Population density: 111 people/km2.
Zibi Lake
Zibi Lake
Dali Geothermal Prefecture
Eryuan County
Eryuan County Located in the north of Dali, at the source of Erhai Lake. With a land area of ??2,875 square kilometers, it is a minority county where 23 ethnic groups, including Bai, Yi, Hui, Dai, and Lisu, live together. The total population at the end of 1999 was 320,400. Eryuan is endowed with unique natural resources and is known as "the land of fish and rice, plums, cows, hot springs and orchids". It is a rich and beautiful place, also famous for its splendid culture and simple and magical cultural landscape.
Overview
Eryuan has charming scenery and is an important part of the Cangshan Erhai National Scenic Area in Dali. The Yunnan-Tibet Highway and Dali Highway pass through the county, and the tourist attractions in the county are concentrated and connected, forming an all-round and three-dimensional development pattern of ground, hot and cold water, lakes and mountains, historical sites, and ethnic customs. It is rich in geothermal resources, with an annual output of 3.08 million cubic meters of warm water at 38-78°C. The building materials resources are of high quality, especially first-class beige and pink marble. Eryuan County has explored and summarized a path for the coordinated development of flue-cured tobacco, fruits, dairy livestock, aquatic products, garlic, biological resources, tourism and other industries that suits the county's conditions, and the economic construction and various undertakings have continued and healthy development. Infrastructure construction such as transportation, communications, and municipal administration have been further strengthened, and the investment environment has been improved. The county party committee and the county government have closely focused on the overall goal of building a county with strong tourism culture and a strong green economy, and expanded opening up to the outside world.
Architectural Evolution
Eryuan, from the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, belonged to Yuye County. In the first year of Tang Linde (664), Langqiong, Dengbei, Shili and other prefectures were established in the territory. Langqiong, Luodeng and Shilang were established in the Sixth Imperial edict, and Langqiong was the Nanzhao prefecture. When the Dali Kingdom was established, Ningbei County, Luodeng County, and Yufeng County were established one after another. In the seventh year of Yuan Xianzong (1257), two thousand households in Langqiong and Andeyu were placed under Wanhu Mansion in Dali. In the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), Dian Province was established, with three counties including Dengchuanfu, Linglongqiong, and Yufeng, and Dali Road. In the Ming Dynasty, the county was cut off and returned to Langqiong. Dengchuan County was established, and Langqiong County was taken under the jurisdiction of Dali Prefecture.
The Qing Dynasty was built along the Ming Dynasty. In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Langqiong County was renamed Eryuan County, and Dengchuan Prefecture was renamed Dengchuan County. The two counties belonged to Tunxi Road first and then to the Dali Inspectorate. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Eryuan and Dengchuan counties belonged to the Dali area. 65438 to 0956 all belong to Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. 1958 10. Eryuan, Dengchuan and Jianchuan counties merged to form Jianchuan County. In October 1961, Jianchuan County was abolished, and the original Eryuan and Dengchuan counties were merged into Eryuan County. In June 5438, in February 2003, the zoning was adjusted. Shuanglang and Jiangwei Town were placed under Dali City, and Jiangwei Town was renamed Shangguan Town; in June 5438, in October 2005, after the merger of Zibi Township and Yuhu Town, It is called Zibihu Town. At the end of 2006, Eryuan County governed 6 towns including Zibihu, Dengchuan, Yousuo, Sanying, Yufeng, and Qiaohou, 3 townships including Niujie, Liantie, and Xishan, 2 communities, and 88 village committees. meeting.
Physical Geography
Eryuan County is the birthplace of Erhai Lake. It is located in the northwest of Yunnan Province and the north of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. It borders Heqing County to the east, Dali City and Yangbi County to the south. It borders Yunlong County to the west and Jianchuan County to the north. The total area of ??the county is 2533 square kilometers. The county seat is located in Chibihu Town, 2060 meters above sea level, 471 kilometers away from the provincial capital Kunming and 73 kilometers away from the state capital Xiaguan. Eryuan belongs to the north subtropical plateau monsoon climate type, with distinct dry and wet seasons, sufficient sunshine, "four-sequence constant temperature", three-dimensional climate, and obvious regional microclimate. The average annual rainfall is 732 mm, the maximum rainfall is 1966, reaching 1140.5 mm, the minimum rainfall is 1958, only 469.7 mm, the annual average sunshine is 2061.0 ~ 2439.4 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 55 ~ 57.
