Brief introduction to the physical meaning of Lyapunov function

Lyapunov function generally chooses quadratic form, which represents an energy function.

Why did you choose this?

Because Lyapunov's stability theory is based on the viewpoint of energy, simply put, the energy of a system is constantly changing (increasing or decreasing) with the passage of time. In a limited time, the system tends to be stable and the energy is no longer changing.

At this point, the energy at k+ 1 minus the energy at k in our system is

This is Lyapunov stability theory.