In the past five years, I have been the commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign armed forces, a general, China Guards and a captain of Yi Xi, and have recorded the history of ministers. The president is like a fool. In winter, the longevity rate flies to the black in the south, Badong in the east and Jianping in the east, and the army will not be surrendered to Yidu in autumn.
In the spring of six years, he came back from the dead and was sent to Shaotunba. Bears take Confucius as their vehicle and live in Guanghan. In autumn, longevity is cut flat. In winter, Chengfu County.
In the autumn of seven years, Shounan captured Ningzhou, taking Feihei as Sima and Shao Pan as the former army, and entered the customs from the south. Don't send your son back from the country. In October, life and darkness reached Zhu Di, who was the prefect of Dong Bing to consolidate the city. Ningzhou secretariat Yin Feng, sent Jianning satrap Huo Biao, chief Shenshen to help soldiers. Shishou once attacked the city and wanted to refuse it. He said: "There is almost no food in the expected city. Although Huo Biao and others have arrived, there is not much food. It is appropriate that people go to town to eliminate their own valleys. Why did you refuse? " Tiger and others all entered the city. The city is not long, and we are eager to attack it. Hei Jian said, "The South China Road is dangerous, and the secular world is good at rebelling against chaos, so it is brave to bully, but the whole army won and spared it that day. You can never get enough of what you cling to! " If you want to fight for your life, it will be unfavorable, but you know that you are hacked by the army.
In the first month of the spring of eight years, soldiers, watches, etc. came out and became a big force in thirteen counties. In March, Yin Feng, the secretariat, moved to Shu at the invitation of the State Committee. Shouling Ningzhou. At the beginning of peace in the south, the threat was very serious, and later it turned to plunder the people. In autumn, Jianning people Mao Yan and Luotun rebelled and killed Shao Pan, the satrap. Xie Shuju, the magistrate of Zhang Ke, was promoted to Jin, and his life ended.
In the spring of 1999, Ningzhou was divided into Jiaozhou, with Huobiao as Ningzhou and Jianning as the secretariat of Jiaozhou. Feng Shou Wang Jianning. Zhang Jun asked Fu Ying, who joined the army, and Zhang Chun, who ruled China, to leave a legacy, and advised him to be a vassal of Jin. When Xiong introduced him, he said, "I was pushed by a scholar-bureaucrat and didn't care about the emperor." Guizhou can make river sand, which is often expected. Jin Si * * was Yuan Gong's minister in Jin Dynasty, and Bei Si * * was a general who would keep governors, so he swept away the atmosphere and took Kangdiyu. However, it has been a long time since the Jin Dynasty, and the voice of morality is weak, which leads to poor expectations. I will get it, and I will feel good! Ying and Chun felt the same way, so they were hired one after another. "。 Ba county is in a hurry, and the cloud has the East Army. Xiong said, "I am always worried about the arrogance of Shile and the invasion of Langya. I think I am quiet and don't want to raise an army and make folk music. "You talk a lot about this. In March, Shouhuan.
In the summer and June of Guihai, he died of illness at the age of 6 1 year. The fake Shi was called Emperor Wu, and the harem was called Emperor Taizong. She has been independent for 30 years. In December, Bing Yin was buried in Chengdu with the tomb number Anduling.
Team Shi Wen, swinging four children also. Rarely did the bear grow up. At the age of 26, he became a prince. Learn to love others. Every time I read this book, I always say that my teachers and friends Tianshui Wenkui and Longxi Dong Rong said, "I have read articles by Jin, Wang Wei Pi and Wu Wang Sun Deng, and they are all beyond reproach. What is the difficulty of the ancients! " Go into the world and be diligent in asking questions. But he was frivolous by nature and lost in hunting.
Jiazi, attack position. He came to the funeral to persuade his son to return Jiangyang, in order to let future generations know about the north. Ban was not allowed to be buried, so he was sent back to Fucheng. In the winter of October, at the beginning of Guihai, Yue killed Ban next time, and killed his middle brother to lead the capital and his younger brother to Jin. The pseudo-qiaocheng class called the prince of sin, and pursued the emperor's funeral for a long time. Ziyou and Qing were killed for a long time. Five brothers in the class were all killed, and four of them had no heirs. Sui was the satrap of the eight counties in Jinli, the satrap of Xiangyang and the satrap of Yidu. General Long Xiang marched to Yonghe in the west for three years and died in.