The annual average temperature in the Eryuanba area (warm and cold layers) is 65438±03.9℃. The extreme highest temperature in the past 50 years occurred on June 2, 1958, reaching 32.0°C, and the extreme lowest temperature occurred on June 4, 1962, reaching -8.1°C.
Frost at the end of February, cold spring in early April, drought from May to June, floods with continuous rainfall from July to September, low temperatures at the end of August and early September, "a dry winter", "a dry spring", and hail in some areas are the main disastrous climates in my country. . The total rainfall in Eryuan area in 2006 was 547.8 mm, 171.4 mm less than the previous year and 25.6 mm less than the previous year. The annual average temperature is 15.3℃, 1.1℃ higher than previous years. The total number of sunshine hours throughout the year was 2477.3 hours, 49.4 hours more than the average in previous years and 149.5 hours more than the previous year. The extreme maximum temperature throughout the year is 29.5℃ and the minimum temperature is -2.6℃. Eryuan County is located at the junction of the Hengduan Mountains and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The territory is criss-crossed with overlapping mountains, basins and valleys, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams dotted here and there.
The altitude of the county ranges from 1,645 meters to 3,958.4 meters, with obvious vertical changes and complex landforms. The county slopes from northwest to southeast. The three mountain ranges of Ma'anshan in the east, Luoping Mountain in the middle, and Luoping Mountain in the west run through the entire county from north to south, forming Luoluo River Canyon in the southeast, Heijiang Canyon in the west, and Sanying, Yuhu, Yufeng, and The five major plateau basins are Yousuo and Jiangwei. China's hydrology is also characterized by diversity. The main rivers are Heijiang River, Yufeng River, Mizi River, Miju River, Yong'an River and Luoshi River. The natural lakes include Haixi Lake, Zibi Lake, West Lake and East Lake, with 65,438,000 tributaries and 436 mountain streams. Rivers and lakes are divided into three major water systems, namely Heijiang River, Miju River and Luolou River, which belong to Jinsha River and Lancang River respectively. Nanwu Mountain, the branch of Ma'anshan in the northeast, is the highest point in China, with an altitude of 3958.4 meters; the lowest point is Wushaoqingkou, at the western exit of Heijiang Nan County, with an altitude of 1645 meters.
Ethnicity and Religion
Eryuan is a multi-ethnic county dominated by the Bai ethnic group. There are Bai, Han, Yi, Hui, Lisu, Naxi, Dai, Tibetan and other ethnic groups living in the world. The ethnic groups are scattered and small in scale. According to the results of the fifth census in 2000, there are 27 ethnic groups in China. At the end of 2006, the county's population was 275,844, including 187,270 ethnic minorities, accounting for 67.9% of the total population. The Bai ethnic group has a population of 169,759, accounting for 61.5% of the total population. There are 88,574 Han people, accounting for 32.1% of the total population; 9,338 Yi people, 6,211 Hui people, 1,080 Lisu people, 404 Tibetan people, and 120 Naxi people. Eryuan is not only a county where many ethnic groups live together, but also an area where multiple religions coexist. The eight ethnic groups living in this county all have their own religious beliefs. The existing religions in the territory include local religions, Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism, Christianity, and the worship of the Bai people developed on the basis of local religions. With the exception of Islam, almost every religion is common to several ethnic groups, and all seven indigenous ethnic groups have retained their own local religions to varying degrees.
Sightseeing Attraction
Eryuan County is located in the hub area of ??Lijiang, Dali and Diqing. It is an important part of the national scenic spot Dali Scenic Area. It has good location advantages and diverse tourism resources. . There are many scenic spots in the territory, as many as 200, which can be divided into West Lake, Zibi Lake, Haixihai and Niaodiao Mountain. Zibi Lake is as clear as jasper. It is not only famous for the rare plant "Purple Green Flower", but also fascinating for the peculiar "water flower tree" in the lake and the pear orchard scenery at the foot of the Purple Valley. There are villages and lakes in the West Lake Water Town, there is Luwan on Lu'an, and there are fishermen's songs on the Yanzhu, "_ _Naturally has the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River"; the West Sea is surrounded by green mountains, quiet; there are birds hanging on the pine trees on the mountains, the azaleas are blooming, and there are hundreds of birds paying homage to the phoenix of wonders. There are also many strange peaks and caves, beautiful forests and springs, as well as misty hot springs, such as plum gardens scattered with snowflakes.
