Please enlighten me, do defenders have to read the defense in court in criminal trial? Should the presiding judge summarize the focus of the debate in court?

First of all, if it is a "defense", it should be read out in court. The problem is that "defense" only appears in "private prosecution cases" or criminal incidental civil parts of criminal trials, and there is no defense in cases prosecuted by procuratorial organs. According to the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law, after reading the indictment, the presiding judge will ask the defendant whether he has any opinions on the charges charged in the indictment (in some cases, he will ask the defender), and then the prosecutor will ask the defendant questions.

Secondly, no matter what kind of litigation, the presiding judge will not summarize the focus of the court debate, and both parties can express their opinions on the facts of the case and the application of the law. Summarizing the focus of disputes is mostly used in the court investigation stage of civil trials. The focus of this controversy is the induction of litigation claims and defense opinions. When summing up the focus of the dispute, the presiding judge shall solicit the opinions of both parties. If one party insists on supplementing some disputes, the presiding judge should also adopt reasonable parts.