The word world luck, male four sons also. The mother is mean, and the husband and wife are children. Learn less and be more tolerant. In the male season, all the scholars collected songs by themselves, the most of them won hundreds of people, and the only one won more than 1000 people. For General Anton. The more Wu Xiong came from Jiangyang to attend the funeral, the more dissatisfied his brother became. Not only was my class born as a non-hero, but I was also worried about my selfishness and conspired with my brother to calculate my class. The abbot ordered John to say, "There is a conspiracy in the palace. Don't be afraid of relatives." If you don't understand in the class, you cry at night. The more you kill the class, the more you stand on your own feet. Take Yue as the prime minister and record history with longevity. Jin Shou, the viceroy, moved to seal Hanwang and removed it from Fucheng. Yue Feng established Wang Ning, with Zhong Xiong as its leader, Zhen Nan as his younger brother, Zhen, as a captain, and Wenshan as the satrap. From his father, he began to conquer the east and replace Yue, all of whom were generals. To leave is to pay homage to Liangzhou and get to know the north.
In the first month of the first year of Xiankang, he married his wife Yan, was pardoned and changed to Yu Heng. In autumn, the official was appointed as the official secretary, and the official Fei Hei and Ban Shu Luo were the servants. Luo Yan and Hanwang conspired against Shangguan Lian in Tianshui and formed a team. Seek to vent, kill performance, and punish Ban Muluo, Xunzi and his young wife.
Expand one's knowledge
Huayang Guozhi records the history of three years from ancient Bashu to Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and records the production and historical figures in these places. Hong believes that this book and Yuejueshu are the earliest existing local chronicles in China.
Classic overview
The original Huayang National Records and Huayang National Records. Huayang was first seen in Shangshu Gong Yu: "Huayang Black Water is Liangzhou." It means that Liangzhou reaches the day of Huashan in the north and the coast of Blackwater in the west.
Changqu said in Preface to Huayang National Records: "There is only Korea in the sky, and there is light in the mirror. The real company expects to show me Huayang. " It is pointed out that Hanshui River is the symbol of Huayang area.
The area recorded in Huayang National Records is Liangzhou, Kyushu, Gong Yu, which is named Huayang because it is at the southern foot of Huashan Mountain and on the bank of Hanshui River. It records the historical geography of Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and parts of Gansu, Shaanxi and Hubei before the middle of the fourth century. This book is complete in system, rich in content, informative in textual research and reliable in historical materials. It is an important historical material for studying the history of ancient southwest region and southwest ethnic minorities, as well as the history of Shu Han and Cheng Han.
The whole book of Huayang National Records 12, about 1 1 ten thousand words. The book consists of three parts: the first to fourth volumes mainly record the historical geography of Ba, Shu, Hanzhong and Nanzhong counties, which also records the political history, national history and military history of this area, but mainly records geography, similar to the geographical records in the Official History; Volumes five to nine describe the four separatist regimes of Bashu, Gongsun Shu, Liu Zhang, Liu Bei, Li and the history of the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty in the form of chronology, which is slightly similar to the chronicle in the Official History. 10 to 12 records the "wise men and women" in Liang, Yi and Ning from the Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is equivalent to the biographies in the "official history".
Liu Lin pointed out in the preface to Notes on Huayang National Records: "As far as content is concerned, it is a combination of history, geography and people; In genre, it is a combination of geography, chronicle and biography. " Changqu, which is a collection of history, geography, politics, people, nationality, economy and humanities, has the nature of local chronicles in style and content, but it is obviously different from the traditional local chronicles which only focus on recording the characteristics of a certain area. This difference is a great pioneering work of Changqu's Huayang Guozhi in the history of China local chronicles, and it is also a thousand years since Huayang Guozhi.
Since the publication of Huayang Guozhi, it has been highly praised and respected by scholars in past dynasties. Liu Zhiji, a famous historical critic in the Tang Dynasty, said in Shi Tong Zashu: "County calligraphers admire their rural sages and beauty their nation. Very popular in China; On the other hand, we seldom hear and love differences. It is as detailed as the careful inspection of Changqu ... and it can be passed down to eternal life. If you see Americans, there is almost no cover. "
Lu Dafang, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, also said in the Preface to Huayang National Records: "Ji Shu is considerable, and there is no such thing." Guangxu's Book of Jin, Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Pei Songzhi's Notes on the History of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Zhao's Notes on the Continued Han Dynasty, Mars's Notes on Yizhou, Li Daoyuan's Notes on Shui Jing, Jia Sixie's A Brief Introduction to Qi Min, the Book of Jin revised in the early Tang Dynasty, and Sima Guang's History as a Mirror are all examples.