Eryuan has a long history and profound national culture. There are 19 key cultural relics protection units in the county, including 2 at the provincial level, 4 at the national level, and 13 at the county level. In the early Tang Dynasty, the emperor issued an imperial edict to make the Boqiong abundant, set up Yingzhou Lane, built Phoenix Terrace, and dug a white sand well. Nanzhao unified the six imperial edicts, Mrs. Bai Jie led the troops to defend against the enemy, Ming Taizu Fu Youde and Yuan Youcheng Pu Yandu attacked Foguang Village, Ming Taizu Wen Jian took refuge in Wolong Cave and cultivated Shilong Temple, leaving behind many legends and relics. Eryuan is the hometown of Shi_, the earliest Communist Party member on the Tsinghua campus, and an old revolutionary county during the War of Liberation.
The people of all ethnic groups in Eryuan are industrious, intelligent, good at singing and dancing, and have created a rich and colorful national culture. Eryuan is the "mythical kingdom", "the place where the goddess sings", and is also the famous "hometown of white suona". With beautiful lakes and mountains, hot and cold water, numerous cultural landscapes, and rich ethnic customs, it is an ideal place for tourism investment and will attract more tourists. In 2006, there were 2 star-rated hotels in the county, which received 430,000 tourists throughout the year, and the total tourism social income was 293 million yuan.
Product Resources
Eryuan has outstanding diversity of wild animal and plant resources. Alpine, sub-alpine, canyons and basins are intertwined within the territory, with a variety of natural environments ranging from subtropical to alpine cold temperate zones. There are more than 700 species of higher plants above ferns, and 15 species of seed plants have complete geographical composition, including 11 species of national rare and endangered plants (1 species in the first category and 10 species in the second category). Among the main forest vegetation types, coniferous forest is the most widely distributed, with 249 common tree species in 95 genera and 43 families. There are hundreds of species of birds.
The line from Luoping Mountain to Diancang Mountain and the vast mountainous areas in the west are important passages for migratory birds. Among them, the famous Diao Diao Mountain is very spectacular when migratory birds move south. China has 22 species of nationally protected wild animals, including leopards and black deer. With the reform of the forest management system and the implementation of natural forest protection projects, forest coverage continues to increase, and some wild animal populations that have been extinct for many years have also appeared one after another. There are many types of Chinese medicinal materials with large reserves, including more than 860 species of plants and 10 species of animals. Among the flower resources, there are about 16 genera and 120 species of orchids, accounting for 10 and 12 of the country's total respectively. Eryuan, a native orchid with a long history and famous production, is China's famous "Hometown of Orchids". The vast waters of Woye Pingchou in Eryuanba District mainly produce rice, broad beans, flue-cured tobacco, rapeseed, garlic and various aquatic products. Early-maturing garlic is large in size, has good color, delicious taste and is rich in vitamins. It is favored by Chinese and foreign merchants. Garlic cultivation has developed into a rural industry with an output value of hundreds of millions of yuan. Thanks to the mercy of irrigation and fishing grounds, Eryuan is a "land of plenty". It is also rich in water and grass, sufficient feed, and has a long history of dairy farming. It is a famous "hometown of dairy cows" in the country. The mountainous area has vast land and rich pasture. It mainly produces corn, potatoes and miscellaneous grains. There is huge potential for the development of forestry, fruit and animal husbandry. Our country has superior natural conditions such as light, heat, water, and soil suitable for the growth of plums, and the fresh plums produced are strong and of high quality. The plum industry connecting planting, processing and sales has risen, and Eryuan has become a veritable "hometown of plums".
Dengchuan Rufan, Yufeng Yantai and other traditional famous products are well-known both inside and outside the province. "Diequan" sweet milk powder, "Baoer" carved plums, Qingmei Shuang, etc. have been certified as national green foods. Eryuan is known as the "plateau water town" and is rich in water resources. The Heihe River system in the west is one of the main sources of the Lancang River, with an average annual runoff of 638 million cubic meters. The maximum flood in the main stream reaches 1120 cubic meters per second, with a drop of 375 meters and an average drop of 6.4‰, which has important hydropower development value. The Ami water system in the east consists of six rivers, including Mizi River, Yufeng River, Haiwei River, Miju River, Luoshi River, and Yong'an River, and four connected lakes: Haixi Lake, Zibi Lake, West Lake, and East Lake. Water flows into Erhai Lake in the south, with an average annual runoff of 482 million cubic meters, accounting for 860% of the average annual runoff of Erhai Lake. The county's theoretical hydropower reserves are 207,000 kilowatts, and the potential for hydropower development is huge. Eryuan is located in the high-temperature hot water area of ??western Yunnan and is blessed with geothermal resources. It is a famous "hot spring town". There are nine main geothermal display areas in the territory, including Yuhu, Niujie, Sanying, Xiashakou, Chengxi and Wenshui. * * * There are more than 30 natural dew points, the water temperature is 30 ~ 90℃, and the mineral content reaches the standard of medical hot mineral water.
