminals Court conducted a preliminary hearing on Okamura Ningji, which was purely a formality and ended in half an hour.
Chiang Kai-shek and He ordered Sun to give preferential treatment in every way, and invited Qian Longsheng and Jiang He, the "first-class lawyers" of the Kuomintang, as defense lawyers to nervously plan and help formally pass the trial.
"golden cicada shelling" plan
1948 On August 23rd, Okamura Ningji, a long-delayed war criminal, publicly pronounced a sentence and finally went to court.
The audience saw that Okamura Ningji pushed all the responsibilities cleanly, which aroused strong anger and demanded that Okamura Ningji's war crimes be traced.
The court debate was extremely fierce. Until 6: 30 in the afternoon, Dean Shi Meiyu announced the end of the trial and tried again on another day. Anyone with legal knowledge knows that according to the usual practice, major cases will be heard on the day of the end of the debate, and the judgment originally scheduled for 3 o'clock has not been filed. It is not difficult for people with discerning eyes to see that this is a big scam to fool the people and prevaricate international public opinion.
At 7: 20 pm on August 23rd, Okamura Ningji returned to prison. Warden Sun, like a victorious general, welcomed him. The next day, he came to the prison to express his condolences and mysteriously revealed the secret: "There are two opinions within the (Kuomintang) government about the time for the public trial of Mr. Wang. Diplomacy advocates that it is appropriate to wait for the international judgment on other war criminals before making a judgment. On the other hand, the Ministry of National Defense advocates prompt judgment. Therefore, we can only ask President Jiang to make a decision. The next public trial may be to continue the debate, and whether to judge immediately has not yet been decided. "
Upon receiving the news of Chiang Kai-shek and He's conspiracy, he immediately submitted an application to the Shanghai Military Court: "Request medical parole due to illness."
165438+1October 13, Okamura Ningji applied for medical parole on the grounds of heart disease and diarrhea. His trial was postponed for 30 days. After being hospitalized, Minister of National Defense He called senior Kuomintang officials to discuss how to try the case. He Qin Ying and Cao Shicheng advocated acquittal; The Minister of Justice and Administration advocated that public opinion should be taken into account and the judgment should be consistent with that of the Tokyo Military Court. There was a dispute at the meeting and we had to ask Chiang Kai-shek for instructions.
It turned out that Shi Meiyu had been bullied by Chiang Kai-shek and had a hard time. Knowing that it was not easy to hear this case, she played the trick of "golden cicada pulling out its shell" and issued a report. Who knows that this report was not approved, but he was promoted to the director of the Procuratorial Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense, and his rank was also promoted from Major General to Lieutenant General. He also received a secret telegram from Chiang Kai-shek to the effect that according to the letter from Tang, the garrison commander of the Battle of Songhu, the acquittal should be accurate, and so on. Shi Meiyu didn't dare to offend Chiang Kai-shek, so she had to draft a judgment to exonerate Okamura Ningji, and wrote a letter to Xu Yongchang, the new defense minister, for review and signature, which was a job.
1949 65438+1On October 26th, the Shanghai Military Court held its last public hearing to hear Okamura Ningji, the scale of which was greatly reduced, and only more than 20 journalists were invited to attend.
At that time, all the judges stood up and listened to Shi Meiyu read the verdict. The whole court was silent. When "Okamura Ningji is not guilty" was read, the court was in chaos. The court police tried their best to keep order by waving sticks so that Shi Meiyu could read the verdict.
1949 65438+1On October 28th, Mao Zedong issued a solemn statement on behalf of the Central Committee, condemning the acquittal of Okamura Ningji by the Kuomintang authorities and demanding that Okamura Ningji be arrested and imprisoned again. The national public opinion also unanimously condemned the slogan "No Japanese war criminals are allowed to be transported away" in various parts of Shanghai.