Contemporary people regard Huayang Guozhi as an important historical material to study the ancient southwest. In particular, writing the historical records of Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places is inseparable from Huayang National Records.
To sum up, in view of the important historical value that Huayang Guozhi can provide in the study of ancient history in Southwest China, as well as a large number of research results produced by future generations due to the study of this book. These research results benefit from the records of politics, economy, history, geography, natural resources, ecology, nationalities and culture in ancient southwest China in Huayang Guozhi, which provides historical basis and reference value for modern people to study the social development and explore the laws of economic development in southwest China.
Brief introduction of the author
Chang Qu, the author of this book, was born in Jiangyuan County (now chongzhou city, Sichuan). His life story is unknown. Li Xiong and Te Li, Buddies, established the Han Cheng regime in Sichuan, where he was a regular waiter and in charge of books. In the third year of Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty (AD 347), Huan Wen, the general of the State of Jin, went west to Han Dynasty. He once advised Shili to surrender, and Huan Wen took Changqu as the army, and then went to Jiankang. All his works have been lost except Huayang Guozhi.
version
block printing
Gong Yu in Shangshu called Huayang Blackwater Liangzhou, so this book is called Huayang National Records. This book describes the historical facts of Shu and Han in more detail than the History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou. For example, Zhuge Liang pacified the south middle school, and there are only a few words in the annals of the Three Kingdoms and Shu, but there is a long discussion in the annals of Huayang. The history of Shu in Jin Dynasty is also more detailed than his book. Ye Fan wrote the Book of the Later Han Dynasty in the Song Dynasty, and used it as a reference for the history of southwest China. It can be considered that he is the earliest and most important document to study the history and geography of the people of all ethnic groups in ancient southwest China.
According to documents, this book was written by Lu Dafang when he was an official in Chengdu in the third year of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong (1080). Lu's prints are out of sight now. The preface he wrote for this purpose is still preserved today. In Ning 4th year of Southern Song Dynasty (1204), Li Zaizong Jiatai carved a book in Dan Ling, which is usually called Jiatai Ben. This book is the ancestor of Huayang Guozhi published since Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, the original version of Li's book has not been widely circulated. In the Ming Dynasty, Qian was copied, and four series were copied and circulated.
During the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Feng Shu copied this book again, which was later obtained by Gu Guangqi, a collator, and corrected. Sun Xingyan once suggested printing it. At that time, Liao Yin, a Sichuanese, expressed her willingness to engrave this book. Because he is from Shu, please ask him to carve it. This is the inscription of the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13). This is used to print four important books. At the beginning of last century, Chengdu Zhigutang also reprinted this book.
deposit book
Huayang Guozhi belongs to historical records, with elegant and simple writing and few uncommon words and terms. But the time is long, and there are some mistakes in copying. Today, when people read, the word barrier is also a difficult point.
One of Huayang National Records is Huayang National Records (①), and Water Mirror Notes is called Huatuo Records (②). It is a twelve-volume book written by Chang Qu of Jin Dynasty, and it is the earliest and most complete local chronicles in China.
The geographical scope recorded in this book covers Liang, Yi and Ning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Chongqing provinces and parts of Shaanxi, Gansu and Hubei provinces. It is called "Huayang" in the book, and the eastern Jin Dynasty's Liang, Yi and Ning prefectures grazed the "Gong Yu" Liangzhou area, which means "Huayang shines on the water and is only Liangzhou". It is also the cloud in K Shu Zhi: "Shu is a state, and astronomy shines on it. When the iron is straightened, Huashan will show its leisure. "Youbai:" Its land is connected with Pakistan in the east, Yue in the south, Qin Fen in the north, and Dafu in the west, which was closed by the Japanese state. "It can be seen that Huayang is named after its natural terrain, and it is named after the place where it lives in the sun of Huashan, which is the origin of the name Huayang Country.