In recent years, hot spring leisure tourism, mainly in Dali Geothermal Prefecture and Xiashankou Hot Spring Resort, has continued to heat up, and development efforts have continued to increase. 25 kinds of minerals have been discovered in Eryuan, and there are more than 50 known mineral deposits. Metal minerals include gold, silver, lead, antimony, copper, zinc, tungsten, manganese, iron, titanium, magnesium and aluminum. Non-metallic minerals mainly include rock salt, diatomaceous earth, marble, limestone, lignite, peat (grass coal), especially building stones with large reserves and excellent quality. Corn-colored marble and burnt graphite marble have fine stone quality, bright color, high commodity value and great development value.
Education and Health
In 2006, Eryuan County vigorously promoted the strategy of revitalizing the county through science and education, consolidated the "two basics" educational achievements, coordinated the development of basic education and vocational education, and achieved new results in education. progress. Modern distance education has been fully implemented in primary and secondary schools in the county. There are 31,790 students enjoying "two exemptions and one subsidy" in the rural compulsory education stage, with 6.04 million yuan in subsidies reduced or reduced during the year.
There are 177 schools in the county, including 20 general middle schools, 1 vocational middle school, 106 primary schools and 49 kindergartens. The county has 1,170 primary school staff, 645 junior high school staff, 273 high school staff, 50 vocational high school staff, and 14 county government kindergarten staff. There are 9 people in the county teacher training school, 10 people in education administration, and 77 people in the education bureau and central school. In 2006, the number of applicants for the general college entrance examination in Eryuan County was 1.056, and 959 people were admitted, with an admission rate of 90.63, including 63.1 for undergraduates. The number of students taking the general college entrance examination in the county ranks fourth in the state, once again setting a new record in the county's college entrance examination history. Eryuan No. 2 Middle School and Eryuan Vocational Middle School ranked among the top 10 in Quanzhou for the first time. There were 3076 high school entrance examination candidates, with an average score of 455.14 and a total score of 201 out of 600 or above. Among them, 1,348 students were admitted to county-level high schools, and 95 students were admitted to provincial and state key high schools. The enrollment rates of primary school and junior high school reached 99.2 and 95.85 respectively.
As of the end of 2006, the county had a total of 16 health care institutions (excluding clinics), with 511 beds and 436 health technicians. Among them, there are 189 practicing physicians, 65 practicing assistant physicians, and 133 nurses. The county has 1.6 health technicians and 1.9 beds per 1,000 people. Primary medical care reached the standard in 1997, with one hospital reaching the first-level hospital standard and two hospitals reaching the national second-level hospital standard. The construction of a Chinese medicine pilot county passed the acceptance of the Provincial Health Department and reached the standard, and was awarded the honorary title of "Advanced County in Rural Chinese Medicine Work in Yunnan Province" .
Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry
In 2006, Eryuan County conscientiously implemented direct grain subsidies, improved seed subsidies, agricultural tax exemptions, etc., focusing on the goals of agricultural development, farmers’ income increase, and rural stability. A series of national policies to benefit farmers actively promote the process of agricultural industrialization. The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery for the whole year was 121.958 million yuan, an increase of 1.4% over 2005. Among them, the agricultural output value was 669.67 million yuan, the forestry output value was 45.94 million yuan, and the animal husbandry output value was 464.73 million yuan. The county's grain planting area is 384,600 acres, with a total grain output of 13,200 tons; vegetable planting area is 60,000 acres, with a total output of 1,586,438 2,000 kilograms; 30,000 acres of flue-cured tobacco are planted, and 89,000 tons of tobacco leaves are purchased; 43,000 acres of early-maturing garlic are planted, with a total The output is 79.3329 million kilograms, with an output value of 270 million yuan; the plum planting area is 83,000 acres, and the output is 6.5438 million tons. 32,000 acres of walnuts were newly planted, and the walnut planting area reached 15,300 acres. In 2006, forestry production continued to develop, focusing on organizing and implementing natural forest protection projects, consolidating the results of returning farmland to forests, walnut base construction, rural energy construction, resource forest management and forest fire prevention, steadily advancing and deepening the reform of the collective forest rights system, and accelerating forest ecology System and industrial system construction pace, forestry work has achieved remarkable results. Throughout the year, the county completed artificial afforestation (including artificial simulated aerial seeding) with a total area of ??170,394 acres, 10,000 acres of newly closed mountains for afforestation, and 821,000 trees planted voluntarily by the entire population. The forest coverage rate was 49.95438 0. In 2006, the animal husbandry industry continued to show healthy, stable, and sustainable development. In a good situation, we have strengthened the improvement of livestock breeds and done a good job in epidemic prevention. At the end of the year, there were 127,380 large livestock in the county, including 51,420 dairy cows and 90,000 tons of fresh milk. Dairy farmers' income increased by 139.64 million yuan.
Water conservancy construction
Eryuan County attaches great importance to water conservancy construction and implements the strategy of "combination of mountains, water, fields, forests, roads and electricity, and simultaneous development of storage, diversion, lifting and discharge" In accordance with the policy, we have carried out river and lake management, vigorously carried out water and soil conservation work, unremittingly built flood control and waterlogging prevention facilities, and built many water conservancy facilities such as water storage, water diversion, water lifting, flood control, and water and soil conservation.
In 2006, Eryuan County increased investment in water conservancy projects, completed a water-saving irrigation project for schistosomiasis prevention and control with an investment of 3 million yuan, completed 7 small water conservancy projects, 50 rural safe drinking water projects, and fully completed the Chibi Lake project with a total investment of 22.05 million yuan. Reservoir danger relief and reinforcement project. At the end of the year, the county had 15 reservoirs with a total storage capacity of 1.5892 million cubic meters, including 2 medium-sized reservoirs with a storage capacity of 1.5507 million cubic meters, accounting for 97.6% of the total storage capacity. The effective irrigation area of ??the county is 16.4 thousand hectares.
People's lives
In 2006, the rural management system was further innovated, the rural tax and fee reform continued to deepen, the burden on farmers was further reduced, and the income of urban and rural residents increased steadily. The county's total rural economic income was 1,049.55 million yuan, an increase of 10.7% over 2005. The per capita net income of farmers was 21.26 yuan, an increase of 12.1% over 2005. The per capita possession of grain is 479 kilograms. The average annual salary of on-the-job employees is 17,424 yuan, a net increase of 2,115 yuan over 2005, an increase of 12.1.
Social security coverage has been expanded from urban to rural areas, with a total of 436,000 yuan of rural subsistence allowances, 348,654,380 yuan of urban residents’ subsistence allowances, 1,182 people employed and re-employed, and 5,632 rural surplus laborers transferred and exported labor services. , the urban unemployment rate is 2.05. Eight poverty alleviation village construction projects were implemented, solving the problem of food and clothing for 2,900 people and lifting 2,600 low-income people out of poverty.
Culture and Sports
Eryuan has a long history and rich culture. For thousands of years, the hardworking and intelligent people of all ethnic groups in Eryuan have absorbed and influenced each other through long-term exchanges, production, and life, creating Eryuan's long and splendid history and culture. Eryuan not only has beautiful myths and legends, folk songs and dances, unique folk architectural art, sculpture art, but also wonderful ethnic crafts such as Yantai and Bai embroidery, as well as Dengchuan Yutan Hui, Sanying Crop Hui, Eryuan National Torch Festival, Zibi Lake Sea Lantern Festival, Haixi Sea Song Festival and other traditional festivals. There are the earliest architectural monuments in Dali - Dushi Xiangquan Monument and Rigao, which are known as the "living fossils" of Bai dance. In terms of national culture, there are well-preserved Bai folk music, blowing tunes, Daqu, calligraphy, rap art, dialect storytelling, etc.
In 2006, the second round of compilation and revision of Eryuan County County Chronicles was fully launched, and the "Ethnic and Religious Chronicles of Eryuan County" was published. The county party committee and government carefully organized a series of cultural and sports activities, cultural "going to the countryside" activities, and art performances to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, and successfully held the Dali "Sports Lottery Cup" men's basketball competition. By the end of the year, there were 3 cultural institutions in the county, cultural stations in all towns and villages, and a library collection of 50,000 books; the broadcast population coverage rate was 70.9, the TV population coverage rate was 94.9, and the cable TV household coverage rate was 38.
On January 1, 2021, Xiaokang Magazine released the ranking of the top 100 counties and cities for spring leisure in China in 2021, with Eryuan County ranking 10th.
2019 165438 On October 13, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment awarded Eryuan the title of the third batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties.
On February 22, 2018, Eryuan County was included in the 2017 list of counties (cities, districts) with basic and balanced development of compulsory education nationwide.
On March 15, 2010, Eryuan County won the honor of advanced unit in the third batch of national legal county creation activities.