The author is Chang Qu, a native of Jiangyuan County (now the northern part of Chongzhou, Sichuan), whose birth and death are unknown. Shi Li was a servant when he was an official in the Han Dynasty, and Ruoyun Zhang was called "the history of Shu". This position enabled him to contact a large number of documents and conduct extensive field investigations, which provided conditions for compiling books. In the third year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (347), Huan Wen attacked Shu, Chang Qiong surrendered (4), and then Huan Wen joined the army. In his later years, he may be frustrated in Jiankang, and he often uses topics in Huayang National Records, and his grievances are beyond words. Liu ling Kao Xiao was written in Sima Danyong, Eastern Jin Dynasty (348-355). As the saying goes, Chen has Han Shu outside the book, which is mostly recorded by Han people, but it is difficult to spread the national records of Huayang.
Twelve volumes of Huayang National Records, this article is about 110,000 words. Its volumes are: the first Bazhi, the second Han (with J: Liangzhou >; , the third Shu Zhi (Yizhou), the fourth Jiao Tazhong Zhi (Ningzhou), the fifth Gongsun Ermuzhi, the sixth Zhi Zhu, the seventh Zhi Zhu, the eighth great comrade (Houshu), the ninth Li Texiong's longevity and longevity annals, the tenth Guangxian female general praise (before the Jin Dynasty), the eleventh annals (after the Jin Dynasty) and the first place. This is the scope of a secretary's work. In terms of time, I got through and finally decided for three years. Geographically, it is Liang, Yi and Ning 33 counties 180 counties. The book is divided into three parts: one to four are about history and geography, which is mainly geography, similar to the geographical records in the official history; Volumes 5-9 describe the history of Gongsun Shu, Ada, Liu Zhang, Shu Han, Cheng Han's separatist regime and the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty in chronological form, which is slightly similar to the official biographies. Volumes 10 to 12 record the "sages and virgins" from the Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is quite biographical in the official history. This writing is summarized by Liu. "From the content, it is a combination of historical and geographical figures, and from the genre, it is a combination of geography, chronology and biography." This is in line with the actual situation in the book. However, in the final analysis, Huayang Guozhi is a local chronicle.
The establishment of China local chronicles can be traced back to the pre-Qin "land consolidation", with pictures as the main part and documents as the supplement. After the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, illustrated local chronicles appeared. Various local chronicles that preceded Huayang National Records have been recorded in the literature for a long time, that is, hundreds of kinds. Unfortunately, they are already dead or can only be scattered in other cultures. Only Huayang Guozhi is the earliest and most complete local chronicles. This is not accidental, but because of its historical value and unique sacrificial characteristics. From the historical and geographical value, the first four volumes of Nitrogen are the essence of the book. As summarized by Mr. Liu Lin, it records the history of each state, the evolution of counties, the location of the city, the famous mountains and rivers, the products of important road teams, the local customs, the main nationalities, the names of the most popular famous officials and counties, and so on. These colors provide valuable historical materials for studying the geography, political history, economic history and national literature of the southwest frontier in ancient China. Especially in the ancient southwest geography, it supplemented the Geography of Hanshu, the Geography of Counties in the Later Han Dynasty and the Geography of the Book of Jin. In terms of political history, it is supplemented by the History of the Three Kingdoms; in terms of economic history, it is supplemented by Historical Records, Hequ Book and Hanshu Gouzhi Book, and it is supplemented by Historical Records, PingZhun Book, Hanshu Shihuo Book, Shiji Huo Zhi Biography and Hanshu. As far as national history is concerned, it is of great significance to the southwest region. The Biography of Southwest China is much more detailed, but there are many omissions in the official history. The above shows that this book is profound and has high historical value. Its three combinations in content and three understandings in genre seem to have a direct or indirect influence on later local chronicles, from the records of Tang, Song, Yuan and counties, the records of Taiping Universe, to the unified records of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and various local chronicles.
Compilation has five characteristics:
First, the book is a trinity of history, geography and characters in content, and a trinity of geography, chronicle and biography in genre, which is a pioneering work in the history of local chronicles. Compared with the previous general local chronicles, it is divorced from history, geography and people, and only reflects one aspect of local historical geography. It is a more complete and brand-new genre of local chronicles. In fact, this kind of writing is the basic requirement of compiling history. The author thinks that it is difficult to edit local chronicles in the official history "History" and "Han", which not only gives full play to the advantages of local chronicles, but also reaches the historical value no less than the official history.
Second, this book is a special record of local chronicles in southwest frontier areas, including dozens of ethnic minorities. In terms of time, it includes thousands of years of history before the Jin Dynasty. Geographically, it includes Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing, as well as parts of Shaanxi, Gansu and Hubei. It is very rich in time and space, which is unprecedented not only in the history of China local chronicles, but also rare in later generations.